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Brain death-the condition of a non-functioning brain, has been widely adopted around the world as a definition of death since it was detailed in a Report by an Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School faculty in 1968. It also remains a focus of controversy and debate, an early source of criticism and scrutiny of the bioethics movement. Death before Dying: History, Medicine, and Brain Death looks at the work of the Committee in a way that has not been attempted before in terms of tracing back the context of its own sources-the reasoning of it Chair, Henry K Beecher, and the care of patients i

The present text is a rejoinder to Igor Wysocki's rejoinder published in Political Dialogues 20 to Dominiak & Szczęsny's paper Brain Death in Japan: A Critical Approach.

The present text is a rejoinder to Igor Wysocki's rejoinder published in Political Dialogues 20 to Dominiak & Szczęsny's paper Brain Death in Japan: A Critical Approach.

The present text is a rejoinder to Igor Wysocki's rejoinder published in Political Dialogues 20 to Dominiak & Szczęsny's paper Brain Death in Japan: A Critical Approach.

At present, NATO is facing a severe crisis and has showed symptoms of disintegration and polarization of the relations between its Member States. At the last head meeting of the organization's Council, in December 2019, in London, French President Emmanuel Macron qualified NATO's current crisis as a "brain death." From a legal perspective, the main cause of this alleged "brain death" is the organization's special status under international law. In fact, NATO has constantly violated its constitutive treaty and many other international conventional and customary norms, including ius cogens rules. However, the organization has never assumed any negative legal consequences for its internationally unlawful behavior. This situation has reduced the legitimacy of the institution and has corroded, from the inside and the outside, states' will to cooperate with the fulfilment of its objectives. Thus, NATO could only surmount its current crisis and continue to play a crucial role as a guardian of the international peace and security and as a promoter of the rule of law at the global level, if it accepts to submit its political and military power to international law.

Notwithstanding these wise pronouncements, my project here
is to characterize the biological phenomenon of death of the
higher animal species, such as vertebrates. My claim is that
the formulation of "whole-brain death" provides
the most congruent map for our correct understanding of the
concept of death. This essay builds upon the foundation my
colleagues and I have laid since 1981 to characterize the concept
of death and refine when this event occurs. Although our society's
well-accepted program of multiple organ procurement for
transplantation requires the organ donor first to be dead, the
concept of brain death is not merely a social contrivance to
permit us to obtain the benefits of organ procurement. Rather,
the concept of whole-brain death stands independently as the most
accurate biological representation of the demise of the human organism.

Introduction: Beyond Brain Death -- Brain Death—the Patient, the Physician, and Society -- Metaphysical Misgivings about "Brain Death" -- Pro-Life Support of the Whole Brain Death Criterion: A Problem of Consistency -- The Demise of "Brain Death" in Britain -- Brain Stem Death: A United Kingdom Anaesthetist's View -- Brain Death and Cardiac Transplantation: Historical Background and Unsettled Controversies in Japan -- Philosophical and Cultural Attitudes Against Brain Death and Organ Transplantation in Japan -- Brain Death and Euthanasia -- The Moment of Death and the Morally Safer Path -- A Narrative Case Against Brain Death -- Organ Transplantation, Brain Death and the Slippery Slope: A Neurosurgeon's Perspective.