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International audience The present contribution aims to analyse Irish women's engagement in the wake,during, and in the aftermath of the War of Independence against Britain (1919-21) through membership of the all-female revolutionary movement called Cumannna mBan. This organization was characterized by its social, cultural and religiousdiversity, which was federated under the Republican banner, to the detrimentof more militant agendas, notably feminism. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari'sphilosophical analysis of the structure of the State and of the nature of oppositionmovements as developed in A Thousand Plateaus (1980) will provide a theoreticalexplanation for Cumann na mBan's diversity and how it was born out of a colonial,male-dominated social model. Part One will describe the key features of thisdiversity by reference to the Deleuzian concept of the "Rhizome" characterized byits non-causal, non-linear structure. Part Two will focus on the different mannersin which Cumann na mBan can be considered as the expression of a "becomingwoman",especially in the way it challenged the British State Appatarus in Irelandand its masculine nature with reference to the concept of "Faciality". Finally, PartThree will stress the reasons why this common engagement of women was shortlivedby analyzing it as a "becoming-minoritarian" War Machine, the aim of whichis the question the legitimacy of a State Apparatus from the outside; in the caseof Ireland, the State remained identical in nature and structure – only its nationalidentity changed. ; Le présent article est une analyse de l'engagement des femmes irlandaises dans l'organisation révolutionnaire féminine Cumann na mBan à la veille, pendant et après la guerre d'indépendance (1919-21). Hétérogénéité sociale, culturelle et religieuse sont les caractéristiques principales des membres d'un mouvement qui s'est fédéré autour de l'idéal républicain, au détriment d'autres revendications, féministes notamment. L'apport de la philosophie de Deleuze et Guattari à l'analyse politique ...

How does the derridian deconstruction take place, does it play the structure of Lévi-Strauss against itself, starting from its major concept, namely the structure? Even more radically, how does it turn through its astonishing subversion power, to play the structure against itself, against its own specific structure, i.e. its internal complexity? Finally, how does it inherit the structure of its anti-ethnocentrism and thus its generous inclination in favour of alterity and difference? This is what we will have to understand here as the engineering of deconstruction: a troublesome, reversing thought, still in debt, but of debt with no hope of being settled in full. ; International audience Abstract: How Derrida's deconstruction is doing, it plays the structuralism of Levi-Strauss against itself, in other words against what it has as its major concept, namely the structure? More radically still, how it comes by her amazing poser of subversion, to play against the structure itself against what is proper to it, namely its structurality, in other words its internal complexity? Finally, how it inherits structuralism its anti-ethnocentrism and, therefore, its generous tilt in favor of otherness and difference? That is what we must understand here as the genius of deconstruction: a disturbing thought, stunning, still in debt, certainly, but a hopeless debt to be ended completely. Keywords: deconstruction, structuralism, structure, relationship, writing, relatives ; How does the derridian deconstruction take place, does it play the structure of Lévi-Strauss against itself, starting from its major concept, namely the structure? Even more radically, how does it turn through its astonishing subversion power, to play the structure against itself, against its own specific structure, i.e. its internal complexity? Finally, how does it inherit the structure of its anti-ethnocentrism and thus its generous inclination in favour of alterity and difference? This is what we will have to understand here as the engineering of ...

part of the file "Perspectives: new policies "The change of time is not the one we believe. The opportunity for new road mobility was emerging, albeit under severe constraints. The idea that we are changing from time to time was greatly developed at the end of 2015 at COP21. The concept of ecological and energy transition follows the same logic, recalling the constraints associated with a 'finished world'. Mobility is stuck as it causes greenhouse gas emissions and various nuisances such as insecurity, air pollution, noise, etc. These challenges have long been known. They were already addressed in 1982 in the LOTI, in 1996 in the Laure Act or in 2000 in the SRU Act, which, inter alia, introduced urban travel plans (UPs). What has happened since then, what is the time changing? ; partie du dossier "Perspectives : de nouvelles politiques" Le changement d'époque n'est pas celui que l'on croit. L'opportunité de nouvelles mobilités routières se fait jour, mais sous de fortes contraintes. L'idée que nous changeons d'époque a été beaucoup développée à la fin de l'année 2015 lors de la COP21. La notion de transition écologique et énergétique s'inscrit dans la même logique, en rappelant les contraintes liées à un « monde fini ». La mobilité est interpellée dans la mesure où elle est à l'origine d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre et des diverses nuisances que constituent l'insécurité, la pollution de l'air, le bruit, etc. Ces défis sont connus depuis longtemps. Ils étaient déjà abordés en 1982 dans la LOTI, en 1996 dans la loi LAURE ou en 2000 dans la loi SRU qui ont, entre autres, instauré les plans de déplacements urbains (PDU). Qu'y a-t-il de nouveau depuis, en quoi serait-on en train de changer d'époque ?

Taking into account a certain 'proximity' is one of the basic principles of waste management. However, this principle is neither clearly defined in the law nor clearly applied. Proximity is also linked to the new concept of circular economy (which highlights the local territorial framework), without including a spatial dimension in its definition. The aim of this text is to understand how the principle of proximity of waste management is implemented according to the different treatment routes, in order to question its penetration of the circular economy concept. The methodology developed is based on the identification of the metabolism of several French cities, as well as on interviews with stakeholders in the field. The application of the proximity principle seems to be based on variable geometry depending on the sector. Some are managed locally, such as heavy, putrescible or final waste. On the contrary, others export their waste more widely (high added value waste or hazardous waste). We will then identify the criteria that shape this reading according to the sectors and actors involved. The structuring of new chains of responsibility Widening the Producer makes this spatial analysis more complex. This diversity of situations makes it possible to look at the scale of implementation of a circular economy. ; International audience The proximity principle is one of the main obligations in the European and French regulations regarding waste management. However, this principle isn't really implemented as it isn't well defined in the law. Proximity is also linked to the new consensual concept of circular economy, which highlights the local scale (even if the local is not mentioned in its definition). The objective of this text is to understand the implementation of the proximity principle in the concept of circular economy according to the waste recycling chains. The methodology is based on analyzing the urban metabolism for few cities and interviewing stakeholders of waste management.The implementation of ...

from an etymological point of view, the word 'waste', derived from the verb dechoir, means, from the age of age, the part which is lost. At the beginning of the 19th century, the word also characterises a deceased person. It should be stressed that it is close to the concept of obsolescence. How also do you not mention G. Bataille's share. Waste can be considered as one of the possible analysers of the functioning of a society as it is representative of social relationships, differences in classes, duality between men and women (male waste may be substantially different from female waste), cultural differences between societies (see archaeology of palaethic bins), or hygiene concepts which form the basis for the difference between clean and dirty, dirty being the first step in a sort of waste life cycle. The relationship to waste can also be regarded as a matter of institutional construction (1975 in France with the creation of the Ministry of the Environment). He also raised the question of the relationship between biological society (the family universe and its domestic waste), civil society (economic with industrial waste, non-economic with the debate on the place of NGOs in waste) and political society (existence of a ministry responsible for the matter, public policies expressed both in terms of subsidies and incentives and for the alternative between collection and what happens after the issue of environmental protection). ; D'un point de vue étymologique, le mot de « déchet », dérivé du verbe déchoir, signifie, à partir du Moyen-âge, la part qui est perdue. Au début du XIX° siècle, le mot caractérise également une personne dégénérée. Il faut en souligner la proximité avec la notion d'obsolescence. Comment ne pas mentionner non plus La part maudite de G. Bataille. Il est possible de considérer le déchet comme étant un des analyseurs possibles du fonctionnement d'une société dans la mesure où ils sont représentatifs de rapports sociaux, de différences de classes, de la dualité hommes / femmes (les déchets ...

This tribute to Mathieu Hilgers shows the journey and work of an anthropologist who marked his discipline. Political anthropology owes it to important and innovative debates around the concepts of semi-authoritarianism, community of belonging and indigenous peoples, concepts which are today firmly resonant in the analysis of African news. In the field of the city's anthropology, it is illustrated by his reflection on the methodological conditions for ethnology in medium-sized cities. Its contribution to Burkina Faso's knowledge, African studies and our discipline is and will remain significant. ; This tribute to Mathieu Hilgers retraces the career and work of an anthropologist who made his mark on the discipline. Political anthropology is indebted to him for important and pioneering debates on the notions of semi-authoritarianism, collectivity of belonging and autochthony, notions that resonate strongly today in the analysis of current events in Africa. In the field of urban anthropology, he distinguished himself through his reflections on the methodological prerequisites for an anthropology of midsized towns. His contribution to the knowledge of Burkina Faso, to African Studies and to our discipline, is significant and will also remain so. ; This tribute to Mathieu Hilgers shows the journey and work of an anthropologist who marked his discipline. Political anthropology owes it to important and innovative debates around the concepts of semi-authoritarianism, community of belonging and indigenous peoples, concepts which are today firmly resonant in the analysis of African news. In the field of the city's anthropology, it is illustrated by his reflection on the methodological conditions for ethnology in medium-sized cities. Its contribution to Burkina Faso's knowledge, African studies and our discipline is and will remain significant. ; Cet hommage à Mathieu Hilgers retrace le parcours et les travaux d'un anthropologue qui a marqué sa discipline. L'anthropologie politique lui doit des débats importants et ...

International audience The case presented here shows how a set of Lacanian concepts can be useful for analysing the behaviour of the employees' representatives in a factory belonging to a large globalized and financialised corporation and threatened with closure. We identify a central characteristic of this organization (the obliteration of symbolic authority) to identify the psychic processes the employees' representatives go through as a result of this characteristic and the impact in terms of their difficulties in exerting resistance. We rest our analysis on the distinction Lacan makes between utterance and enunciation and make use of the concepts of master signifier, symbolic authority, fantasy and superego. We show that in this case the absence of symbolic authority leads the staff representatives to be taken over by the fantasy of a tyrannical and unbarred Other that has the absolute power to close down the factory at any time, and to feel guilty that they never do enough, a typical sense of guilt resulting from the superego's unfulfillable demands. This theory is also relevant for understanding the paradoxes of resistance: the staff representatives will need to reintroduce a symbolic authority so as to be able to start resisting and no longer be overwhelmed by the fantasy of an unbarred Other. We emphasize the benefits of using a Lacanian approach for understanding how discursive, psychic and emotional processes are joined in the power relations characteristic of a global capitalist corporation, and reflect on the structural conditions in which resistance is possible in contemporary organizations.

This article seeks to shed new light on the operational logic of the concept as a tool producing system and, consequently, on the very design of the Tools in the pro-European and eastern context. Research carried out for several years on levaleso-mousterian levels of the Umm el Tlel site in Central Syria has revealed numerous asphalt lithic remains, which are indisputable signs of the use of manoeuvring, or at least of intermediaries between the hand and the silex part of a tool, by fossil men. Technical and traceological analyses of macro- and micro-residues of bitumen and traces of manoeuvring present on a number of predetermined products, derived from the levaleso-mousterian levels of Umm el Tlel (complex VI3 and layer VI3d), show that manching appears to be an ubiquitous component fully integrated with the Lemlois production systems. The embedded tool seems to be increasingly an inherent design of the lithic production systems of the average Palaethic; we will see that, with the Legislation, this view is exacerbated by the ability of this method to anticipate and integrate, in its technical predetermination criteria, two inseparable and interacting functional parts: a sharp, standardised and diversified transformative part and a grasping part, which is also standardised and meets grip standards. ; International audience This article sheds new light on the operatory logic of the Levallois concept for tool production and, in consequence, on the concept itself of Levallois tools in Near Eastern context. Ongoing research of the Levallois-Mousterian levels at Umm el Tlel, in Central Syria, has revealed many lithic artefacts with bitumen traces, incontestable evidence for hafting, or at least an intermediary between the hand and the flint tool, by prehistoric hominins. Technical analyses of predetermined removals from the Levallois-Mousterian levels (complex VI3 and level VI3d') and use-wear analysis of macro-and micro-residues of bitumen and hafting traces on the tools show that hafting is an omnipresent ...