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The intention of this text is the study of the ontological status of borders. The main conclusions of this study are applied to sociocultural phenomena of duality, historicity of human being and self-knowledge. The analysis is extended to include the essential problems of contemporary society such as interaction and clash of cultures, the political conflicts and protest, the role of media and advertising in everyday life as well as the formation of moral concepts. ; Данный текст посвящен исследованию онтологического статуса границ. Основные выводы исследования применяются к таким социокультурным явлениям, как двойничество, историчность бытия человека, самопознание. Анализ распространяется на актуальные проблемы современного общества: контакт и столкновение культур, политические конфликты и протест, роль СМИ и рекламы в повседневности, формирование нравственных концептов.

A forthcoming Carnegie paper will argue that to understand Syria's future, we will have to focus on the country's peripheries.

В статье представлен обзор Международной научной конференции "Политическая коммуникация", прошедшей на базе Уральского государственного педагогического университета 24-25 сентября 2013 г. в Екатеринбурге.

In this interview taken in May 2012 at New York University, André Lepecki offers a unique perspective on the development of Performance Studies at NYU. Being in fact the only current member of the department who has been first a Master and a PhD student, and later a professor in the same department, Lepecki has a first-hand and multifaceted view of the hallmarks of the New York tradition of Performance Studies, and of the changes that have characterized them during the past twenty years. Arrived at New York University in the early nineties, with a background primarily in anthropology and dance, here Lepecki familiarized with philosophy, performing art and "critical theory". Analyzing the history of Performance Studies at NYU, Lepecki identifies three key stages or moments: the "epic" moment, the moment of the "signature", and the moment of the "corporations". Furthermore he recognizes in the present leanings a greater focus on "critical theory", but also on "American Studies", which, with the exception of the work done by Diana Taylor with her Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, leaves little room for the global opening that characterized NYU during the past decades. In his view, today the department favors two main strands of studies: "everyday life performances" and "performing art". Finally, reflecting on the ontology of performance, Lepecki sees in its "disappearing" the rich potential for its various forms of "reappearing".

Il saggio effettua una prima analisi sui processi di definizione confinaria nell'area friulana nei secoli XIII-XV, a partire da un ampio spoglio di documenti editi e inediti. La ricognizione ha condotto a individuare due fasi, che sembrano presentare caratteristiche parzialmente diverse: un periodo, che si colloca tra il Duecento e il pieno Trecento, in cui sono presenti soprattutto controversie relative alla definizione dei confini tra comunità di villaggio, in un'ottica che sembra soprattutto di affermazione dell'identità collettiva e di riconoscimento dell'ambito territoriale proprio rispetto alle comunità confinanti. Nella successiva fase, che decorre dal terzo decennio del Quattrocento, si assiste un generalizzato moltiplicarsi delle contese confinarie in generale, e di quelle tra comunità e signori in particolare. Ciò pare legato, da un lato, agli strascichi di decenni di guerre, epidemie, devastazioni e abbandoni dei coltivi che avevano stravolto il quadro insediativo nelle campagne, non meno che al cambio di sovranità istituzionale e allo scatenarsi dei processi di costruzione delle giurisdizioni territoriali da parte dei signori. Il problema delle delimitazioni confinarie assume dunque, in questo periodo, una declinazione diversa, in cui si inseriscono anche controversie "di frontiera" in senso stretto nei confronti di quelle formazioni che fanno capo a una diversa sovranità territoriale e di cui si analizza una vicenda particolare, ma assai emblematica, che riguarda le confinazioni tra Pordenone e Zoppola. Il ricco materiale processuale, esaminato su tutto l'arco cronologico considerato, permette infine di trarre qualche osservazione riguardo il ruolo degli esperti del diritto e dei testimoni nell'ambito dei processi confinari. ; This paper carries out a preliminary analysis on the processes of boundary definition in the Friuli area in the 13th-14th centuries, starting from a wide scrutiny of published and unpublished documents. The survey led to the individuation of two phases that seem to have partially different characteristics. In the first period, between the 13th and the 14th centuries, disputes mainly concern the definition of boundaries between village communities, and seem mainly to have aimed at affirming a collective identity and at stating the territorial ambit of a community in opposition to neighbouring communities. A later phase, since the third decade of the 15th century, shows an increasing amount of boundary disputes in general, and chiefly of the ones between communities and lords. This seems to be connected on one side to the consequences of decades of wars, epidemics, devastations and neglect of the cultivated lands that had upset the settlement framework of the countryside, and on the other side to the changes in institutional suzerainty and to the breaking out of the construction of territorial jurisdictions by the lords. The problem of boundary limits thus acquires in this period a different connotation, including also border disputes against those formations subjected to a different territorial suzerainty: we discuss here a peculiar and very significant event, concerning the boundary limits between Pordenone and Zoppola. The large amount of documents about the processes analysed for the period we are dealing with in this paper allows us to draw some conclusions on the role of jurists and witnesses in the field of processes for boundary disputes.

Il saggio effettua una prima analisi sui processi di definizione confinaria nell'area friulana nei secoli XIII-XV, a partire da un ampio spoglio di documenti editi e inediti. La ricognizione ha condotto a individuare due fasi, che sembrano presentare caratteristiche parzialmente diverse: un periodo, che si colloca tra il Duecento e il pieno Trecento, in cui sono presenti soprattutto controversie relative alla definizione dei confini tra comunità di villaggio, in un'ottica che sembra soprattutto di affermazione dell'identità collettiva e di riconoscimento dell'ambito territoriale proprio rispetto alle comunità confinanti. Nella successiva fase, che decorre dal terzo decennio del Quattrocento, si assiste un generalizzato moltiplicarsi delle contese confinarie in generale, e di quelle tra comunità e signori in particolare. Ciò pare legato, da un lato, agli strascichi di decenni di guerre, epidemie, devastazioni e abbandoni dei coltivi che avevano stravolto il quadro insediativo nelle campagne, non meno che al cambio di sovranità istituzionale e allo scatenarsi dei processi di costruzione delle giurisdizioni territoriali da parte dei signori. Il problema delle delimitazioni confinarie assume dunque, in questo periodo, una declinazione diversa, in cui si inseriscono anche controversie "di frontiera" in senso stretto nei confronti di quelle formazioni che fanno capo a una diversa sovranità territoriale e di cui si analizza una vicenda particolare, ma assai emblematica, che riguarda le confinazioni tra Pordenone e Zoppola. Il ricco materiale processuale, esaminato su tutto l'arco cronologico considerato, permette infine di trarre qualche osservazione riguardo il ruolo degli esperti del diritto e dei testimoni nell'ambito dei processi confinari. ; This paper carries out a preliminary analysis on the processes of boundary definition in the Friuli area in the 13th-14th centuries, starting from a wide scrutiny of published and unpublished documents. The survey led to the individuation of two phases that seem to have partially different characteristics. In the first period, between the 13th and the 14th centuries, disputes mainly concern the definition of boundaries between village communities, and seem mainly to have aimed at affirming a collective identity and at stating the territorial ambit of a community in opposition to neighbouring communities. A later phase, since the third decade of the 15th century, shows an increasing amount of boundary disputes in general, and chiefly of the ones between communities and lords. This seems to be connected on one side to the consequences of decades of wars, epidemics, devastations and neglect of the cultivated lands that had upset the settlement framework of the countryside, and on the other side to the changes in institutional suzerainty and to the breaking out of the construction of territorial jurisdictions by the lords. The problem of boundary limits thus acquires in this period a different connotation, including also border disputes against those formations subjected to a different territorial suzerainty: we discuss here a peculiar and very significant event, concerning the boundary limits between Pordenone and Zoppola. The large amount of documents about the processes analysed for the period we are dealing with in this paper allows us to draw some conclusions on the role of jurists and witnesses in the field of processes for boundary disputes.

В статье дан пространный обзор современных подходов к проблеме описания модерна как литературной эпохи и к возможному установлению ее хронологических границ. Рассмотрены основные терминологические варианты, связанные как с самопоименованием эпохи, так и с попытками исследователей подобрать адекватное сложносоставному эстетическому феномену определение. Дискутируется расширительное толкование модерна как макроэпохи, ведущей отсчет с конца XVIII столетия и связываемой прежде всего с художественной системой романтизма. На материале эстетических манифестаций немецкого натурализма выявляется роль и значение литературной ситуации 1880-х годов в Германии, в которой повсеместное прокламирование эстетической революции и модерных установок в культуре уживается со следованием детерминистской эстетике прошлых десятилетий. Ведущие тенденции в культуре конца века связываются с формированием первого этапа модерна в искусстве и литературе в 18901900 гг., на смену которому уже с началом второго десятилетия нового века приходит искусство авангарда, взрывающее установившиеся было художественные формы, максимально соотносящее себя с современностью. Высказывается предположение, что литературный авангард как проект будущего утилитаризирует установки порубежного модерна, разворачивает их в сторону массы, выводит художника в пространство политического взаимодействия с обществом, в этом усматривая свою современность. ; The article offers an extensive overview of modern approaches to definition of art nouveau as a literary era and to establishing its chronological boundaries. There have been analyzed main variations of the self-definition of the era as well as researchers attempts to find an appropriate definition to this complex aesthetic phenomenon. The extended interpretation of art nouveau as a macroepoch is examined, the period dating back to the end of the 18th century and connected primarily with the artistic system of Romanticism. Based on the aesthetic manifestos of German Naturalism, the meaning of the literary situation in 1880th Germany is examined, where the widespread proclamations of the aesthetic revolution and modern attitudes coexisted with the adherence to the deterministic aesthetics of the previous decades. The leading trends in the culture of the fin de sicle are connected with the onset of the first stage of art nouveau in the art and literature of 1890-1900, soon to be replaced by avant-garde art at the turn of the second decade of the new century. Avant-garde, which associated itself with modernity, was mainly destroying already established art forms. This article suggests that the literary avant-garde as a project of the future manifests a utilitarian approach to the attitudes of the art nouveau on the brink of the new century, making art nouveau accessible for the audience and bringing the artist into the space of political interaction with the society.

Per ri-partire il tessuto che cura l'eredità culturale, questo contributo riflette su interessi strategici, relazioni e modelli d'intervento. Dopo ben due crisi e la "rivoluzione" culturale del digitale, emerge la domanda di una nuova mediazione fra la grande potenzialità di contenuti e gli abitanti che non vi accedono. Sarà una mediazione molto più connettiva e partecipata, orientata a ricomporre la logica dicotomica-oppositiva per operare sintesi e far convergere studi umanistici, scientifici e tecnologici. La public history è strumento strategico di politiche cultural oriented perché nei territori le comunità si ri-trovino nel loro paesaggio culturale. In concreto più spazio a soft skills, metodi e stili comunicativi per rappresentare il passato come rapporto fra vivi e vivi, fra il presente di ieri e quello di oggi.To re-start the fabric that curates cultural heritage, this essay reflects on strategic interests, relationships and intervention models. After two crises (the financial and the Covid19 pandemic) and the digital revolution, we need a new mediation between the great potential of content and the public who does not access it. It will be a much more connective and participatory mediation, aimed at recomposing the dichotomous-oppositional logic, to bring about a syntesis and bring together humanities, science and technology. Public history is a strategic tool for cultural oriented policies so that local communities can recognise themselves in their cultural landscape. In practice, more space for soft skills, methods and a serious effort to represent the past as a strong relationship among the living, and between two presents: of yesterday and of today.

Deformation and destruction of the personality arise in her life's journey under the influence of personally significant for her crisis situations. The non-adaptive mental mechanisms dis-tort reality, lead to emotional disorders and social disadaptation of the personality and be-come the driving force of its deformation. The definition of a personal psychological boundaries in the inner and outer worlds and the individual cognitive styles of information processing are implemented in their asymmetric synergistic determinism. Deformation of the individual, violation of psychological boundaries and the non-adaptive mental mecha-nisms are mutually determined.