Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- The organization of life on land: biomes -- Mountains as cradles of biodiversity -- Our influence on the future -- Biography -- Biography of Editors -- Glossary -- About the Companion Website -- 1 Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity: an Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What are Mountains? -- 1.3 The Physiography of Mountains and Patterns of Biodiversity -- 1.4 Plate Tectonics, Mountain Building and the Biological (R)evolution -- 1.5 Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity: A Short Overview -- 1.6 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I: Mountains, Relief and Climate -- 2 Simple Concepts Underlying the Structure, Support and Growth of Mountain Ranges, High Plateaus and Other High Terrain -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Support of High Terrain: Isostasy -- 2.3 Plate Tectonics and High Terrain -- 2.4 The Growth of Mountain Ranges and High Plateaus -- 2.5 Destruction of Mountain Ranges and Other High Terrain -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 An Overview of Dynamic Topography: The Influence of Mantle Circulation on Surface Topography and Landscape -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 What is Dynamic Topography? -- 3.3 Residual Topography -- 3.4 Modeling of Mantle Flow -- 3.5 Interaction of Dynamic Topography with the Landscape -- 3.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Mountain Relief, Climate and Surface Processes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relationships Between Climate, Erosion and Relief: Models and Concepts -- 4.3 Measuring (Changes in) Erosion Rates in Mountain Belts -- 4.4 Reconstructing Relief Change in Mountain Belts -- 4.5 Discussion: Is There a Climatic Control on Mountain‐Belt Erosion and Relief? -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Dating mountain Building: Exhumation and Surface Uplift -- 5.1 Introduction

International audience ; About one-third of the world's land surface is used for farming, a fact that bears important implications for biodiversity. In Europe, for instance, an estimated 50 percent of all wild species are reliant on agricultural habitats, while agricultural productivity often depends on the presence or absence of particular species. Despite this close coupling, surprisingly little is known about the status and evolution of farmland biodiversity. A team of European and African researchers, hoping to fill this gap in information, recently invented and piloted a new toolbox called the BioBio indicator set, which measures 23 different instances of biodiversity across a variety of farm types and scales in Europe. Applications were also tested in Tunisia, Ukraine, and Uganda, where they proved a feasible starting point for adaptation to the agricultural context of different countries.

The halophiles are a large unexplored reservoir of biodiversity and are a potential source for industry, agriculture and environment. The highlights include the distribution of the halophiles, their adaptation in different stress conditions, and mining of their unique antimicrobial and enzymatic potential. These poly extremophiles are excellent source of enzymes and metabolites possessing inherent ability to function in extreme conditions viz., high salt, alkaline pH and facilitating catalysis for biotechnological application in food processing, industrial bioconversion and bioremediation. In brief, we have just begun to realize the great potential and true extent of diversity and suitable industrial applications possible from halophiles

"The United Nations declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity. This emphasis on the significance of biodiversity for human existence and well-being reveals just how important expanding biodiversity conservation really is. Against this background the question arises as to how much global learning can contribute to maintaining biodiversity." (author's abstract)

The advancement of knowledge about life on the planet—its origins, preservation, and loss of species and environments—is dependent on access and reference to library collections. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a global digital library that serves the biodiversity research community, as well as a widening circle of those interested in learning more about life. Through an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries and in close collaboration with researchers, bioinformaticians, publishers, and information technology professionals, BHL has democratized access to biodiversity information and revolutionized research worldwide, allowing everyone, everywhere to study and explore life on Earth.

Metadata only record ; The project will cover a total of around 5,000 hectares. It aims first at restoring forest corridors linking fragmented habitats between the Analamazaotra Special Indri Lemur Reserve, the Maromizaha Private Forest and Mantadia National Park complex in east-central Madagascar. These parks are at the core of the remaining fragments of the Malagasy rainforest, are extremely rich in terms of biodiversity, and continue to be severely deforested. Second, the project will also establish sustainable forest and fruit gardens that will provide alternative livelihoods to local communities and a buffer around the corridor. In addition, the project aims at protecting an area of 80,000 ha of prime or degraded forest north of the corridor, so as to maintain continuity up to Zahamena National Park, located approximately 100km to the north. The overall goal is to enhance the viability of the livelihoods of both people and native biodiversity, while mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases. The additional income from the carbon sequestration is essential to the realization of this goal. More specifically, the project will establish natural forest corridors allowing viable biological connectivity among several currently isolated forests and protected areas and promote sustainable cultivation systems. The forest gardens are envisioned to comprise a significant proportion of local forest plants (primarily Ravensara aromatica, which can be planted so as to mimic local forests in both structure and function). The project falls under the umbrella of the Third Environment Program of the Republic of Madagascar, a $150M program to protect natural resources in the Island supported by major environmental NGOs, bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank (IDA) and the Global Environmental Facility. This Program implements the National Environmental Action Plan of the Government. ; PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)

Food Webs and Biodiversity: Foundations, Models, Data -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Symbols -- Part I: Preliminaries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models and Theories -- 2.1 The usefulness of models -- 2.2 What models should model -- 2.3 The possibility of ecological theory -- 2.4 Theory-driven ecological research -- 3 Some Basic Concepts -- 3.1 Basic concepts of food-web studies -- 3.2 Physical quantities and dimensions -- Part II: Elements of Food-Web Models -- 4 Energy and Biomass Budgets -- 4.1 Currencies of accounting -- 4.2 Rates and efficiencies -- 4.3 Energy budgets in food webs -- 5 Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates -- 5.1 Scales and scaling -- 5.2 Allometric scaling -- 6 Population Dynamics -- 6.1 Basic considerations -- 6.1.1 Exponential population growth -- 6.1.2 Five complications -- 6.1.3 Environmental variability -- 6.2 Structured populations and density-dependence -- 6.2.1 The dilemma between species and stages -- 6.2.2 Explicitly stage-structured population dynamics -- 6.2.3 Communities of structured populations -- 6.3 The Quasi-Neutral Approximation -- 6.3.1 The emergence of food webs -- 6.3.2 Rana catesbeiana and its resources -- 6.3.3 Numerical test of the approximation -- 6.4 Reproductive value -- 6.4.1 The concept of reproductive value -- 6.4.2 The role of reproductive value in the QNA -- 6.4.3 Body mass as a proxy for reproductive value -- 7 From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths -- 7.1 Functional and numerical responses -- 7.2 Three models for functional responses -- 7.2.1 Linear response -- 7.2.2 Type II response -- 7.2.3 Type II response with prey switching -- 7.2.4 Strengths and weaknesses of these models -- 7.3 Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths -- 7.3.1 The ontology of trophic link strengths -- 7.3.2 Variability of trophic link strengths.