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Blockchain, like the internet, or democracy, or money, is many overlapping things. It is a decentralized record of cryptocurrency transactions. It is a peer-to-peer network of computers. It is an immutable, add-on-only database. What gets confusing is the way in which these overlapping functions override one definition or explanation of blockchain, only to replace it with an altogether different one. The conceptual overlaps are like glass lenses dropped on top of one another, scratching each other's surface and confusing each other's focal dimensions. This guide takes apart the stack of these conceptual lenses and addresses them one by one through the reconstruction of the basic elements of blockchain technology. The first section of this report gives a short history of blockchain, then describes its main functionality, distinguishing between private and public blockchains. Next, the guide breaks down the components and inner workings of a block and the blockchain. The following section focuses on blockchain's journalistic applications, specifically by differentiating between targeted solutions that use blockchain to store important metadata journalists and media companies use on a daily basis, and hybrid solutions that include targeted solutions but introduce cryptocurrency, therein changing the journalistic business model altogether. Finally, the report speculates on the proliferation of what are known as Proof-of-Stake blockchain models, the spread of "smart contracts," and the potential of enterprise-level and government-deployed blockchains, all in relation to what these mean to newsrooms and the work of reporters.

Contents 1. Introduction -- 2. The institutional economics of blockchain -- 3. The universal turing institution -- 4. The microfoundations of ledgers -- 5. Money, dequity, and the barter economy of the future -- 6. Supply chains and identity -- 7. The V-form organisation and the future of the firm -- 8. Public policy in a blockchain era -- 9. Capitalism after Satoshi -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Intro -- Materialien zum Buch -- 1 Vorwort -- 1.1 Vorwort der Autoren -- 1.2 Geleitwort -- 2 Einführung -- 2.1 Was ist die Blockchain? -- 2.1.1 Herausforderungen des Internets -- 2.1.2 Die Blockchain -- 2.1.3 Die Blockchain als Problemlöser -- 2.2 Geschichte der Blockchain -- 2.2.1 Pioniere der Blockchain -- 2.2.2 Bitcoin -- 2.2.3 Altcoins -- 2.2.4 Blockchain 2.0 -- 2.2.5 Gegenwart und Zukunft -- 2.3 Anwendung der Blockchain-Technologie -- 2.3.1 Entscheidungskriterien für die Blockchain -- 2.3.2 Blockchain-Varianten -- 2.3.3 Branchen mit Blockchain-Potenzial -- 2.3.4 Realbeispiele für Blockchain-Anwendungen -- 2.4 Zusammenfassung -- 3 Die Basics: So funktioniert eine Blockchain -- 3.1 Kryptografische Grundlagen -- 3.1.1 Einführung in die Kryptografie -- 3.1.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) -- 3.1.3 Kryptografische Hashfunktionen -- 3.2 Die Blockchain -- 3.2.1 Transaktionen -- 3.2.2 Vom Block zur Blockchain -- 3.2.3 Das Blockchain-System -- 3.2.4 Weiterentwicklungen der Blockchain -- 3.3 Die Blockchain 2.0 -- 3.3.1 Einführung und Grundlagen -- 3.3.2 Accounts und State Trie -- 3.3.3 Transaktionen und Transaction Trie -- 3.3.4 Receipts und Receipts Trie -- 3.3.5 Vom Block zur Blockchain 2.0 -- 3.3.6 Das Blockchain-System 2.0 -- 3.3.7 Weiterentwicklung der Ethereum-Plattform -- 3.4 Alternative Konsensmodelle -- 3.4.1 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) -- 3.4.2 Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT) -- 3.4.3 Proof-of-Activity -- 3.4.4 Proof-of-Importance -- 3.4.5 Proof-of-Authority -- 3.4.6 Proof-of-Reputation -- 3.4.7 Proof-of-Capacity/Proof-of-Space -- 3.4.8 Proof-of-Elapsed-Time -- 3.4.9 Proof-of-Burn -- 3.5 Sicherheit der Blockchain -- 3.5.1 Blockchain und Informationssicherheit -- 3.5.2 Angriffsszenarien -- 3.6 Zusammenfassung -- 4 Eine eigene Blockchain erstellen - Grundfunktionen -- 4.1 Transaktionen - die kleinste Einheit.

The aim of this work is to understand the technological and business potential of the blockchain technology and to reflect on its legal challenges, providing an unparalleled critical analysis of the disruptive potential of this technology for the economy and the legal system.

Section 1. Understanding blockchain: The truth about blockchain: it will take years to transform business, but the journey begins now / Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani -- A brief history of blockchain: it's come a long way in 10 years / Vinay Gupta -- The blockchain will do to the financial system what the internet did to media: what we can learn from the evolution of another groundbreaking technology / Joichi Ito, Neha Narula, Robleh Ali -- Who controls the blockchain: no one, and everyone, by design / Patrick Murck -- How safe are blockchains? it depends: the security issues are different in public and private networks / Allison Berke -- What blockchain can't do: someone needs to verify the link between digital records and physical objects / Catherine Tucker and Christian Catalani -- Section 2. Blockchain and business: How blockchain is changing finance: it could reduce friction and costs / Alex Tapscott and Don Tapscott -- As cryptocurrencies rise, who needs banks?: it's a tough time to be a middleman / Antonio Fatás and Beatrice Weder di Mauro -- The hidden costs of initial coin offerings: ICOs are often at odds with how risky ventures are usually funded / Jeffrey Bussgang and Ramana Nanda -- Global supply chains are about to get better, thanks to blockchain: we'll be able to track goods between companies and across borders / Michael J. Casey and Pindar Wong -- What blockchain means for the sharing economy: the role of platforms will become less important / Primavera De Filippi -- How blockchain can help marketers build better relationships with their customers: for one, the technology can cut down on spam and fraud / Campbell R. Harvey, Christine Moorman, and Marc Toledo -- Blockchain could help artists profit more from their creative works: movie studios and record companies should take note / Don Tapscott and Alex Tapscott -- Section 3. The future of blockchain: Does your idea actually require blockchain?: what Chinese #MeToo activism teaches us about data integrity / Catherine Tucker and Yudan Pang -- How regulation could help cryptocurrencies grow: entrepreneurs sit on the sidelines for fear of innocently running afoul of the law / Stephen J. Obie and Mark W. Rasmussen -- Using blockchain to keep public data public: information is under attack / Brian Forde -- Blockchain will help us prove our identities in a digital world: and the benefits will accrue to all rungs of society / Michael Mainelli -- Making cryptocurrency more environmentally sustainable: in one year, blockchain activity used more power than 159 individual nations / Marc Blinder.

Purpose: The article addresses the issue of new scientific decisions shaping with respect to the study of problems, current trends and perspectives of blockchain technology usage in the Russian Federation. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives of this study the increasing interest to blockchain technology in Russia was discussed. Findings: The article determined main problems in blockchain technology which includes gaps in legislative regulation; the existence of a considerable number of projects that are undergoing the development stage and that have not proved own economic feasibility yet; incomplete understanding of the blockchain spheres' implementation by state officials, society and business representatives as well as expected outcomes according to the amount and time of their receiving; disputes on cryptocurrencies turnover in the country's territory and their influence in the national economy. Practical implications: The study has demonstrated the interest growth mainly by businesses to the usage of blockchain technology in order to improve own competitiveness and to obtain additional benefits, including the form of their profits. Originality/value: The research has also determined the area of further key studies in blockchain technology usage in Russia and the world. ; peer-reviewed

This edited collection offers a number of contributions from leading scholars investigating Blockchain and its implications for business. Focusing on the transformation of the overall value chain, the sections cover the foundations of Blockchain, its drivers and barriers, business modelling and a range of examples from industry. Using a number of theoretical and methodological approaches, this innovative publication aims to further the cause of this ground-breaking technology and its use within information technology, supply chain and wider business management research.

Purpose: This article considers the relevance of healthcare modernization processes in Russia in terms of marketing activities activation, public-private partnerships intensification. Design/Methodology/Approach: The problem of ensuring security when government and healthcare institutions interact by means of blockchain technologies is under-explored and requires further research and investigation. Therefore, methods of induction, deduction, problem, system and logical analysis along with the economic process and system modelling method combined with the formalization method are used in this article. Findings: A mechanism for effective ensuring the safety of interaction between the government and healthcare institutions using blockchain technologies in the course of conducting financial flows and operational information exchange in modern Russia is proposed. Practical Implications: The proposed mechanism for effective ensuring of security in terms of interaction between the government and the healthcare institution by means of blockchain technologies in modern Russia effectively ensures the security of interaction between the government and healthcare institutions . Originality/Value: Authors' findings could be introduced into the healthcare industry. ; peer-reviewed

Introduction -- Technologies of choosing -- A framework for institutional collective choice -- Delegating the vote -- Bargaining and exchange in a cryptodemocracy -- Cryptodemocratic corporate governance -- Cryptodemocratic labor unions -- The future of a cryptodemocracy.

While creating new forms (Shari'ah-compliant standards) to operationalize Islamic values and ethics into the current conventional economic system and banking products is crucial to sustain the Islamic economy as it is today, we also need to develop new strategies to cope with the next economic evolution. The digital revolution in financial services is under way, and digital disruption has the potential to shrink the role and relevance of today's banks, while simultaneously creating better, faster, cheaper services that will be an essential part of everyday life. This forward-looking book discusses the crucial innovation, structural and institutional development for financial technologies (fintech) in Islamic finance. The authors explain concepts in fintech and blockchain technology and follow through with their applications, challenges and evolving nature. The book provides insights into technology which will enable and enhance actual prescribed Islamic behaviors in modern economic transactions. Case studies highlight how to cope with modern transactional behavior with the advent of global online/mobile markets, shorter attention spans, and impersonal trade exchange.

Blockchain technology may have first emerged with bitcoin but its significance extends far beyond the financial sector: it is ushering in a whole new techno-economic paradigm. This book provides the first critical, in-depth examination of blockchain's transformative impact on the creative industries, including music, media, art and gaming. Drawing on interviews with 10 leading start-ups and a comprehensive review of the literature, the author examines blockchain's impact on business models, addresses the barriers and risks, and concludes with policy recommendations that will help unlock value in the UK's creative economy.