The deep ties between the V. Lipinski's political views and his attitudinal orientations are investigated in the article. In particular the links between religiosity and the foundations of its statehood concept looks at the evolution of Lipinski's views on the Ukrainian state system are emphasized, attention is focused on understanding Lipinski's grain-growing sections, the boundaries of the Ukrainian state, its place in the Ukrainian language and culture and the Orthodox Church. ; The deep ties between the V. Lipinski's political views and his attitudinal orientations are investigated in the article. In particular the links between religiosity and the foundations of its statehood concept looks at the evolution of Lipinski's views on the Ukrainian state system are emphasized, attention is focused on understanding Lipinski's grain-growing sections, the boundaries of the Ukrainian state, its place in the Ukrainian language and culture and the Orthodox Church.
The deep ties between the V. Lipinski's political views and his attitudinal orientations are investigated in the article. In particular the links between religiosity and the foundations of its statehood concept looks at the evolution of Lipinski's views on the Ukrainian state system are emphasized, attention is focused on understanding Lipinski's grain-growing sections, the boundaries of the Ukrainian state, its place in the Ukrainian language and culture and the Orthodox Church. ; The deep ties between the V. Lipinski's political views and his attitudinal orientations are investigated in the article. In particular the links between religiosity and the foundations of its statehood concept looks at the evolution of Lipinski's views on the Ukrainian state system are emphasized, attention is focused on understanding Lipinski's grain-growing sections, the boundaries of the Ukrainian state, its place in the Ukrainian language and culture and the Orthodox Church.
The creative work of Dr. Myron Korduba (1876 - 1947) is revealed in his fundamental geographical research "Territory and population of Ukraine" (1918). The article covers the well-grounded and clearly defined by scientists the boundaries of the ethnographic territory of Ukraine as a whole, as a foundation for establishing the political boundaries of the future Ukrainian state. Only those counties (which are the primary territorial unit of assessment) where the proportion of Ukrainians exceeds 50% of the total population, or when the Ukryayans in these counties are quantitatively dominant, are the first among other nationalities, are referred to the "continuous Ukrainian ethnographic territory" by Dr. Myron Korduba. The basis for determining the boundaries of "ethnographic Ukraine" by Dr. Myron Korduba was the materials of the all-Russian 1897 population census and a similar population census in Austria-Hungary in 1900. In the ethnographic borders of Ukraine defined by scholars, almost 9/10 of the total territory accounted for "Russian Ukraine", about 8% - for "Austrian", less than 2% - for "Hungarian Ukraine". The population of Ukraine within its ethnographic borders, according to Myron Korduba, in January 1914 amounted to more than 46 million souls, of which 86% lived within Tsarist Russia, about 13% - in "Austrian Ukraine", more than 1% - in "Hungarian Ukraine. ". The ethnic composition of the population of "ethnographic Ukraine": 71.0% - Ukrainians, 11.7% - Great Russians, 8.2% - Jews, 4.5% - Poles, 1.9% - Germans, 0.9% - Volokhs, 1.8% - other nationalities. The most important result of Dr. Myron Korduba's geographical study is the definition of the northern, eastern, southern and western borders of the "continuous Ukrainian territory", the so-called "ethnographic borders of Ukraine". In the north-west, scientists outline them as follows: Brest, Kobrin, Bielsk counties of Grodno province; in the north - Pinsk and the southern part of Mozyr district of Minsk province, then - northeast of Ovruch - the northern ...
Stand boundaries of understanding Post-Marxism. Examines the interrelation of Post-Marxism and postmodernism, poststructuralism, cultural studies. Offers a number of assertions that identify this or that conception as Post-Marxist. Key words: Post-Marxism, postmodernism, political, subjectivity. ; Виокремлено межі розуміння постмарксизму. Проаналізовано взаємозв'язок постмарксизму з постмодернізмом, постструктуралізмом, культуральними студіями. Запропоновано низку тверджень, котрі ідентифікують ту чи іншу концепцію як постмарксистську. Ключові слова: постмарксизм, постмодернізм, політичне, суб'єктність.
The article is devoted to clarifying the conceptual and ideological boundaries of legal regulation of the implementation of the social function of the state. The author establishes the influence of liberal and neoliberal ideology on the current process of transformation of the understanding of the social function of the state and the possibility of its implementation by the state. The framework for the implementation of the social function of the state is being clarified, the narrowing of which will harm the process of development of the state as a welfare and legal state. The conceptual and ideological boundaries of the legal regulation of the implementation of the social function of the state, which has been developed in the member states of the European Union, are outlined. The conclusions of the article summarize the results of the study. ; Стаття присвячена з'ясуванню концептуально-ідеологічних меж правового регулювання реалізації соціальної функції держави. Автором встановлюється вплив ліберальної та неоліберальної ідеології на поточний процес трансформації розуміння соціальної функції держави та можливостей її реалізації державою. З'ясовуються рамки реалізації соціальної функції держави, звуження яких призводитиме до зашкодження процесу розбудови держави в якості соціальної та правової держави. Окреслюються концептуально-ідеологічні межі правового регулювання реалізації соціальної функції держави, які вироблені у державах-членах Європейського Союзу. У висновках до статті узагальнюються результати дослідження.
The research aims to deal with the concept of political identity through the complex of such concepts as archetypes of the collective unconscientious, myth, symbol, the political and political discourse. It is proved that the boundaries of political space are limited by the boundaries of recognition of imperatives of an ontological myth, the boundaries of formation of and support to beliefs about the necessity of complying with those imperatives as the only possible means for restoration of the existence of society and man. The author reviews domination alternatives of one or more ontological myths.In the context of cultural and historical balance and recognition of different political paradigms there arises a universal paradigm of the political in society, which conciliates and unites all the layers, turning them into subjects of politics. This is a paradigm of democracy, its essence coming down to recognition of only such form of political power as legitimate by all subjects of the political process, which through appropriate laws and standards regulates the struggle for political power and secures participation in exercising power, i.e. such regulations of political being of society, which are perceived as justified and legitimate by all subjects of political activity. ; Статья обосновывает понятие политической идентичности через комплекс понятий: архетипы коллективного бессознательного, миф, символ, политический дискурс. Доказано, что границы политического пространства определяются пределами признания императивов онтологического мифа, границами становления и поддержки убеждений в необходимости подчиняться этим императивам как единственным возможным средствам восстановления бытия общества и человека. Рассмотрены варианты доминирования одного или нескольких онтологических мифов. Освещены условия формирования универсальной парадигмы политического, что примиряет и объединяет все слои, превращая их в субъектов политики. Такой парадигмой автор считает парадигму демократии. ; Розвідка присвячена висвітленню поняття політичної ідентичності через комплекс понять: архетипи колективного несвідомого, міф, символ, політичне, політичний дискурс. Доведено, що межі політичного простору окреслюються межами визнання імперативів онтологічного міфу, межами становлення й підтримки переконань у необхідності підкорятися цим імперативам як єдиним можливим засобам відновлення буття суспільства і людини. Розглянуто варіанти домінування одного або декількох онтологічних міфів. Висвітлено умови формування універсальної парадигми політичного, що примирює й поєднує всі верстви, перетворюючи їх на суб'єктів політики. Такою парадигмою автор уважає парадигму демократії.
Deep-rooted ideas of "art rock" do not expire and recently gave rise to the new, progressive metal trends like djent. It wants to be the elite, the modern, and the innovative. At the expense of greater commercial success, djent bands cut off from the mainstream and operate independently, incessantly exceeding stylistic and aesthetical boundaries. Poetics of their music often reveal a tension between elitism and egalitarianism, intellect and corporeality, individuality and convention. But can it be seen as some kind of musical trans-avant-garde or neomodernistic?
In Ukrainian historiography inrecent decades there is a process of seriousrefi nement, rethinking the chronology ofthe Ukrainian Revolution as a nationwideprocess. The approaches to defi ne nationalrevolutionary processes at the beginning ofthe 20th century such as «national liberationstruggles», «national liberation fi ght»become more popular and regard as a separatephenomenon – the Ukrainian Revolution.At their core, and course it is differentfrom the revolution in Russia. At the sametime, one can not reject signifi cant mutualinteractions between these processes.A signifi cant revision needs to be doneabout the chronological boundaries that requiresto national-democratic revolution inNovember 2018 in the western Ukrainianlands. It should be considered in the contextof the general process of continental Europeannations struggle for their national liberationand national self-assertion duringthe First World War. The lower boundary ofthis process (national liberation struggles inthe western Ukrainian lands) and the phenomenon(the national-democratic revolutionin November 1918- this interpretationis still used) should not only be united, butalso regarded as endless. As the result weconsider it possible to use the term «Nationaldemocratic revolution in the western On the other hand, from such an interpretationof the chronological boundariesof the national-democratic revolution inthe western Ukrainian lands there is a needto clarify the boundaries of the UkrainianRevolution of the second-third decade of thetwentieth century. That is because the integralpart is the revolutionary events in thewestern Ukrainian lands of this period asunseparate part of the determine revolution.On the other hand, all these events extendthe boundaries of the Ukrainian revolutionitself on its national scale. This will contributeto the establishment of a new paradigmfor its consideration, as a national liberation.Therefore, it is quite natural to considerthe borders of the Ukrainian Revolutionfor 1914–1923.lands in 1914–1923». ; У статті робиться спроба аналізумісця національно-демократичної ре-волюції на західноукраїнських землях вУкраїнській революції другого-третьо-го десятирічь ХХ століття. Узагальню-ються здобутки національної історіо-графії у визначенні хронологічних межобидвох процесів. Наголошується натому, що національні революційні про-цеси початку ХХ століття, які іденти-фікуються з такими усталеними кліше,як "національно-визвольні змагання","національно-визвольна боротьба", слідрозглядати як окреме явище – Україн-ську революцію. За своєю суттю і пере-бігом вона є відмінною від революції вРосії, хоч не можна відкидати значнихобопільних взаємовпливів між цими про-цесами.Стверджується, що завдяки рево-люційним процесам на західноукраїн-ських землях Українська революція можетрактуватися як така, що тривала зсерпня-вересня 1914 до середини березня1923 року.
Law of Ukraine "On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine" implies the need to designate the boundaries of nature-protected areas on the land. Several laws dictate state agencies to provide funding for the establishment of the boundaries of all protected areas. Nevertheless, our research has shown that setting boundaries areas of nature-ptotected areas on the ground does not guarantee the preservation and integrity of their borders. In preparation of ducuments, which establish protected areas, employees of Environmental Ministry of Ukraine usually do not include documentation of land management and use to the document list. Therefore, when creating protected areas, areas are not defined in the State Land Cadastre. Boundaries of nature-protected areas are often established only after the allocation of funds for indication of the location on the ground, after the establishment of the protected areas, but not at the stage of their creation.As it turned out, delineation of protected areas on the land also does not lead to their inclusion in the State Land Cadastre. Thus, the practice has been the creation of protected areas without the development of land management and use plans, which then leads to a lack of reflection on the state statistical reporting of quantifying the lands, territories of nature-protected areas. This is a direct threat to nature-protected areas, meaning a risk of approved construction plans on the areas, etc.As of 01/01/2014, the defined boundaries on the land, where approved only for 906.4 thousand hectares of nature-protected areas (26 % of the total network of nature-protected areas), among them, those of national importance – 666,5 thousand hectares (13 %) and local – 239,9 thousand hectares (7 %). Documents certifying the right land use granted to 492,5 thousand hectares of nature-protected areas (14 % of the total area of protected areas), among them objects of national importance contribute with 456,1 thousand hectares (13 %) and local – 36,4 thousand ha (1 %). This is a prerequisite to illegal seizure of nature-protected lands. The facts, mentioned above, were discovered in the Crimea and in 18 regions of Ukraine, in 2013.In addition, the prevailing practice is to create nature-protected areas without changing the land use practice, that means they remain in their primary land use status (mainly – forest areas, agricultural areas, water objects). Change of land use, while creatingnature-protected areas, does not happen automatically. Taking as an example Kyiv region, we may see that in any case of creation of nature-protected areas there was no decision to change the land use practice of the land. Chapter 7 of the State Land Cadastre of Ukraine a separate category of land use is – "the land of nature-protected areas and other conservation practices". However, in most regions of Ukraine nature-protected land category is not tracked by State Land Agency at all.Solution for protected areas that will be created in the future, may be the introduction of legislative provisions that clearly specify what constitutes a project of creation of nature-protected areas (requires amendements to the Law of Ukraine "On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine") and provide mechanisms for financing the development of land use management projects of protected-areas during their creation, not after the final stage of delimitation of boundries in the field. ; Установление на местности границ территорий природно-заповедного фонда (ПЗФ) не гарантирует сохранение их границ и целостности. При подготовке проектов создания территорий ПЗФ органы Минприроды, как правило, не включают документацию по землеустройству. Сложилась практика создания территорий ПЗФ без документации, следовательно, отражаются в госстатистической отчетности по количественному учету земель. Кроме того, часто создаются территории ПЗФ без изменения целевого назначения земельных участков. Решить проблему для ПЗФ может законодательное введение норм, которые бы четко указывали, из чего состоит проект создания ПЗФ (необходимо внесение изменений в Закон Украины "О природно-заповедном фонде Украины"), и предусматривали механизмы финансирования разработки проектов землеустройства ПЗФ на этапе их создания, а незапоздалое их вынесение границ в натуре. ; Внесення в натурі меж територій природно-заповідного фонду (ПЗФ) не гарантує їх меж і цілісності. При підготовці Проектів створення територій ПЗФ органи Мінприроди, як правило, не включають документацію зі землеустрою, що робить відсутніми території ПЗФ у державній статистичній звітності з кількісного обліку земель. Крім того, поширеним є створення територій ПЗФ без зміни цільового призначення земельних ділянок. Вирішити проблему для ПЗФ може законодавче запровадження норм, які б чітко вказували, з чого складається проект створення ПЗФ, і передбачали механізми фінансування проектів землеустрою ПЗФ на етапі їх створення
Examined еhe formation process of moral and ethical principles and their impact on social activities of political agents, еhe boundaries of the correlation policies and ethical standards. The changes in the influence of ethics and public morality in the political sphere within postmodern society. Key words: postmodern society, ethics, morals, neutralism, perfectionism, theory of justice, discursive theory. ; Досліджено процес формування морально-етичних принципів та їхній вплив на соціальні дії політичних агентів. Визначено межі кореляції політики і морально-етичних норм. Проаналізовано зміни впливу етики й суспільної моралі на політичну сферу в межах постмодерного суспільства. Ключові слова: постмодерне суспільство, етика, мораль, нейтралізм, перфекціонізм, теорія справедливості, дискурсивна теорія.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a political and legal analysis of the choice options, decisionmaking processes and negotiation strategies of political actors in dispute over the date of the presidential elections in Poland the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible decisions are outlined in the form of a modified decision tree known from the decision theory, taking into account not only the options falling within the scope of individual actors' performance, but also scenarios triggered by specific choices and interdependent on the behavior of other actors (their cooperation or lack of cooperation). The descriptive-explanatory and predictive analysis is based on the assumptions of the public choice theory. The article also explains the legal determinants and boundaries of actions available to political actors ; Teisės fakultetas ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
The main problems of conceptualization and the need to rethink the understanding of political space in modern transformation processes are considered. Political space is shown as one of the projections of politics on the relations between different actors about the distribution of power. In this case, the political space acts as a regulator of relations between groups and individuals, the area of interaction of interest groups at the intersection of «horizontal» and «vertical» relations.The transition from the class subjectivity of industrial society to the fragmented declassed subjectivity of post-industrialism and the resulting transformation of power relations justify the need for a new conceptualization of political space. Horizontal models of social communication, emerging in the new conditions, determine the primacy of individuals before the state in implementing institutional change, determining the appropriate parameters of political space and political competition of individuals, their access to political exchanges at different levels. The strengthening of the processes of politicization of the economic and socio-cultural space occurs in crisis situations of the functioning of social systems, which leads to the expansion of the boundaries of the political sphere. In turn, the depoliticization of political processes and phenomena characteristic of the period of stable development of society leads to the limitation of political space. The need to reorganize the space-field requires the expansion of the boundaries of the political world, the emergence of new institutions and organizations.Thus, the new conceptualization of political space arises as a response to the need to maintain control over socio-political processes that cause the effect of emancipation of individuals in a situation of growing uncertainty.Thus, the political space is an open and unstable system, the functioning of which is greatly influenced by external factors.Key words: political space, political process. ; Розглянуто основні проблеми концептуалізації та необхідності переосмислення розуміння політичного простору в умовах сучасних трансформаційних процесів. Політичний простір показано як одну з проекцій політики на відносини, які складаються між різними суб'єктами з приводу розподілу влади. При цьому політичний простір виступає регулятором відносин груп та індивідів, областю взаємодій груп інтересів на перетині «горизонтальних» і «вертикальних» відносин. Він являє собою відкриту і нестійку систему, на функціонування якої великий вплив здійснюють зовнішні фактори.Ключові слова: політичний простір, політичний процес. Рассмотрены основные проблемы концептуализации и необходимости переосмысления понимания политического пространства в условиях современных трансформационных процессов. Политическое пространство рассматривается в качестве одной из проекций политики на отношения, складывающиеся между различными субъектами по поводу распределения власти. При этом политическое пространство выступает регулятором отношений групп и индивидов, областью взаимодействий групп интересов на пересечении «горизонтальных» и «вертикальных» отношений. Оно представляет собой открытую и неустойчивую систему, на функционирование которой большое влияние оказывают внешние факторы.Ключевые слова: политическое пространство, политический процесс. The main problems of conceptualization and the need to rethink the understanding of political space in modern transformation processes are considered. Political space is shown as one of the projections of politics on the relations between different actors about the distribution of power. In this case, the political space acts as a regulator of relations between groups and individuals, the area of interaction of interest groups at the intersection of «horizontal» and «vertical» relations.The transition from the class subjectivity of industrial society to the fragmented declassed subjectivity of post-industrialism and the resulting transformation of power relations justify the need for a new conceptualization of political space. Horizontal models of social communication, emerging in the new conditions, determine the primacy of individuals before the state in implementing institutional change, determining the appropriate parameters of political space and political competition of individuals, their access to political exchanges at different levels. The strengthening of the processes of politicization of the economic and socio-cultural space occurs in crisis situations of the functioning of social systems, which leads to the expansion of the boundaries of the political sphere. In turn, the depoliticization of political processes and phenomena characteristic of the period of stable development of society leads to the limitation of political space. The need to reorganize the space-field requires the expansion of the boundaries of the political world, the emergence of new institutions and organizations.Thus, the new conceptualization of political space arises as a response to the need to maintain control over socio-political processes that cause the effect of emancipation of individuals in a situation of growing uncertainty.Thus, the political space is an open and unstable system, the functioning of which is greatly influenced by external factors.Key words: political space, political process.
Despite the relative sustainability, the concepts of justice are consistent with the principle of development and therefore they evolve together with social being and social consciousness. The era of globalization, information society and consumerism objectively and regularly make a tangible contribution to the revision of content-axiological priorities of justice. At the heart of any fairness concept or paradigm is symmetry between the actual and proper – as the actual deviates from the proper, so it is unfair and is subject to correction. When at the level of mass consciousness we see the sense of necessity, justice is reflected in the mass consciousness in the form of expectations. Social expectations define the specific historical symmetry between what is proper and valid towards the rights to freedom and equality. Justice reflects the actual status of compliance with anticipated ideas about freedom and equality of opportunities. The debates on justice are still open. Currently they are focused not only on the issue of justice itself, but also on discussing a range of related topics – political legitimacy, collective and individual responsibility, functional boundaries of state, identity problems etc. The boundaries between these paradigms frequently disappear. Therefore, we are observing attempts to build an integrative theory of justice. The conceptual basis of the theory of justice is becoming increasingly detailed, acquiring incremental properties. The concept of justice gains meaningful significance: axiological, legal, ethical and political. In addition, today the concept of justice may not be considered in essence without analyzing globalization processes. The categorial network of the theory of justice features the emergence of new meaningful centres, which are essential to solve the problem of justice as a vital factor of common human reality.Keywords: the principle of development, theoretical framework of justice, conceptual approaches, content-axiological priorities of justice, social megatrends of our time. ; Попри відносну усталеність, уявлення про справедливість цілком підпадають під дію принципу розвитку, а значить еволюціонують разом із суспільним буттям і суспільною свідомістю. Епоха глобалізму, інформаційного суспільства і консьюмеризму об'єктивно й закономірно робить свій вагомий внесок у перегляд змістовно-аксіологічних пріоритетів справедливості.Ключові слова: принцип розвитку, теоретичний фундамент справедливості, концептуальні підходи, змістовно-аксіологічні пріоритети справедливості, суспільні мегатенденції сучасності. Несмотря на относительную устойчивость, представление о справедливости вполне подпадают под действие принципа развития, а значит эволюционируют вместе с общественным бытием и общественным сознанием. Эпоха глобализма, информационного общества и консьюмеризма объективно и закономерно делает свой весомый вклад в пересмотр содержательно-аксиологических приоритетов справедливости.Ключевые слова: принцип развития, теоретический фундамент справедливости, концептуальные подходы, содержательно-аксиологические приоритеты справедливости, общественные мегатенденции современности. Despite the relative sustainability, the concepts of justice are consistent with the principle of development and therefore they evolve together with social being and social consciousness. The era of globalization, information society and consumerism objectively and regularly make a tangible contribution to the revision of content-axiological priorities of justice. At the heart of any fairness concept or paradigm is symmetry between the actual and proper – as the actual deviates from the proper, so it is unfair and is subject to correction. When at the level of mass consciousness we see the sense of necessity, justice is reflected in the mass consciousness in the form of expectations. Social expectations define the specific historical symmetry between what is proper and valid towards the rights to freedom and equality. Justice reflects the actual status of compliance with anticipated ideas about freedom and equality of opportunities. The debates on justice are still open. Currently they are focused not only on the issue of justice itself, but also on discussing a range of related topics – political legitimacy, collective and individual responsibility, functional boundaries of state, identity problems etc. The boundaries between these paradigms frequently disappear. Therefore, we are observing attempts to build an integrative theory of justice. The conceptual basis of the theory of justice is becoming increasingly detailed, acquiring incremental properties. The concept of justice gains meaningful significance: axiological, legal, ethical and political. In addition, today the concept of justice may not be considered in essence without analyzing globalization processes. The categorial network of the theory of justice features the emergence of new meaningful centres, which are essential to solve the problem of justice as a vital factor of common human reality.Keywords: the principle of development, theoretical framework of justice, conceptual approaches, content-axiological priorities of justice, social megatrends of our time.
The purpose of this paper is aimed at defining the border of the suburban zone behind economic approaches and leveling (comparing) the results with certain borders in the General plan. The development of suburban areas is one of the elements of the transformation of the economy of the city and region, determines the pace of their development. Though even today there is no common point of view on the interpretation of the concept of "suburban zone", there is no clear distinction between the definitions of "suburb", "suburban territory", "suburban area". In addition, it is important to define the boundaries of the city and suburban area, since cities tend to "expand" and "capture" adjacent territories. The boundaries of cities change significantly, which requires a corresponding study of the boundaries of the suburban zone, thus, the topic of work is re-levant. Methodology. The article considers options for delineating borders according to existing legislative acts that define the outer border of the suburban zone of large cities with an isochronous 45-60-minute accessibility by public transport to the city. In addition, the analysis of research and publications of scientists made it possible to identify other approaches to determining the boundaries of the suburban zone and compare the results with the specified border of the suburban zone in the General plan of Odessa. Thus, calculations were made and the results were visualized, using the ArcGIS Pro software, several options for determining the boundaries of the suburban zone of the city of Odessa, namely: a methodological approach was applied to calculate the population concentration index, the results of which confirmed our assumptions about the concentration of the population in the suburban zone to the place of employment, study, cultural and social development. The second methodological approach is the calculation of the gravitational model based on the distance parameter. The results allowed us to conclude that accessibility of localities to the city center is crucial. In the third approach, using the gravity model of Kareem that combines distance and demographic potential centers of research, defines the borders of suburban zone of the city of Odessa, which are maximally correlated with the specified bounds in the General plan. Practical significance.Therefore, the conducted research makes it possible to assert that one of the important indicators in determining the border of a suburban zone is the temporary isochrone, that is accessibility to the city, which, in most cases, forms a multidimensional relationship between the city and the suburban zone. The delimitation of the borders of suburban areas of cities will allow for targeted planning of the territory, organization of an effective management system, establishment of geographical features of the city development, use of the suburban territorial resources for urban development, and the relationship between the development of the city and its suburban zone. The city center and its suburban area are interconnected objects of spatial planning documentation at the stages of development of master plans for localities. ; В статье освещена актуальность исследования относительно вопроса определения границ пригородных зон. Рассмотрены варианты делимитации границ по существующим законодательными актами. Кроме того, анализ исследований и публикаций ученых дал возможность выделить и другие подходы к определению границ пригородной зоны и сравнить результаты с указанной границей пригородной зоны в Генеральном плане г. Одессы. Таким образом, проведены расчеты и визуализированы результаты, с помощью программного обеспечения ArcGIS Pro, несколько вариантов определения границ пригородной зоны города Одесса, а именно: применен методический подход по расчету индекса концентрации населения, результаты которого подтвердили наши предположения относительно концентрации населения в пригородной зоне. Второй методический подход представляет собой расчет гравитационной модели на основе параметра расстояния. Результаты позволили сделать вывод о решающей роли доступности населенных пунктов к городу-центру. В третьем подходе, с помощью гравитационной модели Г. Кареема, которая сочетает параметр расстояния и демографический потенциал центров исследования, определены границы пригородной зоны города Одессы, которые максимально коррелируют с указанными границами в Генеральном плане. Итак, проведенные исследования дают возможность утверждать, что одним из важных показателей в определении границы пригородной зоны является временная изохрона, тоесть доступность к городу, что, в большинстве случаев, формирует многоаспектные связи города и пригородной зоны. Делимитация границ пригородных зон городов даст возможность целенаправленного планирования территории, организации эффективной системы хозяйствования, установление географических особенностей развития города, использования для городской застройки территориальных ресурсов пригорода, взаимосвязи развития города и его пригородной зоны. ; В статті висвітлено актуальність дослідження щодо питання визначення меж приміських зон. Розглянуто варіанти делімітації меж за існуючими законодавчими актами. Крім того аналіз досліджень і публікацій учених дав можливість окреслити й інші підходи до визначення меж приміської зони й порівняти результати з зазначеною межею приміської зони в Генеральному плані м. Одеси. Таким чином, проведено розрахунки та візуалізовано, за допомогою програмного забезпечення ArcGIS Pro, кілька варіантів визначення межі приміської зони міста Одеса, а саме застосовано методичний підхід з розрахунку індексу концентрації населення, результати якого підтвердили наші припущення щодо концентрації населення в приміській зоні. Другий методичний підхід з розрахунку гравітаційної моделі на основі параметру відстані дав можливість зробити висновок про вирішальну роль доступності населених пунктів до міста-центру. В третьому підході, за допомогою гравітаційної моделі Г. Кареєма, яка поєднує параметр відстані та демографічний потенціал центрів дослідження, визначили межі приміської зони міста Одеси, які максимально корелюють з зазначеною межею в Генеральному плані. Отже проведені досліджені дають можливість стверджувати, що одним із важливих показників у визначенні межі приміської зони є часова ізохрона, тобто доступність до міста, яка, в більшості випадків, формує багатоаспектні зв'язки міста і приміської зони. Делімітація меж приміських зон міст дасть можливість цілеспрямованого планування територій, організації ефективної системи господарювання, встановлення географічних особливостей розвитку міста, використання для міської забудови територіальних ресурсів передмістя, взаємозв'язок розвитку міста та його приміської зони.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the conceptualization of legal terminology. It has been emphasized that legal concepts are important for the functioning of legal institutions. It has been noted that most of the legal terms aimed at unambiguous and consistent interpretation of legal texts are established in various legal documents. The boundaries of most subject areas are unclear, and their use in different areas of law may lead to the application of different criteria to establish the essence of the term.Attention is drawn to the fact that terminological work traditionally focuses on the organization of concepts and lexical items in a specialized field, in which each term is one concept, and each concept is denoted by one term. The definition of a particular area of law and terms related to that area includes the establishment of both terminological and conceptual boundaries, which allows clear and unambiguous use of the relevant categories. A clear approach to understanding the term contributes to the quality of legislation that affects the stability of state life.It is emphasized that ambiguous terms are used in modern legislation. Given the foreign experience in the context of European Union law, the timing of interdisciplinary concepts seems more appropriate due to the complex relationship between the national law of the Member States and the law of the European Union. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary concepts, i.e. concepts or institutions that arise in more than one legal field. More specifically, such concepts may apply to both the national legal system and the law of the European Union. Although the same term is used to denote an interdisciplinary concept, its conceptualization may differ in various areas of law and different legal systems, which may adversely affect the case because there will be no common approach to understanding the term.It is noted that the study of legal terminology should focus on the elements of the legal solution of the real problem. ; Статья ...
