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Basic science is an inherently international activity. Its principal goal is the production of new knowledge which is evaluated according to universal standards. In terms of membership and goals scientific communities have been international since their emergence during the seventeenth century. Basic science today consists of hundreds of research problem areas in which groups of scientists study similar problems and exchange information across national boundaries. International scientific cooperation occurs on several levels ranging from informal communication between individual researchers to multilateral agreements between governments and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).

A conceptual outcome line which delineates the impacts of government basic science development programs and activities to the attainments of basic science development goals was developed in order to use in evaluating Korean government basic science policies and their impacts to the Korean basic science development. Past performances and the actual conditions of Korean basic science researches and important research policies of Korean government were presented. The actual conditions and performances of basic research and government basic research policies were evaluated through outcome line developed the above. Problems of basic science policies in terms of research environment fostering policies, potential research capability development policies, and research motivation cultivation policies were presented. Based on the findings above, various ways of ameliorating those problems were recommended.

'Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation' by Donald E. Stokes is reviewed.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Tables, figure, and box -- Acronyms for institutions and programmes -- Regarding terminology -- Contributors and editors -- The Uppsala declaration and recommendations for action -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Strengthening the basic sciences in the South -- 3 Development and basic sciences in the Third World: progress through knowledge -- 4 Research in the basic sciences from a developing country perspective -- 5 How training in the basic sciences affects the development process -- 6 Donor models for strengthening research capacity in developing countries -- 7 The status of the basic sciences in Africa -- 8 Basic sciences in developing countries: the case of Mozambique -- 9 A viewpoint from Latin America regarding the basic sciences and development -- 10 The need to strengthen Indian research in the basic sciences -- 11 Development-oriented research in the basic sciences: the case of Vietnam -- Appendix: addresses -- Index

Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush released his enormously influential report, Science, the Endless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between basic and applied science. This view was at the core of the compact between government and science that led to the golden age of scientific research after World War II--a compact that is currently under severe stress. In this book, Donald Stokes challenges Bush's view and maintains that we can only rebuild the relationship between government and the scientific community when we understand what is wrong with that view. Stokes begins with an analysis of the goals of understanding and use in scientific research. He recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental yet use-inspired studies by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago. Pasteur worked in the era of the "second industrial revolution," when the relationship between basic science and technological change assumed its modern form. Over subsequent decades, technology has been increasingly science-based. But science has been increasingly technology-based--with the choice of problems and the conduct of research often inspired by societal needs. An example is the work of the quantum-effects physicists who are probing the phenomena revealed by the miniaturization of semiconductors from the time of the transistor's discovery after World War II. On this revised, interactive view of science and technology, Stokes builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research we can frame a new compact between science and government. His conclusions have major implications for both the scientific and policy communities and will be of great interest to those in the broader public who are troubled by the current role of basic science

The article analyzes the paradigmatic shift in contemporary basic science. Analyzed the worldview of the last discoveries in fundamenta lphysics and astrophysics.

Between 1980 and 1985 representatives of academic science changed their policy positions, moving from veneration of basic or fundamental research to promotion of entrepreneurial science. This change is examined through research university presidents' testimony before the U.S. Congress. The presidents' move from "fruits of research" narratives that emphasize the benefits of basic science to narratives that celebrate technology based on fundamental research in "orders of magnitude more production from the efforts of orders of magnitude less workers. " This change reflects presidents' endorsement of conservative policy initiatives that depend on privatization, deregulation, and commercialization of science. These policies will probably result in major realignments within research universities, with institutional managers, scientists, and graduate students in the physical sciences involved in entrepreneurial activity receiving privileges and rewards that other faculty and students do not.