Suchergebnisse

The World Health Organization (2011) has emphasized communication as one of the biggest challenges and places risk communication among the essential competencies required to tackle a pandemic. In light of the Covid-19 crisis, the aim of this paper is to assess how information forms and sources influence the public's information-seeking behaviors, and the perception of government's crisis response strategies during the pandemic. An online survey was conducted between March 14 and April 14, 2020, the first four weeks after the declaration of the State of Alarm in Spain. The online questionnaire included questions regarding information-seeking behavior, trust in different sources and channels, perception of government communication management, message retention, and demographic questions. Findings show a synchronous use of multiple media and platforms in line with channel complementarity theory. Three of the four most used information channels are considered mainstream news media. However, the second source of information is WhatsApp. People who relied more on the mainstream news media for Covid-19 information are generally most likely to express positive opinions of the government's communication strategy. Findings also show that people less able to make correct attributions of governmental information were the most critical of the government's crisis response. Finally, trust in public authorities' decreases as the crisis evolves as a general matter. It is specially truth for the WHO, but there is also a striking exemption for local governments. Implications for theory and empirical research and recommendations and new issues to address are identified and discussed.

This article analyzes the role of the Spanish Army and Security Forces as actors and as a discursive resource in the Spanish Government's communication during the Covid-19 crisis and covers two complementary questions. On one hand, the presence of the military, police and civil guards in the media and in the daily press conferences of the Spanish Government's Coronavirus Crisis Committee and, on the other, tweets by the main political protagonists of the crisis in Spain: the leaders of the five largest national parties (PSOE, PP, Vox, Unidas Podemos and Ciudadanos) and the presidents of four autonomous communities (Catalonia, Madrid, the Valencian Community and the Basque Country) who also played a particularly important role in managing the crisis. The timeframe covered is from March 15 (start of the state of emergency) to April 25 (final day in which the military and security forces participated in the daily press conferences of the Coronavirus Crisis Committee). The methodology applied involves a qualitative analysis of the appearances by military and security forces in the media and in the press conferences of the aforementioned Committee, which allows us to outline a complex narrative of the events. A content analysis of the Twitter accounts is also performed to show the presence of these groups and the warlike language in their messages. The objectives are to balance the Government's communication strategy in relation to the presence of the military, the Civil Guard and the National Police: internally (at press conferences) and externally (in the media and, in particular, in speeches by political leaders).

Drawing upon the misinformation stories debunked by the three accredited fact-checking platforms in Spain, a content analysis of all the hoaxes (N = 292) bound to the Covid-19 pandemic is performed, over the first month of the state of alarm decreed by the Spanish Government (March 14th, 2020 – April 13th, 2020). The study shows that the hoaxes about the coronavirus were disseminated mainly on social networks and, among them, especially in closed ones, such as the WhatsApp mobile messaging application. It also detects the most frequent formal and content peculiarities of misinformation. The results reveal that the pandemic, in addition to generating a large number of hoaxes on health and science, also led to the dissemination of many political fake news. The formats, sources and territories of origin of the hoaxes are also explored. Beyond the empirical results, this study makes theoretical contributions in the framework of the emerging studies on information disorders. Specifically, it provides a definition of hoax, as well as a typology in which four main types are identified: joke, exaggeration, decontextualization and deception. Based on these four types, a 'hoax severity diagram' is proposed.

The populist phenomenon has acquired great relevance during the last decade. The emergence of new populist actors and the consolidation of the use of social media such as Twitter are transforming the field of political communication. The objective of this paper is to know the agenda set by the leaders of the main European populist political parties on Twitter, as well as the strategy they use and the user interaction achieved. The sample consists of the 2,310 tweets published by the leaders of Podemos, the 5 Stelle Movement, France's National Front and UKIP during three random time periods. The results show a low degree of thematic fragmentation, the launch of proposals instead of attracting voters, and the existence of a strong negative correlation between the number of published tweets and user interest.

Public perceptions of science have been studied extensively since the mid-twentieth century. The aim of this project is to explore the interaction between science and the public in the digital world as a complement to traditional studies on the societal impact of science, particularly on the social network Twitter. It thus proposes a low-cost, easily reproducible methodology involving the design of an algorithm operating on representative sets of tweets to analyse their content by using computational techniques of data mining and natural language processing. To test this methodology, I analyse the communications of the popular science communicator Neil DeGrasse Tyson. The impact of the information is calculated in terms of 1) likes and retweets; 2) suggested formulas for measuring the popularity and controversial nature of the content; and 3) the semantic network. Relevant elements of the communications are then identified and classified according to the categories of "science", "culture", "political-social", "beliefs", "media" and "emotional". The results reveal that content with an emotional charge in the communicator's message triggers a substantially more profound response from the public, as do references to socio-political issues. Moreover, numerous concepts peripheral to the scientific discussion arouse more interest than the concepts central to the communication. Both these results suggest that science is more interesting when it is linked to other issues.

Based on an analysis of several sampled political discussions on Twitter, a new methodology is proposed that allows researchers to obtain a significant, replicable, and manageable data sample from a universe of Twitter metadata. The proposal is a new model called Top discussion indicator (TDI). The aim of TDI is to assist researchers in obtaining a representative set of text from Twitter that includes the minimum amount of information needed to generalize the results.

Twitter because of its immediacy, horizontality and simplicity in the publication and dissemination of content has meant a change in the way in which the three actors of political communication (public, media and citizen actors) interact with each other. This change has occurred in all communicative areas, including those of great social impact such as communication in emergency situations. In the field of emergency communication on Twitter we present the analysis of a relevant case: the contagion of Ebola by nursing assistant Teresa Romero (October, 2014). The study was carried out by means of a mixed methodology and 1,088,749 tuits have been analyzed, a fact that in itself emphasizes the great magnitude and social relevance of this emergency in Spain. The conversation about the Ebola case was organized around the hashtags: #SalvemosaExcalibur and #AnaMatoDimision, mainly. This highlights the main themes on which the conversation surrounding the emergence on Twitter (political criticism, and the case of the dog sacrifice of Teresa Romero).

25 years ago, organizations consolidated their digital communication and researchers began their study. The article analyzes and evaluates the trends, findings and main future challenges of the discipline from the thematic and methodological point of view. All the articles published on the subject in the main journals included in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) are studied through an analysis sheet designed for this research and a qualitative study of the topics and hermeneutics. The results indicate a continued increase in interest in the object of study from a largely deterministic and descriptive perspective that offers an overview of the evolution of communication in organizations linked to technological innovations. Emerging issues and challenges include hybrid communication, communication through instant web messaging and robotization and their growing influence on society, especially in political elections and referendums.

HATE - Why We Should Resist It With Free Speech, Not Censorship, comes from the need of Nadine Strossen to clarify the concepts of freedom of speech, as well as equal rights. The new edition of the book first published in 2018 makes understand that "equal justice for all depends on full freedom of speech for all", especially since the U.S. is a democracy upholder of freedom of speech, equality and justice.

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted societies, having health, economic, political, and communication implications. Governments have had to plan and implement immediate communication strategies to explain the actions that have been taken and to manage public health campaigns. This research analyzes the Spanish Government's communication strategy at national and international level since the announcement of the state of alert on 13 March until 9 May 2020. To this end, the 71 press conferences held by the Government have been analyzed, with the participation of 414 media outlets that have asked 1,069 questions, in addition to 1,080 publications on the official accounts of La Moncloa on Facebook and Twitter and information about Spain in the two main newspapers in six countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, USA, and UK). The results show a permanent presence of the Government, offering information via up to three press conferences on some days, revealing a strategy to control the subjects of discussion and their framing with warlike language associated with national unity. On social networks, the content related to administrative or service information prevails over image communication, with a clear dominance of press conferences and divergence between the communication interests of citizens versus the Government, preventing a true interaction between them. Regarding foreign press reports, 778 news items on Covid-19 in Spain were identified, with a prevalence in the US press and on economic rather than health issues.

The objective of this work is to determine the volume of videos on Covid-19 published and disseminated through YouTube, and directly or indirectly related to the Spanish national territory, to characterize the impact of those videos (in terms of views, likes and comments received), and finally to categorize the channels through which the videos have been broadcast. For this, 39,531 videos published between January 1 and April 30, 2020 have been analysed. The results show that the number of videos on Covid-19 grew since the establishment of the state of alarm in Spain, and they have been slightly decreasing over time, including certain upswings linked to political decisions. The videos achieve on average high volumes of views, likes/dislikes and comments, and have been published mainly by the media. The videos related both to Blogs and Entertainment are very numerous but with less impact. The videos belonging to the categories of Education and Science and Technology are less numerous, but had a high impact, especially in view counts. In addition, it is concluded that YouTube search filters are not accurate enough to be used in informetric studies without a high data cleansing workload. Likewise, the existence of channels applying defective positioning techniques makes it difficult to carry out this type of study.

The global health crisis arising from the expansion of Covid-19 has led the WHO to coin the term infodemics to define a situation of fear and insecurity in which the dissemination of false information has become widespread. These hoaxes take advantage of this type of emotion to spread faster than the coronavirus itself, generating fear and distrust in the population. The spread of these lies, part of which circulates on social networks, is dangerous because it affects health and can make the contagion worse and cause people to die. This research aims to analyse and visualise the network created around the false news circulating on Twitter about the coronavirus pandemic using the technique of social network analysis. NodeXL Pro software has been used. Several measures of network centrality have been used to generate the network of connections between users, to represent their interaction patterns and to identify the key actors within the network. In addition, a semantic network has also been created to discover the differences in the way groups of people talk about the topic. The results show that the situation in the USA dominates the conversation, despite the fact that at that time there were hardly any cases, and Europe had become the global epicentre of the Covid-19. Despite reports of inaction by journalists and critics of the Trump government, there are several weeks in which disinformation distracts from taking more effective action and actually preventing contagion. Moreover, among the actors with the most prominent positions in the network, there is little presence of scientists and institutions that help to disprove the hoaxes and explain the hygiene measures.

This report aimed at summarizing an important and innovative study (especially in the Portuguese context) about tourism communication on social media in an ever growing international destination: Porto and the Northern Region of Portugal. In a time marked by the overwhelming cultural, social and political importance of social networks, their study becomes of a paramount importance. The recent economic rise of the tourism sector in Portugal grants further relevance to this study, which intended to contribute to the analysis of the new dynamics in promoting tourism on social media and institutional websites.

There are at least four rhetoric principles in preaching: emotional appeals, that is an act of communication that touches dakwah audience, involving emotions, hope and love; using persuasive, gentle, clear, and easy to understand language; understand the conditions of society that lead to soothing dakwah; and is accompanied by strong arguments. Novels can be used as a medium to convey messages of dakwah. Habibie & Ainun Novel is not only literary and romance, but also cultural, political and dakwah novel. Among the strenght of the novel besides the rhetorical language, it is more than just a story, this novel was written by the author based on personal stories, what happened in his life, a love story of believers that gives amazing inspiration for the reader. Dakwah rhetoric in this novel is reflected in various forms accompanying the journey of life, psyche and emotions of the author, have touched the hearts of dakwah rhetoric, persuasive, giving attention to the dakwah goal and argumentative rhetoric.Prinsif Retorika dalam berdakwah paling tidak mengandung empat hal: emotional appeals (imbauan emosional) yakni sebuah tindak komunikasi dakwah yang menyentuh hati sasaran dakwah, melibatkan emosi, harapan dan kasih sayang; menggunakan bahasa persuasive, lemah lembut, jelas, dan mudah dipahami; memahami kondisi masyarakat sehingga mengarah pada dakwah yang menyejukkan hati; dan disertai dengan argumentasi yang kuat. Novel dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah. Novel Habibie & Ainun, bukan hanya novel sastra dan novel cinta, tetapi juga novel budaya, politik dan novel dakwah. Dan keistimewaan Novel Habibie & Ainun ini disamping bahasanya yang retoris, adalah lebih dari sekedar sebuah cerita, novel ini ditulis oleh pengarangnya berdasarkan kisah pribadi, apa yang terjadi dalam hidupnya, sebuah kisah cinta insan beriman yang memberi insprirasi yang luar biasa bagi pembaca. Dakwah retoris dalam novel ini terpancar dalam berbagai bentuk mengiringi situasi perjalanan hidup, kejiwaan dan emosi sang penulis, ada dakwah retoris menyentuh hati, persuasive, memperhatikan kondisi sasaran dakwah hingga retorika argumentative.

There should be at least four rethorical principles in conducting da'wah. The first principle is an emotional appeal, which means a kind of touching da'wah communication that involves emotions, expectation and affection of the mad'u. Secondly, the da'i (preacher) should use persuasive and gently ways as well as clear and understandable languages. Thirdly, he should understand the condition of community so his da'wah could become soothing. The last principle is enabling to give strong arguments. The novel might become a medium to deliver the messages of da'wah. The novel of Habibie Ainun does not only a philological and romance novel, but also a kind of cultural, political and da'wah novel. Its feature is not only in using rhetorical language, but indeed it was also written based on personal stories including his life experiences and love story of a religious man that tremendously inspires the readers. In this novel, the rhetorical da'wah is expressed in various ways following the context of life journey as well as the writer's mood and passion namely kinds of persuasive and touching da'wah, contextual da'wah, and argumentative rethorical da'wah.***Prinsip Retorika dalam berdakwah paling tidak mengandung empat hal: emotional appeals (imbauan emosional) yakni sebuah tindak komunikasi dakwah yang menyentuh hati sasaran dakwah, melibatkan emosi, harapan dan kasih sayang;menggunakan bahasapersuasive, lemah lembut, jelas, dan mudah dipahami; memahami kondisi masyarakat sehingga mengarah pada dakwah yang menyejukkan hati; dan disertai dengan argumentasi yang kuat. Novel dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah.Novel Habibie Ainun, bukan hanya novel sastra dan novel cinta, tetapi juga novel budaya, politik dan novel dakwah.Dan keistimewaan Novel Habibie Ainun ini disamping bahasanya yang retoris, adalah lebih dari sekedar sebuah cerita, novel ini ditulis oleh pengarangnya berdasarkan kisah pribadi, apa yang terjadi dalam hidupnya, sebuah kisah cinta insan beriman yang memberi insprirasi yang luar biasa bagi pembaca. Dakwah retoris dalamnovel ini terpancar dalam berbagai bentuk mengiringi situasi perjalanan hidup, kejiwaan dan emosi sang penulis, ada dakwah retoris menyentuh hati, persuasive, memperhatikan kondisi sasaran dakwah hingga retorika argumentatif.