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BRICS is one of the alternative projects of multipolar world building. BRICS was created as community of the most powerful developing countries seeking to reform the world order. What is unique about this bloc is the fact that it includes counties with various social-economic models and cultural-civilizational characteristics. BRICS is primarily a dialogue platform for discussing major international issues. At the same time the foreign policy of BRICS is based on the solid basis of economic and military-political potential of the member states. BRICS offers new ways of reforming the system of international regulation.

Recently, human rights in the Russian juridical and political literature attract quite a big attention. The wide consideration on development of human rights under globalization will allow to ensure their full enforcement in the modern world, what will positively affect both the domestic and international relations. ; В последнее время правам человека в российской юридической и политической литературе уделяется большое внимание. Широкое осмысление развития прав человека в ходе глобализации позволит наладить их более полное обеспечение в современном мире, что положительно отразится на внутригосударственных и международных отношениях.

This article analyses Brazil's development assistance, which includes scientific and technical cooperation as well as, along with humanitarian aid and participation in peacekeeping operations. Scientific and technical cooperation involves promoting education, health and agriculture, applying new technologies in production and eliminating hunger and poverty in the developing countries. Brazil's policy began with a series of steps, starting with supporting national liberation movements in Africa and Asia, supporting the Non-Aligned Movement, increasing its participation in the North-South dialogue, and contributing to the formation of a new international economic order. Brazil promotes becoming an important instrument of foreign policy, which is based on principles of equal cooperation, respect for international law and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. Improving the mechanisms for development cooperation includes making sure aid is transparent, expanding partnerships in promoting development, attending to the needs of developing countries, moving away from direct transfers of money, and attracting and training the population of the recipient country. There are more than 100 federal government institutions in Brazil involved in international cooperation, which reflects the diversification of the country's foreign policy. The Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs plays an important role in systematizing the process of cooperation, defining the concept and implementing projects in the framework of bilateral, trilateral and multilateral cooperation and assistance to the countries of the world, especially in Latin America and Africa. For Brazil, promoting development is not limited to exchanging experiences in successful programme implementation, but also includes developing new models for scientific and technical cooperation that are the basis for innovative, complex projects that expand opportunities for national growth, the transnationalization of Brazilian business and increased foreign trade. ABC has been pursuing a new cooperation strategy since 2008 that involves a logical matrix for each project to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian model of development assistance. Brazil's role in promoting development and its transition from donor to mediator is notable.

It focuses on the historical and political determinants of the political culture, Brazilians` struggle for national independence and creation of a multi-ethnic Brazilian nation. The peculiarity of the historical past has led to the particular political system of Brazilian society, as well as to the specific features of the national character of Brazilians and their influence on political mentality. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of the modern political culture of Brazilian society, such as heterogeneity of regional subcultures, combination of traditionalism and modernist tendencies, high political activity of Brazilians and others. = Значительное внимание уделяется историческим и политическим детерминантам политической культуры, борьбе бразильцев за национальную независимость, складыванию полиэтничной бразильской нации. Своеобразие исторического прошлого обусловило особенности политической системы бразильского общества, а также специфические черты национального характера народа, их влияние на политический менталитет. Раскрываются особенности политической культуры современного бразильского общества, такие как гетерогенность региональных субкультур, сочетание традиционализма и модернистских тенденций, высокая политическая активность бразильцев.

Участие Бразилии во Второй мировой войне привело ко многим значительным изменениям. Отношения с США сыграли свою роль в решении Бразилии отправить войска на фронт, однако еще целый ряд внешних и внутренних факторов определял позицию Бразилии в войне и направление ее взаимодействия с США. Ключевые слова: Бразильский экспедиционный корпус, Вторая мировая война, военное сотрудничество, международные соглашения, Ж. Варгас. The participation of Brazil in World War II led to many significant changes. Relations with the US played a role in making the decision by Brazil to send its troops to the front but a whole range of internal and external factors determined Brazil's position in the war and the direction of its interaction with the US. Keywords: Brazilian Expeditionary Force, World War II, military cooperation, international agreements, J. Vargas.

Ключевые слова: Африка, Бразилия, взаимодействие, внешняя политика, отношения. = Keywords: Afriсa, Brasil, cooperation, foreign policy, relations. Раздел "Международные отношения". ; В статье рассмотрены политические, экономические и культурные аспекты взаимодействия Бразилии со странами африканского континента в начале XXI в. Взаимоотношения Бразилии со странами Африки сформировались на основе исторической, этнической и культурной общности, что дает основание латиноамериканскому государству заявлять о них как об «особых». На современном этапе бразильская внешняя политика характеризуется усилением активности в данном направлении. Это нашло проявление в серии инициатив по укреплению сотрудничества по линии «Юг — Юг». = The article considers political, economic and cultural aspects of cooperation between Brazil and countries of the African continent at the beginning of the XXI century. Relations between Brazil and African countries were formed on the basis of a common history, ethnicity, and culture that gives this Latin American country grounds to declare them as «special». Contemporary Brazilian foreign policy is characterized by an increased activity in this area. It found reflection in a series of initiatives to strengthen the «South — South» cooperation.

Wandering spiders (family Ctenidae) have multicomponent venoms in which more than
500 different peptides and proteins, called ctenitoxins, have been identified. The main
components of the venom are cysteine-rich peptides containing an inhibitory cystine knot
(ICK) motif. The pharmacological diversity of ctenitoxins allows us to consider some of them
as prototypes for the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic pain,
Huntington's disease, erectile dysfunction and glaucoma. According to the location of
cysteine residues in the amino acid sequence, ctenitoxins are divided into 14 groups
containing from 6 to 14 Cys residues. Currently, the spatial structure of only one ctenitoxin,
ω-CNTX-Pn4a (Pha1β or Tx3-6) from the Brazilian wandering spider Phoneutria nigriventer,
has been determined. Another 10 structural groups of ctenitoxins have homology with the
known spatial structures of spider toxins of other families and other proteins, and for three
groups the structural homologues are unknown. In this paper, we proposed possible disulfide
bonding patterns for all groups of ctenitoxins. A comparison of the obtained schemes with the
predictions of the AlphaFold 2.0 program shows that this neural network does not always
correctly predict the structures of cysteine-rich peptides, especially if the structures of mature
molecules without leader sequences are modeled.

This article is investigating the initial public offerings (IPO) activity at world's largest stock exchanges in 2001–2012. The main goal of the article is to determine the main trends of the IPO process at the world largest Stock Exchanges in 2001—2012. To achieve this goal the the author examines world and regional exchange centers of IPO-activity concentration and dentifies the factors determining the leading position of particular stock exchanges in various countries and regions in different periods of time. The autor coliects and analyses data from annual «IPO Watch Europe» reports provided by PwC Company in 2001—2012. The obtained time-series gives the opportunity to examine the variations of IPO-activity at different world Stock Exchanges along two dimensions: the overall volume and value of IPO deals at various Stock Exchanges. The analysis proves that the IPO-activity was mostly concentrated at European, US and the Greater China stock exchanges during the period under con sideration. The study reveals the shift of the world IPO-activity to Asian equity markets, with high IPO-activity indicators reported in emerging market econo mies. Brazilian, Saudi Arabian, Polish stock exchanges demonstrate the highest offerings indicators in this group. Thus, they are expected to become the new re gional centers of IPO-activity in future. In order to maintain or increase the current IPO-activity indicators ex-leaders had to resort to the consolidation of existing facilities throng M&A processes.

Problem and purpose. Along with the obvious benefits, the digitalization of society carries its own risks. At the same time, in modern psychology there is not enough information about the differences in representations of such risks in different cultures. The purpose of the article is to empirically verify the assumption about the dependence of risk perceptions on the socio-cultural context. Methodology. The empirical part of the study was carried out through questionnaires, collected in different universities in three countries during academic and scientific visits (Russia: n = 112, Romania: n = 94, Brazil: n = 98) and drafting the evaluation reports of social risks perceptions (Abric coefficient). During the translation of the questionnaires, we used the focus group method and the method of translation of psychodiagnostic tools and questionnaires (S.V. Kudrya). Results. The data obtained showed that perceptions of risks depend on general perceptions of risks in the culture of a given country, legislation in the field of Internet security, as well as the duration and experience of interaction in social networks of the Internet. Thus, the" core " of the social representation of Russian and Romanian students about the results of risky behavior on the Internet are unproductive behavior in the information environment (TCP-92); demonstration of indifference (TCP-78) or aggressiveness (TCP-75), and for the Brazilian sample, the demonstration of psychological affliction is more typical (TCP-65). In addition, the lexical-semantic analysis of terms and concepts in the field of riskology used for empirical survey of students showed the presence of semantic cross-cultural differences in their understanding. Discussion and conclusion. The data obtained allow us to say that social perceptions of risks are influenced by socio-cultural and legislative peculiarities: The empirical part of the study showed a clear difference between the "core" and "periphery" both in the cross-cultural dimension and within the country samples. ...

The subject. The article is devoted to different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil, their analyzing, depending on main goal of coercion.The purpose of the paper is to extend constitutional knowledge about measures of constitutional legal enforcement and to demonstrate generic character of constitutional legal enforcement theory for different countries.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and legal methods.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes different measures of constitutional legal enforcement in the constitutional law of Brazil. Constitutions of foreign countries contain various measures of constitutional coercion as the main way to resolve constitutional conflicts.Among the measures of constitutional and legal coercion enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution are: holding the President accountable for abuse of power; temporary termination of the powers of the President of the Republic during the process of bringing him to justice; prohibition of the President and Vice-President of the Republic to leave the territory of the country for a certain period without the approval of the Parliament; recognition by the National Congress of the positions of the President and Vice-President as vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days of taking office;holding new elections when the positions of the President and Vice-President are declared vacant if they fail to exercise their constitutional powers within 10 days from the date of taking office.Conclusions. Depending on the constitutional system, the history of the state, measures of constitutional coercion may be different in content, but it remains possible to classify such measures depending on the main purpose of their application. The system of measures of constitutional legal enforcement, including measures of prevention, suppression, restoration, responsibility and security is applicable not only for the Russian constitutional law, but also for constitutional law of foreign countries, in particular, Brazil. ; Рассматриваются различные меры конституционно-правового принуждения, существующие в конституционном праве Бразилии. Утверждается, что действующая Конституция Бразилии представляет собой подробный и самобытный акт конституционного права, содержащий в себе различные меры по разрешению конституционно-правовых конфликтов, изучение которых расширит научные представления о системе мер конституционно-правового принуждения в целом.

In his answers, W. L. Euler emphasizes a significant role of the phenomenon of being-in-common in the life of Brazil and entire Latin America (which is far more essential here, in his view, than in Germany) and its particular relevance in today's world and Latin-American science. Highlighting the severity of social relationships resulting from the gap in living standards between the rich and the many poor, on the one hand, and a growing political influence of financial capital, on the other, Euler stresses the increasing tension and conflict in social relations in Brazil and neighbouring countries due to the COVID 19 pandemic. It has disrupted the conventional migration activities of Latin Americans and the established economic, trade and cultural contacts. Simultaneously, the pandemic has exacerbated the difficult living situation of the poorest segments of the population and their protest and sometimes criminal activity. The authorities responded to the protest by strengthening repressive policies and restricting democratic freedoms. All this allows us to speak of a crisis in being-in-common. Commenting on the developments in science, Euler underlines both the urgency of jointness in education and research and the negative role of the pandemic, which, in practice, has interrupted the intensive scientific and educational interaction of the Brazilian Centres for Science and Education with neighbouring countries. ; В своих ответах В. Л. Ойлер отмечает большую роль феномена совместности в жизни Бразилии и всей Латинской Америки (значительно более существенную здесь, по его мнению, чем, скажем, в его родной Германии), а также ее особое значение в современной мировой и латиноамериканской науке. Отмечая остроту социальных отношений в Бразилии, вызванную, с одной стороны, большим разрывом уровней жизни между богатыми и многочисленными бедными, а с другой – возрастающим политическим влиянием финансового капитала, Ойлер акцентирует ситуацию усиления социального напряжения и обострения конфликтности в социальных отношениях в Бразилии и соседних странах в связи с пандемией Covid19. Пандемия нарушила традиционную миграционную активность латиноамериканцев, их привычные торгово-экономические и культурные контакты. При этом она обострила тяжелую жизненную ситуацию беднейших слоев населения и их протестную (а порой и криминальную) активность, на что власть ответила усилением репрессивной политики, ограничениями демократических свобод. Все это позволяет говорить о кризисе совместности. Переходя к ситуации в науке, Ойлер и тут подчеркивает и насущность совместности для образования и научных исследований, и негативную роль пандемии, фактически прервавшую интенсивное научное и образовательное общение бразильских центров науки и образования с соседними странами.

The analysis of articles and normative documents for quality control and regional origin of wines was carried out. Chemical composition of the grapes and the wine has been considered, qualitative and quantitative changes during vinification, maturation and aging of wine were shown. The basic group of compounds contents and ratios which determine the qualitative characteristics of wines, as well as have an important role in the formation of aroma and taste of the drink was found. The prerequisites for the development of the market of counterfeit products and wine falsification methods were discussed. The analysis of scientific literature and regulatory framework governing the quality of the wines on the territory of Russia and the European Union and the existing approaches to determine their authenticity was conducted, the advantages and disadvantages are shown. The examples of using different criteria for the establishment of natural and adulterated wines have been discussed, as well as their approaches to identify and create a comprehensive system of wine production quality evaluation using methods of physicochemical analysis. The main methodological approaches to establish a wine regional origin, combining the capabilities of modern methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and statistics are analyzed, examples of their use in practice are shown.Keywords: wine, methods of analysis, quality, authenticity, regional origin, falsification, mathematical modeling (Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.001 Yu.F. Yakuba1, A.A. Kaunova2, Z.A. Temerdashev2, V.O. Titarenko2, A.A. Halafjan2 1North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russian Federation2 Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russian FederationREFERENCES1. 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Установлены основные группы соединений, содержания и соотношения которых определяют качественные характеристики вин, а также играют важную роль в формировании аромата и вкуса напитка. Обсуждены предпосылки развития рынка поддельной продукции и способы фальсификации вин. Проведен анализ научной литературы и нормативной базы, регламентирующей качество вин на территории России и стран Европейского союза, существующих подходов к определению их подлинности, указаны достоинства и недостатки. Обсуждены примеры использования различных критериев для установления натуральных и фальсифицированных вин, а также подходов их комплексной идентификации и создания системы оценки качества винодельческой продукции с помощью методов физико-химического анализа. Проанализированы основные методические подходы к установлению региональной принадлежности вин, сочетающие возможности современных методов анализа, математического моделирования и статистики, продемонстрированы примеры их использования на практике.Ключевые слова: вина, методы анализа, качество, подлинность, региональная принадлежность, фальсификация, математическое моделированиеDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.001