In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 48, Heft suppl 1, S. i41-i46
Governments are demanding more value for money from scientists, which is putting fundamental research under increasing pressure. Scientists should know how to champion it more effectively.
"This report, prepared in the Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology/Research and Laboratory Management), is an update of a previous volume . "--P.iii. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Contents: Introduction. (Renn, Jürgen/Schoepflin, Urs/Wazeck, Milena/Wintergrün, Dirk: The classical image of science and the future of science policy.) I. The reflective stance (Renn, Jürgen: Challenges from the past. Innovative structures for science and the contributions of the history of science. - Elkana, Yehuda: Problem choice in science - reflections on the structures of research. - Mittelstrass, Jürgen: Transdisciplinarity - new structures in science. - Farmer, Paul: Social medicine and the challenge of bio-social research.) II. conditions for innovation (Menzel, Randolf: Striving for active research at the university. - McKelvey, Maureen: How innovation occurs: Incentives and institutional structures in interdisciplinary research. - Störmer, Horst: The bell labs - conditions for basic research at privately financed institutions.) III. Cooperation and mobility between and within institutions (Hoffmann, Hans Falk: New ways in international cooperation. - Jarlskog, Cecilia: New ways in international cooperation. - Grunwald, Reinhard: Mobility of researchers. - Baldwin, Wendy: Flexible adaptation of the NIH organization. Structure to take advantage of new opportunities.) IV. Building up new structures of evaluation and dissemination (Luce, Richard: The impact of new technologies on the structures of science. - Schlögl, Robert: Changing the structures of research - the perspective of an active scientist. - Brook, Richard: The role of evaluation as a tool for innovation in research.) V. The definition of new frontiers (Yan, Yixun: The impact of the new economy on basic research and our strategy. - Kaiserswerth, Matthias: The role of basic research: Private funding or how does IBM research work? - Rauchhaupt, Ulf von: Coping with a new age: The Max Planck Society and the challenge of space science in the early 1960s. - Crane, Gregory: From side-line to specialization: The rise of computional humanities.) VI. Rederecting research (Kirchhoff, Jochen: Rederecting research. Experiences in research policy from the Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft during the 1920s. - Bienenstock, Arthur: U.S. science policy - some challenges. - Tent, Hendrik: New aspects in European research policy: The Fifth Framework Program. - Ganten, Detlev: New challenges facing German national research laboratories.) VII. The case of the Human Genome Project (Morgan, Michael: The Human Genome Project - new fields of research in global coope ...
We study a model where economic growth is fueled by public basic-research investment and the importation of leading technology from foreign countries. In each period, the government chooses the amount of basic research, balancing the cost and benefits of stimulating growth through both channels. We establish the existence of steady states and the long-run share of technologically advanced sectors in the economy. Then, we explore how different degrees of openness affect long-term incentives to invest in basic research. Our main insight is that higher openness tends to encourage more investment in basic research which, in turn, yields a larger share of leading sectors. If, however, there are prospects of importing large technology advancements, highly open countries will reduce basic research as such imports become particularly valuable.
We study a model where economic growth is fueled by public basic-research investment and the importation of leading technology from foreign countries. In each period, the government chooses the amount of basic research, balancing the cost and benefits of stimulating growth through both channels. We establish the existence of steady states and the long-run share of technologically advanced sectors in the economy. Then, we explore how different degrees of openness affect long-term incentives to invest in basic research. Our main insight is that higher openness tends to encourage more investment in basic research which, in turn, yields a larger share of leading sectors. If, however, there are prospects of importing large technology advancements, highly open countries will reduce basic research as such imports become particularly valuable.
"Basic research" is often used in science policy. It is commonly thought to refer to research that is directed solely toward acquiring new knowledge rather than any more practical objective. Recently, there has been considerable concern about the future of basic research because of purported changes in the nature of knowledge production and increasing pressures on scientists to demonstrate the social and economic benefits of their work. But is there really something special about basic research? The author argues here that "basic research" is a flexible and ambiguous concept that is drawn on by scientists to acquire prestige and resources. She shows that it is used for boundary work and gives examples of the work it does in different situations by drawing on interviews with scientists and policy makers on the category of basic research and the changes they have seen in it over time.
