Suchergebnisse

The study aims to explain why European banks had different positions towards establishing the EU banking union. Most of the academic publications dedicated to analyze the very recently implemented EU financial sector reforms give particular attention to explaining why different EU member states opposed the creation of a full banking union as it was proposed by the European Commission while there is a lack of academic discussions raising the question of how to explain that European banks also had different positions towards the implementation of single supervisory and resolution mechanisms. The research poses the question of how to explain different banks' positions towards the creation of the EU banking union. While some international banks were strongly promoting the new supranational supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to the whole EU banking sector the others voiced strong opposition to the points of governance and application scope of proposed EU banking sector reforms. The overall aim of the study is to give the possible explanation of why different banks had different positions towards shaping the EU banking union. The study is based on the hypothesis that highly internationalized banks preferred greater European regulatory harmonization in the banking supervision and resolution (creating single supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would include all euro zone banks, supranational governance of banking resolution and high degree of risk sharing) while low internationalized banks preferred more the national regulatory autonomy. The research is based on the theoretical framework suggested by A. Spendzharova. The author argues that the level of bank internationalisation is an important determinant of the extent to which governments were prepared to endorse European solutions in banking supervision and resolution or prefer the national regulation. The proposed framework of the analysis has been applied to analyse countries' positions but it has not been applied to explain banks' preferences on the proposed elements of the EU banking union. The conducted analysis revealed that the internationalisation level alone cannot fully explain the positions of the banks on the creation of the EU banking union. The analysis of 20 biggest European banks varying from global to local banks revealed that despite being internationalized differently the majority of the banks supported the creation of the common supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to all euro zone banks. Even banks having a low internationalisation level supported the creation of the proposed EU banking union and vice versa. It can be also noted, that the majority of the banks voiced the support for the supranational governance of the single resolution mechanism but opposed the high degree of risk sharing – the creation of the ex ante resolution fund.

The study aims to explain why European banks had different positions towards establishing the EU banking union. Most of the academic publications dedicated to analyze the very recently implemented EU financial sector reforms give particular attention to explaining why different EU member states opposed the creation of a full banking union as it was proposed by the European Commission while there is a lack of academic discussions raising the question of how to explain that European banks also had different positions towards the implementation of single supervisory and resolution mechanisms. The research poses the question of how to explain different banks' positions towards the creation of the EU banking union. While some international banks were strongly promoting the new supranational supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to the whole EU banking sector the others voiced strong opposition to the points of governance and application scope of proposed EU banking sector reforms. The overall aim of the study is to give the possible explanation of why different banks had different positions towards shaping the EU banking union. The study is based on the hypothesis that highly internationalized banks preferred greater European regulatory harmonization in the banking supervision and resolution (creating single supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would include all euro zone banks, supranational governance of banking resolution and high degree of risk sharing) while low internationalized banks preferred more the national regulatory autonomy. The research is based on the theoretical framework suggested by A. Spendzharova. The author argues that the level of bank internationalisation is an important determinant of the extent to which governments were prepared to endorse European solutions in banking supervision and resolution or prefer the national regulation. The proposed framework of the analysis has been applied to analyse countries' positions but it has not been applied to explain banks' preferences on the proposed elements of the EU banking union. The conducted analysis revealed that the internationalisation level alone cannot fully explain the positions of the banks on the creation of the EU banking union. The analysis of 20 biggest European banks varying from global to local banks revealed that despite being internationalized differently the majority of the banks supported the creation of the common supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to all euro zone banks. Even banks having a low internationalisation level supported the creation of the proposed EU banking union and vice versa. It can be also noted, that the majority of the banks voiced the support for the supranational governance of the single resolution mechanism but opposed the high degree of risk sharing – the creation of the ex ante resolution fund.

The study aims to explain why European banks had different positions towards establishing the EU banking union. Most of the academic publications dedicated to analyze the very recently implemented EU financial sector reforms give particular attention to explaining why different EU member states opposed the creation of a full banking union as it was proposed by the European Commission while there is a lack of academic discussions raising the question of how to explain that European banks also had different positions towards the implementation of single supervisory and resolution mechanisms. The research poses the question of how to explain different banks' positions towards the creation of the EU banking union. While some international banks were strongly promoting the new supranational supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to the whole EU banking sector the others voiced strong opposition to the points of governance and application scope of proposed EU banking sector reforms. The overall aim of the study is to give the possible explanation of why different banks had different positions towards shaping the EU banking union. The study is based on the hypothesis that highly internationalized banks preferred greater European regulatory harmonization in the banking supervision and resolution (creating single supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would include all euro zone banks, supranational governance of banking resolution and high degree of risk sharing) while low internationalized banks preferred more the national regulatory autonomy. The research is based on the theoretical framework suggested by A. Spendzharova. The author argues that the level of bank internationalisation is an important determinant of the extent to which governments were prepared to endorse European solutions in banking supervision and resolution or prefer the national regulation. The proposed framework of the analysis has been applied to analyse countries' positions but it has not been applied to explain banks' preferences on the proposed elements of the EU banking union. The conducted analysis revealed that the internationalisation level alone cannot fully explain the positions of the banks on the creation of the EU banking union. The analysis of 20 biggest European banks varying from global to local banks revealed that despite being internationalized differently the majority of the banks supported the creation of the common supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to all euro zone banks. Even banks having a low internationalisation level supported the creation of the proposed EU banking union and vice versa. It can be also noted, that the majority of the banks voiced the support for the supranational governance of the single resolution mechanism but opposed the high degree of risk sharing – the creation of the ex ante resolution fund.

The study aims to explain why European banks had different positions towards establishing the EU banking union. Most of the academic publications dedicated to analyze the very recently implemented EU financial sector reforms give particular attention to explaining why different EU member states opposed the creation of a full banking union as it was proposed by the European Commission while there is a lack of academic discussions raising the question of how to explain that European banks also had different positions towards the implementation of single supervisory and resolution mechanisms. The research poses the question of how to explain different banks' positions towards the creation of the EU banking union. While some international banks were strongly promoting the new supranational supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to the whole EU banking sector the others voiced strong opposition to the points of governance and application scope of proposed EU banking sector reforms. The overall aim of the study is to give the possible explanation of why different banks had different positions towards shaping the EU banking union. The study is based on the hypothesis that highly internationalized banks preferred greater European regulatory harmonization in the banking supervision and resolution (creating single supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would include all euro zone banks, supranational governance of banking resolution and high degree of risk sharing) while low internationalized banks preferred more the national regulatory autonomy. The research is based on the theoretical framework suggested by A. Spendzharova. The author argues that the level of bank internationalisation is an important determinant of the extent to which governments were prepared to endorse European solutions in banking supervision and resolution or prefer the national regulation. The proposed framework of the analysis has been applied to analyse countries' positions but it has not been applied to explain banks' preferences on the proposed elements of the EU banking union. The conducted analysis revealed that the internationalisation level alone cannot fully explain the positions of the banks on the creation of the EU banking union. The analysis of 20 biggest European banks varying from global to local banks revealed that despite being internationalized differently the majority of the banks supported the creation of the common supervisory and resolution mechanisms which would be applied to all euro zone banks. Even banks having a low internationalisation level supported the creation of the proposed EU banking union and vice versa. It can be also noted, that the majority of the banks voiced the support for the supranational governance of the single resolution mechanism but opposed the high degree of risk sharing – the creation of the ex ante resolution fund.

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

In the master thesis is represented the analysis of the shadow banking in the euro area, the share of shadow deposits is calculated and the changes in the structure of it is shown. Moreover, the aspect of the competition between traditional banking deposits and shadow deposits is, as well, investigated. In the first chapter of the master thesis the financial system in the European Union is introduced. In the second part of the work the main concepts of shadow banking are analyzed according to the attitude of many scientists. The definition, components, statistical sources, importance, regulations and risk of shadow banking are discussed. The third part represents the methodology of the estimation of the deposits in shadow banking; the new, never before used formula is presented. In the fourth chapter of the thesis the analysis and estimation of shadow banking deposits in the euro zone is made, the competition between shadow deposits and different type of traditional deposits are researched and discussed. The fifth part or the paper presents the conclusions and recommendations of the master thesis.

In the master thesis is represented the analysis of the shadow banking in the euro area, the share of shadow deposits is calculated and the changes in the structure of it is shown. Moreover, the aspect of the competition between traditional banking deposits and shadow deposits is, as well, investigated. In the first chapter of the master thesis the financial system in the European Union is introduced. In the second part of the work the main concepts of shadow banking are analyzed according to the attitude of many scientists. The definition, components, statistical sources, importance, regulations and risk of shadow banking are discussed. The third part represents the methodology of the estimation of the deposits in shadow banking; the new, never before used formula is presented. In the fourth chapter of the thesis the analysis and estimation of shadow banking deposits in the euro zone is made, the competition between shadow deposits and different type of traditional deposits are researched and discussed. The fifth part or the paper presents the conclusions and recommendations of the master thesis.

Recently the problems of regional digital divide reduction are the key discussion in Lithuania and ES, so the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for community development is relevant and well-timed topic. The main scientific questions of this work are those: * Have the regions of Lithuania the problem of digital divide? * Which instruments Lithuanian governmental and municipal institutions are using for the inclusion of the residents of regions into information society? * How the e-banking services are influencing digital divide reduction? The main objective of this work is to investigate are the e-banking services one of the main instruments of the inclusion of the Lithuanian regional residents into information society. To reach this goal the revision and analysis of governmental and municipal institutions projects for the digital divide reduction was done and also the measurements of information society development level by analysis of statistical data and data gained from the focused discussion groups interview were accomplished. As a result of those investigations a list of recommendations how effectively to increase the rate of the inclusion of the residents of regions into development processes of information society using instruments of e-banking services was proposed.

Recently the problems of regional digital divide reduction are the key discussion in Lithuania and ES, so the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for community development is relevant and well-timed topic. The main scientific questions of this work are those: * Have the regions of Lithuania the problem of digital divide? * Which instruments Lithuanian governmental and municipal institutions are using for the inclusion of the residents of regions into information society? * How the e-banking services are influencing digital divide reduction? The main objective of this work is to investigate are the e-banking services one of the main instruments of the inclusion of the Lithuanian regional residents into information society. To reach this goal the revision and analysis of governmental and municipal institutions projects for the digital divide reduction was done and also the measurements of information society development level by analysis of statistical data and data gained from the focused discussion groups interview were accomplished. As a result of those investigations a list of recommendations how effectively to increase the rate of the inclusion of the residents of regions into development processes of information society using instruments of e-banking services was proposed.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.