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The main aim of this article was to introduce and rationale the concept of "being-upon-time", which based on the temporality and the time of human life and of all things (existence). This article explicated questions, which are related with the unity of being and time, based on things (existence). Explicates life and existence as a unity of being and time, displayed that things and life are not identical.

This article examined the role of freedom for life and belief in the context of postmodern philosophy through the prism of concepts of "simulacrum" and "double (similar)". There is examined the relationship of freedom in classical and postmodern philosophies. There is examined interaction of the two poles of the modern world (post-modern and classical) in the framework of the policy of multiculturalism and tolerance through the prism of concepts of "simulacrum" and "twin". There is make the conclusion about the absence of ontological reason for being and belief as being replaced by chaos, and belief is impossible without free will and thinking, which are replaced by machine of desire, spontaneity, that is associated with decoding the discourses and decrease the role of culture in human life.

The author pay attention on the problem еthic of the sufism in the relative field ethos, when the ethical thought … the man experience the difficultys in the cultural and spiritual attitude, anexample for his the gods, to spend the time in the intence reconnaissance raid of the meaning life and further life program. Trying to save his individuality, the man long the best shape, but no strugle with the realism, for touch the ethical sufism. The different cultures and the different traditions, inherent to the peoples of the Russia, compile the unity carpet of the unitycultur field of the ethoc. Showing influence jn the each concrete man, the ethos how the general ways and manners of the mankind – has the right to give for him the suchas field of the activities, the such as possibility for the interaction with another culturs, which can to fortify in him the belief the hope on the further perspective of the life, in which no was sinking performance and more concrete useful and construction actions, so need the further time. The unity of the culture must to bring to the allworld, global prossec: from integration – to the trancformation of the social structures.

Transformation of the industrial relations in the European countries is often associated with the expansion of various non-standard forms of employment, among which is temporary or fixed-term employment. Fixed-term contracts are associated with erosion of the existing social model, and can affect objective (like earnings and working conditions) as well as subjective (like satisfaction or feelings of stress) workers' well-being. The focus of this study is the subjective well-being of those who have fixed-term employment contract in comparison with holders of the open-ended contract. Sociological research literature sees often temporary employment as "precarious" and "socially deficient", and associated with a very low level of social well-being. This study tries to show that the relationship between the type of employment contract and subjective well-being is not simple and causal, and reflects the impact of confounding factors like the quality of human capital and the composition of jobs filled with temporary workers. This conclusion has important implications for economic and social policy. The empirical analysis exploits data from the European Social Survey (ESS, 2012– 2016) and looks at such dimensions as life and job satisfaction, social status assessment, psychological depression and anxiety, expectations of losing work and income over the next 12 months. The results indicate ambiguity of the effect of temporary employment on the subjective assessments. Different indicators respond differently to the type of contract. Workers with similar human capital and occupying comparable jobs tend to show comparable levels of present subjective well-being regardless of the contract type they possess. However, fixed-term contracts are more likely to generate depression, anxiety and uncertainty about future prospects.

Since the beginning of the 2000s, subjective well-being of the Russians was growing due to growing incomes and strengthening optimism about the future. However, the worsening economic situation following the crisis in 2008 did not cause the expected fall in subjective well-being rates. One plausible explanation is the growth of national pride. In this paper, it is tested whether or not national pride positively and causally affect happiness and life satisfaction of Russians. Possible compensatory properties of national pride - its hypothetical stronger effect for individuals with low incomes and poor health - are also being investigated. Data: integrated database of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study containing survey data for Russia from 1990 to 2017. Methods: linear regression with instrumental variables. Results: the effect of national pride on subjective well-being is positive and statistically significant (β = 0.26, p-value <0.001), the effect persists while using instrumental variables (β = 0.92, p-value <0.001); the effect is stronger in the period after 2008, as well as for people with low incomes.

This article reveals that, despite Russian regions being very different from each other when it comes to a great many socio-economic and socio-cultural properties (population income level and living standards, various features of the socio-cultural environment, social optimism, degree of religiosity and so on), those who live in regions far removed from the capital cities, given their lower level of personal income, tend to be more satisfied with their lives and demonstrate a higher level of social wellbeing, according to data from various sociological surveys. Based on empirical data, the authors argue that material aspects are not the only factors which affect subjective wellbeing in any given region. The goal of the study is to analyze the differentiation in the level of subjective wellbeing of the population of various Russian regions, which implies identifying and comparatively analyzing those factors which help interpret these differences. The primary research method is regression analysis of data from sociological surveys conducted in 2012 using the World Values Survey method in nine regions and towns of federal significance: Moscow, Saint- Petersburg, Leningrad Province, Tambov, Tatarstan Republic, Chuvashia Republic, the Altai Krai, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis showed that there is indeed a connection between one's personal income level and their subjective wellbeing, while there is no such connection between one's subjective wellbeing and how wealthy their region is. This could be explained by the fact that people are more concerned with their personal income level than their region's income. Aside from income level, there are other factors which determine subjective wellbeing in any given region. Moscow is considered to be the wealthiest region, however, it also has the highest level of income inequality. Both individual income and income level in comparison to the reference group considerably affect respondents' subjective wellbeing, regardless of their region of residence. However, individual income has a stronger influence. That said it is in Moscow where subjective evaluation of one's income level and satisfaction with one's material status affect subjective wellbeing to the greatest extent, which is due to the fact that in Moscow both living standards and one's sense of subjective inequality are somewhat higher. The influence of other socio-demographic factors also varies from region to region. For the most part this study confirms Ronald Inglehart's concept of material factors playing a significant role in subjective wellbeing.

Well-being of countries depend on several factors. According to new institutional economics one of the main factors of national well-being is the level of institutional development. Drawing on econometric analysis, we prove this hypothesis and show that such indicators as constitutional culture, behavioral prerequisites and perception of institutions are indispensable for the well-being of a country. The paper presents various approaches to "measuring" these indicators and issues related to this.

The article analyzes phenomenon of physicality in the context of the concept of «flesh» and in frame the dichotomy of matter and ideas. There is considers materialistic, postmodern and Christian aspects. The materialistic aspect equalizes «body» and «flesh» concepts. The postmodern aspect transforms the «body» in the «soma». And the Christian aspect of the materiality of the body and postulates the possibility of spiritualization of flesh.

The nature and pace of social changes, global challenges and threats, the constant reproduction of social risks – all of these things speak to the problematic nature of the world's current social portrait. This allows us to point out that today, despite all of civilization's achievements, certain problems associated with the social well-being of a person, and society as a whole, remain unresolved. Social well-being is a multifactor construct, which itself is the result of a synthesis of causes and effects, a joining of objective and subjective factors; we are dealing with a systemic phenomenon, the categorization of which is distinguished by various facets and components which determine a person's social well-being, the degree of public safety and modern value-normative implications. In conjunction these parameters define and bring a person's social well-being to the forefront of the research and political agenda. The authors of this article insist that the study of the effect which objective processes occurring in society have on social well-being must be conducted in parallel with studying its subjective component, namely – a person's subjective evaluation of this construct's various aspects. Aside from that, special practical relevance is attributed to matters concerning the study of issues of social well-being in various social groups and cohorts, as well as within the regional context. Primorsky Krai, being part of the Far Eastern Federal District, possesses a distinct geographical, socio-economic and demographical specificity, while being an object of government strategic interests and goals; this is a territory where a plethora of innovative solutions aimed at stimulating the region's socio-economic development are being initiated and implemented. Nonetheless, despite the government's best efforts, the social effectiveness of these measures is not as pronounced as the current situation calls for them to be. The region is still in a state of demographic depression, with there being distinct sector-specific socio-economic and management issues. The article cites data collected by its authors while studying the subjective evaluation of the social well-being of Primorsky Krai's population. A regional-scale quantitative study was conducted in May of 2019 by means of questionnaire survey (n=780). The results of this study of the population's satisfaction with various aspects of life are generally favorable, with certain disparities having been recorded based on age and gender.

The article examines postmodern as the crisis in the being of human and society in terms of the unity of theory and practice. There is compares postmodern society with the communist and information. There is analysis some variants of development, especially European society in terms of a new source of passionate impulse: new ethno genesis in connection with the increase in the number of migrants, passionate impetus from the US, China, Russia, emergence of a new syncretic religion. The conclusion is that the difference between the post-modern and the freedom not to have an ontological character are only apparent. Postmodern tolerance is a consequence of the absence of ontological foundation of postmodern existence.

This article points out that the process of modernizing the Russian Federation's education system is aimed at developing such a professional body of teachers that would be prepared to solve issues associated with improving the quality of education. Given such a situation, the need arises for finding effective means of developing the professional competencies of teachers. One direction for modernizing the education system would be a national system of advancement for teachers, which postulates the need for creating the right conditions for the formal and informal training of educators. Given the context, socio-professional teachers' unions turn out to be especially vital. The goal of this study was to identify how active participation in the practices of such organizations is connected to a young teacher's professional growth. The study was conducted in Orel Province. Members of the regional young math teachers' association were selected to be the object of research, with questionnaire survey used as the research method. The study focused on several aspects of teaching: professional difficulties faced by young educators, the mentorship system, an educator's value orientations, professional growth. The results of the study allowed for identifying three groups of educators, the first one being young teachers who do not actively participate in educational events. The second group included teachers who do not share their own methodical expertise, but partake in seminars and master classes. The third group consists of educators who publically share their experience and are prepared to think of new ideas for future events. The article shows that the Association's active participation in various events significantly affected the individual value orientations of trade professionals. Those educators who shared their publically work experience demonstrated a higher degree of professional aptitude in performing their jobs within the national system of teachers' training. ctive efforts as members of the Association helped young educators quickly adapt within their professional community and establish firm social connections with their colleagues. The authors suggest the need for developing a system of mentorship in educational institutions, which would utilize resources provided by socio-professional teachers' unions.

The article applies a multidisciplinary approach and investigates the viability of using an integrative characteristic of psychological security to assess macrosocial situation regionally and nationally. The paper is based on the data drawn from European Values Study (EVS). The countries and Russian federal districts were ranged according to the following parameters: subjective well-being, generalized trust, institutional trust, and psychological security. The results suggest that, compared with residents of other EVS member countries, the level of subjective well-being among Russians is extremely low. Only Bulgaria has a lower position. On the other pole of the scale are Switzerland, Iceland and Norway. In terms of generalized trust the list of 30 countries is headed by Denmark, with Albania at the bottom of the list. Unfortunately, Russia cannot be found among the countries with the highest levels of generalized trust. By European standards, Russia has an average level of institutional trust in the list, with Bulgaria at the bottom, and Norway remaining and the top. Of all participant countries, seven have lower levels of psychological security than Russia; Bulgaria and Albania have the lowest standings; the most favorable situation is in Finland and Norway. The study also reveals leaders and outsiders among Russian federal districts and describes strong and weak points of psychological security in Russia.

In socio-humanitarian disciplines, the process of compiling an exhaustive list of domains for studying health and related concepts of well-being and quality of human life is ongoing. The purpose of the article is to consider the current conceptual framework for studying and measuring health and well-being, and, subsequently, develop the fundamental foundations (list of main domains) of the methodological complex for screening and assessing the health of children, adolescents and youth in the educational environment. Based on theoretical analysis, the following main domains for studying health were identified: a) outcome indicators of physical, mental health and subjective well-being; b) resources of health and well-being at intrapersonal, social and environmental levels; c) patterns of health-related behavior; d) readiness to ask for help and use the existing social and environmental resources.

German-Austrian cultural studies at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are characterized by a "new interest" in medieval preaching. If earlier it was studied by theology, literary criticism, linguistics and history as a document fixing the status quo, the existing state of affairs in a particular area - ethical norms, genre features, functioning features (pragmatics), grammatical forms and evidence of events - now preaching explored in its orientation to the future, as a genre within which promising models of behavior are developed.

We provide here information on youth projects of the Inter-regional Scholarly and Educational Center for the investigation of V.S. Solovyov's legacy (the Solovyov Seminar). We note the importance of using various extracurricular means to introduce students to the theoretical and practical aspects of V.S. Solovyov's legacy and those of other representatives of Russian philosophy and culture. This essay provides a survey of the student-run scholarly conference "Ideas, Events, People: Through the Pages of the Journal Solovyov Studies," marking the journal's 20th anniversary. We give an analysis of the topics presented at the conference and identify the philosophical problems that aroused the greatest interest among the participants.