Suchergebnisse

The beginning of modern history and the subsequent war in Bosnia and Herzegovina coincide with the institutional beginnings of the European Union common foreign and security policy. At that time, Europe did not have a single position, nor could it have achieved a political consensus on any issue. In addition, it lacked appropriate instruments, as well as readiness and willingness to actively engage to put an end to war in BiH. The war in BiH was stopped, however, thanks to the efforts of the United States. This was a crucial moment for Europe to modify its common foreign and security policy. The European Union has passed a thorny path of establishing common foreign and security policy. On this path, however, the EU has experienced some progress and achieved good results, although not sufficient, just as BiH has made some progress in reforms. In order for BiH to joint the family of modern democratic countries, it will need a stronger engagement of the European Union and its more decisive common foreign and security policy, because only together we can cope with global challenges. Peace and prosperity in Bosnia and Herzegovina will also help build free and stable Europe.

Este artículo presenta el resumen del trabajo fin del máster "Cultura de Paz, Conflictos, Educación y Derechos Humanos" que hice en el "Instituto de la Paz y los Conflictos" en Granada. El tema principal del trabajo son conflictos religiosos en la Guerra de Bosnia y Herzegovina (1992-1995) y el papel de la religión como tal en el conflicto. Los conflictos balcánicos son bien conocidos y por ahora bastante analizados, pero los autores españoles nunca han analizado el componente religioso del conflicto. El fin de este trabajo es dar a conocer el papel que jugó la religión en dicha guerra de un modo profundo, aprovechando la ventaja de la autora de conocer la literatura en las lenguas balcánicas, así como las circunstancias históricas y políticas de los países balcánicos. He llegado a la conclusión que la Guerra de Bosnia y Herzegovina tuvo un componente religioso importante, siendo la primera vez que se estudia el tema de los conflictos religiosos, pero desde la investigación para la paz, siendo este el aporte más valioso del trabajo. ; This article presents the summary of the master's thesis, which I undertook at the Institute for Peace and Conflicts in Granada for the course "Culture of Peace, Conflicts, Education and Human Rights". The focus of my master's thesis is religious conflicts in the War of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and the role of religion in the conflict. The Balkan conflicts are well-known and until now have been quite analysed, but Spanish authors have never analysed the religious component of the conflict. Taking advantage of having in-depth knowledge of Balkan languages, literature about the issue, historical and political circumstances of the Balkan countries, the goal of this research work is to introduce Spanish readers, in a much more in-depth way, to the role that religion played in the War of Bosnia and Herzegovina. I have concluded that the War of Bosnia and Herzegovina had an important religious component and bearing in mind that this kind of peace investigation has never been developed before, this can be considered as an important contribution of this research work.

The article will explore some potential causes of this limited process of Europeanization and its overallimpact on the malfunctioning of Bosnia. After a short conceptual overview inside the Europeanizationliterature and its connection with democratization, the analytical section of the article will focus on theparticular case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The main question to be tackled is: How democraticis the Europeanization process in Bosnia and who should be held accountable for the outcome afteralmost two decades-long effort? The subsequent analysis will try to bring a potential answer to thisconcern, using the intricate case of the Europeanization of BiH as an illustration for the ambivalent roleof the EU in the Western Balkans (WB) with the scope of pointing out some lessons which were notfully drawn from this process. The main conclusion is that the mixed strategy of EU that induced bothexternal pressure and local ownership under the EU conditionality created institutional blockage and ademocratic deficit

The region of the Balkans has been represented as a "European periphery" and a "European Other" in traditional Western discourses particularly since the 18th century in texts elaborated by different Western European travel writers, administrators and scientists who had direct or indirect experience in the Balkans. This discourse was re-emphasised during the 1990s when the disintegration of Yugoslavia occurred, presenting this situation of war and violence as something "typical Balkan". In this research I aim to analyse Spanish representations of the Balkans throughout Spanish history and literature since the 16th century to verify the specificity or not of Spanish understandings of this region by (travel) writers, diplomats, political strategists, the military and scientists. Because the particularity of this theme is that old images of the Balkans were rearticulated in the West during the 1990s, I attempt to contrast Spanish discourses about the disintegration of Yugoslavia and armed conflict in Bosnia and Hercegovina (BiH) with the main assumptions that conform the "Balkan stereotype". ; La región de los Balcanes ha sido tradicionalmente representada como una "periferia europea" y un "otro europeo" en los discursos occidentales desde el siglo XVIII. Estos discursos han quedado plasmados en los textos de distintos viajeros, administradores y científicos europeos que han tenido una experiencia directa o indirecta con los Balcanes. En los años noventa semejantes peroratas fueron recuperadas cuando tuvo lugar la desintegración de Yugoslavia, presentando la situación de guerra y violencia como algo "típico balcánico". En este trabajo pretendo analizar las representaciones españolas de los Balcanes a través de la historia y la literatura españolas desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad con la intención de comprobar la especificidad o no de las ideas españolas sobre los Balcanes elaboradas por viajeros, escritores, diplomáticos, estrategas, militares y científicos. Debido a que la particularidad de este tema es la rearticulación de viejas imágenes/percepciones de la región en los noventa, el objetivo es contrastar los discursos españoles sobre la desintegración de Yugoslavia y el conflicto armado en Bosnia y Hercegovina (BiH) con las principales suposiciones que conforman el "estereotipo balcánico".

Examines terms of the Dayton peace accords and their implementation; Bosnia-Herzegovina. Summary in English p. 210.

Discusses the process of electoral engineering in the context of dispute settlement, with special reference to the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina and provisions of the 1995 Dayton agreements with regard to scheduling of elections.

Under peaceful conditions, men normally & naturally dominate women in many spheres of life. During wartime, gender roles & orders are dislocated. On the one hand, women may become principal actors behind the lines with the absence of men at home, while on the other hand, war creates problems for women, eg, prostitution, rape, & refugee status. Enemy women who are sexually violated during war serve the political logic supported by traditional gender systems. The situation of women during the war in the former Yugoslavia raised questions about prosecution for wartime sexual violation, which had not previously been specified in international codes on women's rights. 12 References. M. Pflum

This is a direct testimonial of what occurred in the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s. It is difficult to write a scientific article on the matter, therefore, the intention is not to analyze, elaborate or demonstrate certain deeds, but on the contrary, it aims to put forward the experiences of people who, while being at war, tried to document the events as they took place, present relevant facts, and information in order to better understand what was happening and transmit this to a wider audience, especially the young. This writing intends to show how the members of the civil society and other relevant institutions, formal and informal, individual and collective, oppose to the relativization of what happened and the abuse on the part of nationalism of historical events and the politicizing of the victims and the problems with justice. As future decision-makers in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, the young must and have the right to know what happened in the nineties, because it is they who will have to make sure that it does not happen again. Above all, this article depicts the life of an «ordinary» person who finds himself in the middle of extraordinary circumstances, trying to do good for his fellow citizens. ; Como testimonio directo de todo lo sucedido en la ex Yugoslavia durante los años 90, es muy difícil escribir un artículo científico sobre el tema. Por tanto, no tiene ninguna intención de analizar, elaborar ni demostrar ciertos hechos, sino todo lo contrario, su finalidad es exponer las experiencias de personas que, estando en la guerra, intentaron documentar los eventos tal y como sucedieron, presentar hechos relevantes e información para entender mejor lo ocurrido y transmitirlo a un público más amplio, en especial a los jóvenes. Pretende mostrar cómo los miembros de la sociedad civil y otras instituciones relevantes, formales y no formales, individual y colectivamente, se oponen a la relativización de lo ocurrido y al abuso por parte del nacionalismo de los hechos históricos y de la politización de las víctimas y los problemas de la Justícia. Como futuros tomadores de decisiones en los países de ex Yugoslavia, los jóvenes deben y tienen el derecho de saber todo lo que ocurrió en los años noventa, porque serán ellos los que deben encargarse de que esto no vuelva a ocurrir. Sobre todo, este artículo presenta la vida de una persona «normal» que se encuentra en medio de unas circunstancias extraordinarias intentando hacer el bien para sus conciudadanos.