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The Templars were the first religious military order dedicated to warfare, and, to them, the anticipation of a meritorious death in battle was a key characteristic that was unique to their profession. Not only the order's Rule and early theological texts addressed to the Templar community, such as the writings of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, but also a wide range of external sources, including chronicles and trial records, suggest that the Templars were particularly associated with martyrdom as the most original form of Christian sanctity, namely in imitation of Christ's own sacrifical death. This article aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Templar spirituality and discusses the implications of this concept's manifestation throughout the order's history. ; The Templars were the first religious military order dedicated to warfare, and, to them, the anticipation of a meritorious death in battle was a key characteristic that was unique to their profession. Not only the order's Rule and early theological texts addressed to the Templar community, such as the writings of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, but also a wide range of external sources, including chronicles and trial records, suggest that the Templars were particularly associated with martyrdom as the most original form of Christian sanctity, namely in imitation of Christ's own sacrifical death. This article aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Templar spirituality and discusses the implications of this concept's manifestation throughout the order's history.

The Templars were the first religious military order dedicated to warfare, and, to them, the anticipation of a meritorious death in battle was a key characteristic that was unique to their profession. Not only the order's Rule and early theological texts addressed to the Templar community, such as the writings of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, but also a wide range of external sources, including chronicles and trial records, suggest that the Templars were particularly associated with martyrdom as the most original form of Christian sanctity, namely in imitation of Christ's own sacrifical death. This article aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Templar spirituality and discusses the implications of this concept's manifestation throughout the order's history. ; The Templars were the first religious military order dedicated to warfare, and, to them, the anticipation of a meritorious death in battle was a key characteristic that was unique to their profession. Not only the order's Rule and early theological texts addressed to the Templar community, such as the writings of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, but also a wide range of external sources, including chronicles and trial records, suggest that the Templars were particularly associated with martyrdom as the most original form of Christian sanctity, namely in imitation of Christ's own sacrifical death. This article aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Templar spirituality and discusses the implications of this concept's manifestation throughout the order's history.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ; The saint in folklore -- The saint as a citizen of two worlds -- The saint and society -- Augustine and the cosmos of the saint -- Bernard of Clairvaux -- St. Francis and Lady Poverty -- The saint and the middle class -- The saint and the democratic myth -- Epilogue. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"This wide-ranging study includes such topics as the background to the First Crusade, the Knights Templar, Bernard of Clairvaux, the Cistercian Order, the works of Peter the Venerable, apocalyptic hopes and fears, and martyrdom in the context of Christian conflicts with Islam. The book also examines papal documents, Spanish polemics, crusade chronicles, and other works"--Provided by publisher

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- PART I THE PATRISTIC TRADITION -- Athanasius: Kierkegaard's Curious Comment -- Augustine: Kierkegaard's Tempered Admiration of Augustine -- Bernard of Clairvaux: Kierkegaard's Reception of the Last of the Fathers -- Chrysostom: Between the Hermitage and the City -- Cyprian of Carthage: Kierkegaard, Cyprian, and the "urgent needs of the times" -- Gregory of Nyssa: Locating the Cappadocian Fathers in Kierkegaard's Church-Historical Narrative

In the tension between competing ideas of authority and the urge to literary experiment, writers of the High Middle Ages produced some of their most distinctive achievements. This book examines these themes in the high culture of Western Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, showing how the intimate links between the writer and the censor, the inquisitor and the intellectual developed from metaphors, at the beginning of the period, to institutions at its end. All Latin texts--from Peter Abelard to Bernard of Clairvaux, from the Archpoet to John of Salisbury and Alan of Lille--ar

Recent students of mysticism have sharply distinguished monistic from theistic mysticism. The former is more or less identified with the empty consciousness experience and the latter with the love mysticism of such figures as Bernard of Clairvaux. I argue that a sharp distinction between the two is unwarranted. Western medieval mystics, for example, combined the apophatic theology of Dionysius the Areopagite with the erotic imagery of the mystical marriage. Their experiences were clearly theistic but integrally incorporated 'monistic moments'. I conclude by discussing Nelson Pike's claim that these monistic moments were themselves phenomenologically theistic.

Very often, the medieval view on "gender" and "body" is depicted either unequivocally negative or just equivocal. According to this simplistic picture, a number of medieval men and women have been portrayed as alternately extremely misogynist and extremely submissive and self-suppressing. With the examples of Bernard of Clairvaux, Beatrice of Nazareth, Mechtild of Hackeborn, and Gertrud of Helfta, this article tries to differentiate more subtly the perception of the concepts "woman/female" and "man/male" by pointing to their function as symbols within the Christian tradition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the view on body/soul is not an expression of simple dualism.

Into the saturated sensorium: introducing the principles of perception and mediation in the Middle Ages -- Sensorium: a model for medieval perception -- Incarnation: paradoxes of perception and mediation in medieval liturgical art -- Sanctity: the saint and the senses : the case of Bernard of Clairvaux -- Representation: courtly love as a problem of literary sense-representation -- Remediation: remediating medieval popular ballads in Scandinavian church paintings -- Devotion: perception as practice and body as devotion in late medieval piety -- Ritual: medieval liturgy and the senses: the case of the mandatum -- Environment: Embodiment and senses in eleventh- to thirteenth-century churches in southern Scandinavia -- Consumption: meals, miracles, and material culture in the later Middle Ages -- Memory: the sensory materiality of belief and understanding in late medieval Europe