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Political economists have been testing the empirical validity of Marx's labour theory of value for several decades now. Do these tests corroborate the theory? Do they actually test it? Can they test it?

FROM THE ARTICLE: Trump's election made investors justifiably nervous. But a mass exodus from the U.S. Treasuries market is unlikely, both because the United States remains the most relatively safe investment option in a perilous world and because Trump's policies will entrench the power of the superrich owners of Treasuries. The existence of an influential bloc of domestic owners should offer some solace to foreign investors rattled by the new administration's nationalist rhetoric. But perhaps the main lesson for the holders of U.S. Treasuries is that the inertia in the global financial system is strong -- even in the face of a change like Trump.

The following is an outline of Suhail Malik, 'The Ontology of Finance', Collapse: Philosophical Research and Development, Vol. VIII (2014), 629¬813, prepared by Ray Brassier, followed by a discussion after his lecture on June 28 at the School for Politics and Critique 2017 in Ohrid, Macedonia.

This edited volume offers the first critical engagement with one of the most provocative and controversial theories in political economy: the thesis that capital can be theorized as power and that capital is finance and only finance. The book also includes a detailed introduction to this novel thesis first put forward by Nitzan and Bichler in their Capital as Power. Although endorsing the capital as power argument to varying extents, contributors to this volume agree that a new understanding of capital that radically departs from Marxist and Neoclassical theories cannot be ignored. Offering the first application and appraisal of Nitzan and Bichler's theory, chapters examine the thesis in the context of energy and global capitalization, US Investment Banks, trade and investment agreements between Canada, the US and Mexico, and multinational corporations in Apartheid South Africa. Balancing theory, methodology and empirical analysis throughout, this book is accessible to new readers, whilst contextualising and advancing the original theoretical debate.

[An economist's take on differential accumulation and inflation in Pakistan] Our analysis seeks to look at inflation as a political economic phenomenon, based on a framework devised by Jonathan Nitzan and christened differential accumulation. The theory of differential accumulation rejects the conventional definitions of capital and draws upon Veblenian economics to integrate the definitions of power and capital by describing the ownership of capital as differential power claims over social processes. In order to maximize capital accumulation, businessmen allocate resources, in response to the socio-political environment, to beat a certain benchmark rate of return in their pursuit of maximizing capital accumulation. We find evidence for the existence of this phenomenon in Pakistan by assuming that a certain group of businessmen seeks to maximize power by maximizing relative profit, which in turn affects overall inflation. However, we have not established proof through a scientifically rigorous process due to incomplete datasets. We believe that these findings merit further investigation and propose that the maximization of relative profit as opposed to absolute profit, may, in fact, be a behavioral phenomenon. Such a finding will merely be the doppelganger of the maximization of relative utility, as opposed to absolute utility, in consumer decision-making models.

Thoughts on 'objective value', power and the normal rate of return.

FROM THE REVIEW: "The authors of Capital As Power wish, as they said in their own words at a recent Rethinking Marxism conference, to perform a 'ctrl-alt-del' on current political economy. The basis for this extreme assertion is the sorry state of value theory and the concepts that depend upon that theory, including capital. In place of the two standard theories of value (the neoclassical 'utility theory of value' and the Marxist 'labor theory of value'), both of which have serious analytical and ontological problems, Nitzan and Bichler offer a theory that capital is nothing but quantified power."

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Oak Hill Cemetery #284, Lampasas, Lampasas County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Clark, J. H. ; Colorado City Cemetery #872, Colorado City, Mitchell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Avery, Peter E.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Pleasant Hill Cemetery #5, Nolanville, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Spratt, Elam McKnight. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #6, Temple, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Carothers, Sim D. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #6, Temple, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Crenshaw, W. T. ; N. Belton Cemetery #1, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Holliday, Andrew J. ; Abilene Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Stinckcomb, J. D. ; Rehobeth Cemetery #768, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Pyle, Thos. Jefferson.