Suchergebnisse

The grain legume (pulse) faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is grown world-wide as protein source for food and feed, but at the same time faba bean offers ecosystem services such as renewable inputs of nitrogen (N) into crops and soil via biological N2 fixation, and a diversification of cropping systems. Even though the global average grain yield has almost doubled during the past 50 years the total area sown to faba beans has declined by 56% over the same period. The season-to-season fluctuations in grain yield of faba bean and the progressive replacement of traditional farming systems, which utilized legumes to provide N to maintain soil N fertility, with industrialized, largely cereal-based systems that are heavily reliant upon fossil fuels (= N fertilizers, heavy mechanization) are some of the explanations for this decline in importance. Past studies of faba bean in cropping systems have tended to focus on the effect of faba bean as a pre-crop in mainly cereal intensive rotations, whereas similar information on the effect of preceding crops on faba bean is lacking. Faba bean has the highest average reliance on N2 fixation for growth of the major cool season grain legumes. As a consequence the N benefit for following crops is often high, and several studies have demonstrated substantial savings (up to 100-200 kg N ha-1) in the amount of N fertilizer required to maximize the yield of crops grown after faba bean. There is, however, a requirement to evaluate the potential risks of losses of N from the plant-soil system associated with faba bean cropping via nitrate leaching or emissions of N2O to the atmosphere as a consequence of the rapid mineralization of N from its N-rich residues. It is important to develop improved preventive measures, such as catch crops, intercropping, or no-till technologies, in order to provide farmers with strategies to minimize any possible undesirable effects on the environment that might result from their inclusion of faba bean in cropping system. This needs to be combined with research that can lead to a reduction in the current extent of yield variability, so that faba bean crop may prove to be a key component of future arable cropping systems where declining supplies and high prices of fossil energy are likely to constrain the affordability and use of fertilizers. This will help address the increasing demand by consumers and governments for agriculture to reduce its impact on the environment and climate through new, more sustainable approaches to food production. The aims of this paper are to review the role of faba bean in global plant production systems, the requirements for optimal faba bean production and to highlight the beneficial effects of faba bean in cropping systems.

Carlsnaes, W.: Teorier om politiska allianser i internationell politik. - S. 9-14 Skogan, J. K.: Norske alliansetradisjoner. - S. 15-22 Graeger, N.: Norge, USA og de nye NATO. - S. 23-30 Rieker, P.: EU og Norden som militaerallianser og alliansepartnere for Norge. - S. 31-36 Haugevik, K. M.: Internasjonale sikkerhetsorganisasjoner som kontekst. - S. 37-44 Torjesen, S.: Hva med Russland? - S. 45-52

This article discusses the political relevance of recent proposals on universal basic income to the Swedish welfare state. I explore powerful arguments in favour of such proposals in this particular institutional context & confront them with two dimensions of the objection of political unfeasibility: (a) that basic income implies more fundamental normative & institutional discontinuity than sustainable implementanon allows & (b) that an adequate basic income would be unaffordable. I argue that this objection does not apply to all meaningful basic income schemes. Partial basic income & time-limited basic income promise to bring many advantages of a full basic income without implying a brutal clash with either (a) or (b). References. Adapted from the source document.

Two main arguments are presented in this article. First, when alternatives for the future of local government is debated, two questions need to be addressed simultaneously: (a) "how many & how big municipalities ought we have?", & (b) "how strong & well secured ought the principle of local self government be in the constitution?". Second, by using these questions as guides for the analysis, we argue that there are instrumental reasons to guarantee a strong local self-government in the constitution. However, such a reform needs to be complemented by a politically neutral body of regulations that, under given conditions, secures geographically concentrated minorities a right to secede. Adapted from the source document.

This article discusses modern Islam & what is commonly called Islamism. The aim with the discussion is to bring forward different views on the content & emergence of Islamism during the 20th century. The material for this discussion composes of three books each presenting different perspectives on the topic. The books are Olivier Roy's Globalized Islam, Bobby S. Sayyid's The Fundamental Fear, & finally Politics of Piety by Saba Mahmood. The discussion is narrowed down to two themes or questions: a) terminology -- what does one mean when using the word Islamism? b) Islamism & the relation to West -- is Islamism described as a reaction to western hegemony, a product of West, or something else? In the article support is given to Mahmood's attempt at understanding Islamism on a micro-level. Mahmood's analysis is argued to be a fruitful attempt to move away from generalizations & diffuse understandings of Islamism. Adapted from the source document.

La neurociencia integra varias disciplinas que analizan y explican el comportamiento humano y sus implicaciones para la educación, sobre todo en las condiciones donde el aprendizaje resulta más efectivo. La Dominancia Cerebral, concepto asociado a la Neurociencia, se concibe como la predisposición de los estudiantes a utilizar más las funciones de un hemisferio que las del otro para interactuar con el entorno, lo que afecta su personalidad, habilidades y aprendizaje. En este sentido, el presente estudio estableció los perfiles de Dominancia Cerebral de estudiantes de bachillerato y sus relaciones en el aprendizaje, con un enfoque positivista, sustentado en una investigación de campo de carácter descriptivo. Se conformaron como sujetos de investigación 180 estudiantes de primer año de Bachillerato General Unificado de la Unidad Educativa Santo Tomás Apóstol de Riobamba, Ecuador. Se comprobó la preferencia en los cuadrantes A y C, predominio de la dominancia simple y relación significativa del cuadrante B con los cuadrantes A y D. Esta información ayudará a los docentes en su praxis, al permitirles repensar la educación y cambiar de una educación uniforme a otra basada en sus necesidades y particularidades.