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The article addresses the issue of the business climate in Russia from the Swedish investors' perspective and relates its to a general theoretical debate in the field. Statistical tests suggests that the majority of variables relating to the business climate has deteriorated between 2012 and 2014. The findings support several mainstream theories regarding the business climate but also demonstrate some contradictions that would require further investigation. These include the reaction of Swedish business to the escalation of political tensions between Russia and the West and the factor of corruption, which is not viewed as serious enough to fully discourage foreign investors from staying in Russia.

With a spate of new activity and progress, perceptions of business and the role of the private sector in economic life have shifted markedly among donors, investors, and African public officials and private actors.

This paper provides a new explanation for "tax holidays," as well as their subsequent removal in a tax reform stage. In a two-period model, I assume that perfectly competitive foreign investors are uncertain about the host country government's propensity for public spending, and that infinitely divisible capital is subject to strictly convex adjustment costs. The host country government's current period tradeoff between public spending and the associated deadweight loss from distortionary taxation may signal the host's type and spare the investors from an unanticipated future tax hike. A separating equilibrium requires a deep tax concession early on, which corresponds to a tax holiday. When there are overlapping generations of foreign investors the tax profile flattens out over time as the information from tax holidays is exhausted; this is the tax reform phase.