Suchergebnisse

This dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the link between migrant ethnicity, space and socio-economic inequality. In the last three decades, the migratory pressure in Europe has reached significant levels. The massive flux of different ethnic groups has created significant tensions in many countries, causing widespread political conflicts and is now eroding the credibility of traditional political institutions. Here, we focused on three main issues, i.e., the residential segregation of immigrants, the immigrant's earnings at the neighbourhood level and the school choice of immigrant families. Our approach has been quantitative and has tried to combine and integrate certain social, economic and geographical factors. The core of our study has been a detailed analysis on a census-style database on the Italian city of Brescia, which permitted us to geolocalise households at a block level. The structure of the dissertation includes four main chapters followed by a conclusion chapter. First presents an extensive literature review that examined various socio-economic aspects of migrations. We first considered housing market discrimination, segregation theories, segregation measurement. Besides we introduced literature on labour market discrimination, social inequality and neighbourhood and network effects. Furthermore, we reviewed second generation problems, education inequality, social cohesion and assimilation theories. The second presents an empirical study on Brescia, one of the most relevant cities in Italy for the share of immigrants. While this context allowed us to reflect on complex forms of segregation in South Europe, we explored segregation in the city. We analysed segregation by aggregate ethnic groups to cover the whole city immigrant population. These aggregates are East Europeans, South Asians, Middle Easterns and North Africans, Sub Saharan Africans, Chinese, East and South East Asians and South Americans. Segregation is particularly strong for South Asians and Chinese communities. The third chapter examines neighbourhood effect on immigrants' earnings. The chapter considers the economic and social nexus of segregation by estimating neighbourhood effects on immigrants' earnings within an urban context. For doing this, we linked socio-economic and spatial-demographic characteristics of immigrants by following an "egohood" approach, which jointly considers socialisation and proximity effects. An egohood is an ego-centred circular neighbourhood of given dimension around individual residence. We found that immigrants in areas with high probability to meet co-ethnics had lower earnings; there was no effect for the probability to meet natives. The fourth examines ethnic differentials in school choices in primary school as a determinant of education inequality. Education inequality is crucial in countries receiving considerable levels of migrations. We hypothesised that households choose schools by homophily, i.e. they chose a school with a high percentage of co-ethnics. Furthermore, we hypothesised that and households prefer schools with a high share of high socio economics status-pupils while being constrained by geographical proximity. Households are sensitive to socio-economic status, ethnic composition and home-school distance. However, we also found that choices by second-generation immigrants, i.e., those who were born in Italy, had lower differences with natives, while born abroad children display different choices. The fifth presents conclusions, limitation and future developments of this dissertation. Finally, some chapters reproduce independent research articles. This implies that some repetitions are possible, especially when discussing previous research and presenting the study context.

Abstract. The study of the interactions between natural and anthropogenic risks is necessary for quantitative risk assessment in areas affected by active natural processes, high population density and strong economic activities. We present a multiple quantitative risk assessment on a 420 km2 high risk area (Brescia and surroundings, Lombardy, Northern Italy), for flood, seismic and industrial accident scenarios. Expected economic annual losses are quantified for each scenario and annual exceedance probability-loss curves are calculated. Uncertainty on the input variables is propagated by means of three different methodologies: Monte-Carlo-Simulation, First Order Second Moment, and point estimate. Expected losses calculated by means of the three approaches show similar values for the whole study area, about 64 000 000 € for earthquakes, about 10 000 000 € for floods, and about 3000 € for industrial accidents. Locally, expected losses assume quite different values if calculated with the three different approaches, with differences up to 19%. The uncertainties on the expected losses and their propagation, performed with the three methods, are compared and discussed in the paper. In some cases, uncertainty reaches significant values (up to almost 50% of the expected loss). This underlines the necessity of including uncertainty in quantitative risk assessment, especially when it is used as a support for territorial planning and decision making. The method is developed thinking at a possible application at a regional-national scale, on the basis of data available in Italy over the national territory.

PrefaceIntroduction Pedestrians, urban spaces and health, M. TiraNetwork and infrastructure to improve pedestrian mobility E-Thinking the road infrastructure for new urban mobility needs, G. CantisaniSensitivity analysis and the alternative optimization of the pedestrian level of service: Some considerations applied to a pedestrian street in Greece, T. Campisi, A. Canale, G. Tesoriere, S. Basbas, A. Nikiforiadis & P. VaitsisUrban spaces and mobility in Makkah city: Ordinary organization and big events, R. Bahshwan, R. De Lotto & C. BerizziIncreasing urban walkability: Evidences from a participatory process based on spatial configuration analysis, P. Pontrandolfi, B. Murgante, F. Scorza, R. Carbone & L. SaganeitiAuditing streets' pedestrian compatibilitY: A study of school sites' requalification, M. Ignaccolo, G. Inturri, G. Calabrò, V. Torrisi, N. Giuffrida & M. Le PiraSustainable and resilient urban spacesImproving city resilience through demand and supply urban dynamics, D. Chondrogianni & Y.J. StephanedesUrban resilience and anthropic risks. The case of the polcevera valley in Genoa, S. Candia, F. Pirlone, I. Spadaro & A.C. TaramassoGamification for the enhancement of urban spaces: Cases and tools, M. Sciaccaluga & I. DelponteNature-based solutions for urban resilience, R. De Lotto & F. PintoDefinition of pedestrian friendly street parameters and evaluation in the case of Erzurum city, E.N. Sari, S. Yilmaz & B.G. YilmazWell-being, perception, participation and mobility strategies. The sustainability of the contemporary city, M. Lisi, F. Fratini & A. CappuccittiWalkability and redevelopment The walkability of city with difficult terrain -- evaluation of barriers to use of spatial qualities, for users and main guidelines for improvement, I. MrakSpillover effect of urban regeneration on pedestrian accessibility and walkability, M. Tiboni & F. BotticiniPedestrian mobility as urban regeneration strategy, E. Conticelli, E. Bruni & S. TondelliUrban accessibility as an approach for the regeneration of urban peripheries. The experience of the sant'avendrace district in Cagliari, T. Congiu, V. Fais & A. PlaisantIn field assessment of existing pedestrian paths: A comprehensive approach towards pedestrian oriented neighbourhoods, S. Rossetti & M. ZazziA citizen science approach to assess the perceived walkable environment and identify elements that influence pedestrian experience at the University of Malta, C. Cañas, M. Attard & M. HaklayFreewheeling thoughts about public space, M.R. RonzoniGreen infrastructures/Public transportGreen infrastructures for urban and territorial regeneration. The sustainability of contemporary city of somerville, S. CiociBoston healthy city: The harborwalk experience, L. KapplerThe node-place model to improve walkability in railway station catchment areas to promote healthy city environments. An application to the municipality of cercola (NA), G. Carpentieri, C. Guida & L. FagaHSR stations' urban redevelopments as an impulse for pedestrian mobility. an evaluation model for a comparative perspective, M. Carra & P. VenturaSustainable, safe and resilient urban spacesOpen source data and tools for disaster risk management: Definition of urban exposure index, R. De Lotto, C. Pietra & E.M. VencoStrategies able to improve the level of safety and protection from seismic and hydro-geo-morphological risks, M.A. Bedini, F. Bronzini & G. MarinelliFlood vulnerability functions for people and vehicles in urban areas, M. Pilotti & L. MilanesiThe reduction of the population's residential exposure to radon risk in the municipal urban plan, R. Gerundo, M. Grimaldi & A. MarraAssessing the economic and health impact of soft mobility. The lombardy region case study, E. Turrini, C. Carnevale, E. De Angelis & M. VoltaPleasant and attractive public spaces The public space through an aesthetic ethics, A. Tommasoli & L. TommasoliImageability of geo-mining heritage. Case stydy of nebida settlement, geo-mining park Sardinia (Italy), N. Beretić & T. CongiuPedestrian healthcare and beauty: Free-accessibility design plan in taranto (IT), A. Massaro & F. RotondoThe effect of movida on residential property prices: An example from Turin, E. Ottoz, P. Pavese & L. SellaSoft mobility and perception of urban landscapeImproving the walkability for next-generation cities and territories, through the reuse of available data and raster analyses, A. Cittadino, G. Garnero, P. Guerreschi, E. Eynard, G. Melis, F. Fiermonte & L. La RicciaInvestigating the importance of walk stages as a factor in the choice between car and public transport in urban areas, D. van Soest, M.R Tight & C.D.F. RogersMoving through the quarries park. the case of Brescia, M. Tononi & A. PiettaPedestrian road safety Methodology for data processing for road accidents that involve vulnerable road users. The case of Brescia: Pedestrian Road Safety, G. Maternini, M. Bonera, M.G. Speranza, C. Archetti & M. MartinelloAnalyses of factors influencing children behaviour while crossing the conflict zones at urban intersections, I.I. Otković, A. Deluka-Tibljaš, S. Šurdonja, A. Canale, G. Tesoriere & T. CampisiA hybrid approach for prioritising road safety interventions in urban areas, S.V. Gomes, C. Roque & J.L. CardosoDefining the characteristics of walking paths to promote an active ageing, C. Cottrill, F. Gaglione, C. Gargiulo & F. ZucaroEffects of elderly people's walking difficulty on concerns and anxiety while walking on roads, T. MatsuuraHealthy cities for allShared space and visually impaired persons, F. AnwarTopographical and physiological data collection for urban handbike tracks design, A. Cudicio, A. Girardello, F. Negro, C. Orizio, A. Arenghi, G. Legnani & M. SerpelloniProactive city. the city as a gym for active design, E. Marchigiani, I. Garofolo & B. ChiarelliElderly mobility under the microscope: A multidisciplinary perspective, E. Pantelaki, E. Maggi & D. CrottiParticipatory experiences supporting more healthy and active cities. The research intervention "Anziani&Città", E. DoratoPromoting healthy citiesThe missing path: Promiscuous bicycle lanes in urban areas, R. Fistola, M. Gallo, R.A. La Rocca & R. BattarraAn operational framework for healthy regeneration practices, T. Congiu, A. Plaisant & S. UnaliConclusive remarks Scientific outputs and research needs trough bibliometric mapping of LWC discussion, A. Richiedei & M. PezzagnoAuthor index

This Master Thesis project in International Environmental Studies, Noragric, NMBU, focuses on environmental crimes related to the illegal waste cycle in Northern Italy. The research aims to study the perceptions of the public about the slow violence processes caused by environmental crimes of the illegal waste trade, and how the public's perceptions are affected whenever the offenders are part of organized crime groups, the ecomafie. The study will discuss the concept of slow violence elaborated by Nixon (2011) according to the data collected and compared to theoretical sources. The project combines primary data, gathered through an online survey of the population of the province of Brescia (Italy) with secondary sources. The research is supported by the description of the legislative framework about environmental crimes, especially focused on waste trade and the development of the normative that address activities led by mafia-types organizations. With the goal of giving an exhaustive understanding of the phenomenon of ecomafie, the research will describe the main characteristics of the criminal activities and their modus operandi. ; M-IES

Today, citizens advocate greater environmental sustainability, better services and the improvement of urban quality by promoting safer mobility, especially for the most vulnerable road users. Addressing these issues, Town and Infrastructure Planning for Safety and Urban Quality contains papers presented at the XXIII International Conference "Living and Walking in Cities" (Brescia, Italy, 15-16 June 2017) The contributions discuss town planning issues, look at best practices and research findings across the broad spectrum of urban and transport planning, with particular attention to the safety of pedestrians in the city. The main topics of the book are: - Urban regeneration. A focus on walkability (vulnerable road users; boosting and planning soft mobility)- Road safety and urban planning - vulnerable road users: planning for safety (integrated land use and transport planning; methodological approaches and case studies; integrated tools for town and transport planning; shaping public spaces and walkability; transport solutions for tourism)- Innovative and traditional solutions for Italian cities- Extra-European approaches to town and infrastructure planning- Different perspectives in road safety: prevention, infrastructure, sharing- Advances in road safetyTown and Infrastructure Planning for Safety and Urban Quality is a powerful plea for a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach to urban mobility and planning, and will be of interest to academics, consultants and practitioners interested in these areas.