Suchergebnisse

The study aims to report an extension project completion entitled "Cinema, Health and Bioethics", organized by the Research Center for Bioethics and Collective Health (NUPEBISC) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), in partnership with public institutions of health. The project enables the rapprochement between university and health services, discussing some issues related to the work process in health, care and management policies to the Unified Health System (SUS) in the light of the theoretical framework of Daily Bioethics by Giovanni Berlinguer. The project's first experience was in 2010, and it is still in progress. It enables the participation and integration of new subjects such as workers, undergraduate and post-graduate students. The working method to trigger reflection and debate is through cinematographic works selected from a list provided by the research group and elected by the participants according to their interests. During each of the five sections that make up each project's edition, the participants have the opportunity to reflect more deeply on relevant ethical topics in their daily lives. That has been considered an exciting time of health permanent education according to the assessment performed by the subjects, in the end. It is worth mentioning that the method encourages participation and provides subsidies for anchoring produced reflections, facilitates more critical, ethical and political analyses. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This book discusses the philosophical foundations of bioethics, with a particular focus on the tensions and potential dilemmas generated by the intuitionist meta-ethical commitments of the predominant normative theory, namely "the four principles approach." This view is based on the prima facie norms of respect for autonomy (one ought to respect the autonomous choices of subjects of scientific research/patients), non-maleficence (one ought to refrain from inflicting harm), beneficence (one ought to do good and prevent, or remove, harm) and justice (one ought to treat people fairly). The tensions in applying these basic principles may lead to inaction in scientific experiments involving human subjects or to arbitrary applications of the norms in the art of caring. The problem can be made explicit in these terms: on the one hand, caring without respecting seems blind, degenerating into forms of paternalism when, for instance, the carer imposes her conception of the good life or a particular procedure on the cared-for; on the other hand, respecting without caring amounts to indifference or individualism when, for example, a person does not look after a vulnerable being properly. The initial hypothesis of this book, then, is that the concept of respectful care can be built up, working from an ethico-philosophical perspective, to be a leading notion capable of guiding our daily actions and bioethical practices

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Notes on Contributors -- Disability Bioethics: Introduction to The Disability Bioethics Reader -- PART I: History, Medicine, and Disability -- 1 A Short History of Modern Medicine and Disability -- 2 Eugenics, Disability, and Bioethics -- 3 Theories of Disability -- PART II: Bioethics: Past and Present -- 4 A Critical History of Bioethics -- 5 Methods of Bioethics -- 6 Disability Bioethics: From Theory to Practice -- PART III: Philosophy of Medicine and Phenomenology -- 7 Disability and the Definition of Health -- 8 The Lived Experiences of Illness and Disability -- PART IV: Prenatal Testing and Abortion -- 9 Abortion, Disability Rights, and Reproductive Justice -- 10 A Fatal Attraction to Normalizing: Treating Disabilities as Deviations from "Species-Typical" Functioning -- 11 Being Disabled and Contemplating Disabled Children -- 12 The Wrongs of 'Wrongful Birth': Disability, Race, and Reproductive Justice -- PART V: Disability, the Life Course, and Well-Being -- 13 Disability, Ideology, and Quality of Life: A Bias in Biomedical Ethics -- 14 The Case of Chronic Pain -- 15 Chronic Illness, Well-Being, and Social Values -- 16 Disability and Age Studies: Obstacles and Opportunities -- PART VI: Issues at the Edge and End of Life -- 17 Death, Pandemic, and Intersectionality: What the Failures in an End-of-Life Case Can Teach about Structural Justice and COVID-19 -- 18 Disorders of Consciousness, Disability Rights, and Triage during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Even the Best of Intentions Can Lead to Bias -- 19 Bioethical Issues in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease -- 20 Between "Aid in Dying" and "Assisted Suicide": Disability Bioethics and the Right to Die.

This book explores the many connections that bioethical thinking has with social reality. Bioethics, if it is to be effective, must engage with and address the actualities of modern life: policies, regulations, markets, opinions, and technological advances. In these original contributions fifteen notable scholars working in the North West of England take on this challenge. The series Values in Bioethics makes available original philosophical books in all areas of bioethics, including medical and nursing ethics, health care ethics, research ethics, environmental ethics, and global bioethics

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Rights and Justice -- I. Human Rights -- II. The Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights (UNBHR) -- III. Socioeconomic "Determinants" -- IV. Globalization and Global Ethics -- V. Sustainability and Distribution -- VI. Distributive Justice -- VII. Social Minimum -- VIII. Redistribution -- A. Participatory Parity -- B. Recognition -- IX. Identity -- X. Empowerment and Capabilities -- Chapter 2 -- Medicine in Health and Disease -- I. On Health and Disease -- II. Health -- III. Illness, Disease and the Clinical Encounter -- IV. Medicalization -- V. Disease Mongering -- Chapter 3 -- Strategies of Biomedical Research -- I. Research and the Reliability of Information -- II. Biomedical Research -- III. Research Regulations and Guides -- IV. The Pharmaceutical Industry -- V. Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases -- VI. Commercialization of Research -- VII. Patents and Data Exclusivity -- VIII. Patents and Prices -- IX. The 10/90 Gap -- X. Offshoring -- XI. Double Standard in Research Ethics -- Chapter 4 -- Neglected and Rare Diseases -- I. Ethical Meaning of Neglect -- II. Neglect in Healthcare Contexts -- III. Poverty and Neglect -- IV. Emergent and Re-Emergent Infectious Diseases (EIDs and REIDs) -- V. Blue Marble Disease -- VI. Brazil and Texas: Case Studies -- VII. Rare Diseases -- Chapter 5 -- Medical Anthropology for Bioethics -- I. Anthropology and Bioethics -- II. Anthropology and the Nature of the Human -- III. The Transcendental Anthropological Conditions of the Human -- A. Relationality -- B. Mundane Transcendence -- C. Transcendence of the Self -- IV. Anthropology as Heuristics of Fear -- Chapter 6 -- Ethics and Neglected Diseases -- I. Ethical Aspects -- II. Solidarity -- III. Ethical Blindness -- IV. Neglected Diseases: Lifting the Veil -- V. Awareness of Harm -- Chapter 7.

Intro -- BIOETHICS: ISSUES AND DILEMMAS -- BIOETHICS: ISSUES AND DILEMMAS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 SURGICAL VACCINE: SHOULD MALE CIRCUMCISION BE MANDATORY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Introduction -- Medical Analysis -- Non-Medical Issues Surrounding Mandatory Male Circumcision -- Ethical Analysis -- Guidelines -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 MEDICAL ETHICS IN OBSTETRICS - A FRENCH EXPERIMENT -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) in Today's French Obstetrical Practice -- 1. Screening with Ultrasound Images -- 2. Screening with "Numbers": The Case of Trisomy 21 -- PND - The Eugenics Issue -- 1. A Renewed Ethical Question -- 2. Diagnosis or Prenatal Screening? -- 3. Individual Screening or Public Health Policy? -- 4. PND as a Profitable Practice? -- 5. PND: A Method Achieving Greater Results snd Practiced Earlier snd Earlier -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 THE "REAL WORLD" OF ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING: INSIGHTS FROM RESEARCH -- A Hospice Start -- From Hospice to High-Tech Care -- Turning the Focus to Mental Health -- Patient-Centred Care: Acute Medicine Provides Insights for A New Direction -- Dealing with Professional Conflict and Tension - An Ethical Issue -- End-of-Life Issues - The Most Challenging Ethical Issues for Acute Medicine -- Similar Issues in an Emergency Department -- Maintaining the Momentum -- Indigenous Informed Consent -- Ethics in Obstetrics - Informed Consent to Birth Choice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 THE RIGHTS OF FUTURE GENERATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS -- Abstract -- Historical Notes -- Origins and Development -- Hans Jonas -- The Two Principal Problems -- The Problem of Identity -- The Problemof Temporal Distance -- "Common Heritage" and "Capital" -- General Aspects -- Subject and Object.

A bioethics of biotechnology -- Biotechnology and bioethics -- Direct-to-consumer genetic testing -- The global regulatory pathways of biologies -- Biotechnology in the court of law -- Bioengineering and the idea of precision medicine -- Policy, bioethics and bioengineering.

"This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice. In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the 'non-identity problem' associated with many procreative decisions. Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all readers will benefit from the book's original synoptic vision of bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core"--

Section 1: Introduction -- Section 2: Principles of Global Bioethics -- Section 3: Cultural Perspectives -- Section 4: Religious Perspectives -- Section 5: Specific Issues from a Global Perspective -- Section 6: Future Perspectives -- Section 7: Countries.

ch. 1. A map of the terrain of ethics -- ch. 2. The Hippocratic Oath and it's challengers : a brief history -- ch. 3. Defining death, abortion, stem cells, and animal welfare : the basis of moral standing -- ch. 4. Problems in benefiting and avoiding harm to the patient -- ch. 5. The ethics of respect for persons : lying, cheating, and breaking promises and why physicians have considered them ethical -- ch. 6. The principle of avoiding killing -- ch. 7. Death and dying : the incompetent patient -- ch. 8. Social ethics of medicine : allocating resources, health insurance, transplantation, and human subjects research -- ch. 9. Human control of life : genetics, birth technologies and modifying human nature -- ch. 10. Resolving conflicts among principles -- ch. 11. The virtues of bioethics.

Human Genetics; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics; Ethics