Problematic of Brexit in the Context of Company Law On June 23 of 2016 a referendum of British citizens expressed a support for the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union. Despite the fact, this public decision was advisory, it paved the way further for United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The paper discusses the Court of Justice of the European Union assessment of the United Kingdom unilateral notice of withdrawal. As the formation of a state exit from the European Union is taking place for the first time, many legal issues have arisen, including alternative, 28th legal regime of company law and cross-border mergers between United Kingdom companies and European Union member states companies. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers in the field of freedom of establishment in national, European and international regulation, taking into account the conditions applicable to reorganization and legislation invoked in European Union, United Kingdom and the Republic of Lithuania. Relevant cases brought before the United Kingdom Supreme Court help to understand how European Union law will be treated in the United Kingdom after Brexit transitional period if one of the parties of the merger or establishment is in a Member State of the European Union. The paper also discusses the 28th alternative legal regime of company law and its post-Brexit status. The aim is to explore the perspectives of the European Union-formed institutes - European Company (SE) and European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) in the United Kingdom in the context of state exits. Thus, the paper reviews the prospects of Brexit in the context of cross-border mergers and the 28th alternative legal regime.
Problematic of Brexit in the Context of Company Law On June 23 of 2016 a referendum of British citizens expressed a support for the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union. Despite the fact, this public decision was advisory, it paved the way further for United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The paper discusses the Court of Justice of the European Union assessment of the United Kingdom unilateral notice of withdrawal. As the formation of a state exit from the European Union is taking place for the first time, many legal issues have arisen, including alternative, 28th legal regime of company law and cross-border mergers between United Kingdom companies and European Union member states companies. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers in the field of freedom of establishment in national, European and international regulation, taking into account the conditions applicable to reorganization and legislation invoked in European Union, United Kingdom and the Republic of Lithuania. Relevant cases brought before the United Kingdom Supreme Court help to understand how European Union law will be treated in the United Kingdom after Brexit transitional period if one of the parties of the merger or establishment is in a Member State of the European Union. The paper also discusses the 28th alternative legal regime of company law and its post-Brexit status. The aim is to explore the perspectives of the European Union-formed institutes - European Company (SE) and European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) in the United Kingdom in the context of state exits. Thus, the paper reviews the prospects of Brexit in the context of cross-border mergers and the 28th alternative legal regime.
Problematic of Brexit in the Context of Company Law On June 23 of 2016 a referendum of British citizens expressed a support for the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union. Despite the fact, this public decision was advisory, it paved the way further for United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The paper discusses the Court of Justice of the European Union assessment of the United Kingdom unilateral notice of withdrawal. As the formation of a state exit from the European Union is taking place for the first time, many legal issues have arisen, including alternative, 28th legal regime of company law and cross-border mergers between United Kingdom companies and European Union member states companies. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers in the field of freedom of establishment in national, European and international regulation, taking into account the conditions applicable to reorganization and legislation invoked in European Union, United Kingdom and the Republic of Lithuania. Relevant cases brought before the United Kingdom Supreme Court help to understand how European Union law will be treated in the United Kingdom after Brexit transitional period if one of the parties of the merger or establishment is in a Member State of the European Union. The paper also discusses the 28th alternative legal regime of company law and its post-Brexit status. The aim is to explore the perspectives of the European Union-formed institutes - European Company (SE) and European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) in the United Kingdom in the context of state exits. Thus, the paper reviews the prospects of Brexit in the context of cross-border mergers and the 28th alternative legal regime.
Problematic of Brexit in the Context of Company Law On June 23 of 2016 a referendum of British citizens expressed a support for the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union. Despite the fact, this public decision was advisory, it paved the way further for United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The paper discusses the Court of Justice of the European Union assessment of the United Kingdom unilateral notice of withdrawal. As the formation of a state exit from the European Union is taking place for the first time, many legal issues have arisen, including alternative, 28th legal regime of company law and cross-border mergers between United Kingdom companies and European Union member states companies. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers in the field of freedom of establishment in national, European and international regulation, taking into account the conditions applicable to reorganization and legislation invoked in European Union, United Kingdom and the Republic of Lithuania. Relevant cases brought before the United Kingdom Supreme Court help to understand how European Union law will be treated in the United Kingdom after Brexit transitional period if one of the parties of the merger or establishment is in a Member State of the European Union. The paper also discusses the 28th alternative legal regime of company law and its post-Brexit status. The aim is to explore the perspectives of the European Union-formed institutes - European Company (SE) and European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) in the United Kingdom in the context of state exits. Thus, the paper reviews the prospects of Brexit in the context of cross-border mergers and the 28th alternative legal regime.
Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama bene svarbiausio šiuo metu Europos politinėje arenoje vykstančio "Brexit" proceso įtaka Europos Sąjungos piliečio, kaip imigranto, statusui Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Šio darbo tikslas yra įvertinti galimus Europos Sąjungos piliečio statuso pokyčius skirtingų "Brexit" scenarijų kontekste. Siekiant šio tikslo išskirti pagrindiniai šio darbo uždaviniai: 1. pristatyti klasikinio realizmo koncepciją; 2. išanalizuoti migracijos sampratą; 3. aptarti Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politikos raidą; 4.išskirti pagrindinius ir labiausiai tikėtinus "Brexit" scenarijus po planuojamos išstojimo iš Europos Sąjungos datos; 5. išanalizuoti britų nuomonę apie Europos Sąjungos piliečius "Brexit" proceso metu; 6.įvertinti Europos Sąjungos piliečių, gyvenančių Jungtinėje Karalystėje, dabartinę padėtį ir lūkesčius. Kadangi nuo pat Anglies ir Plieno bendrijos pradžios Jungtinė Karalystė buvo nusiteikusi itin euroskeptiškai ir tai jaučiasi iki pat šių dienų, šiame darbe aptarta ir Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politikos vystymosi raida, privedusi šalį iki 2016 m. birželio 23 d. vykusio referendumo, kurio metu nedidele balsų persvara buvo nuspręsta galutinai pasitraukti iš Europos Sąjungos, pasinaudojant Lisabonos sutarties 50 straipsniu. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti galimų "Brexit" scenarijų įtaką Europos Sąjungos piliečiams gyvenantiems Jungtinėje Karalystėje, įvertinant tris scenarijus pagal apsibrėžtas tezes: 1. Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politika joje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių atžvilgiu keisis užbaigus "Brexit" procesą su sutartimi; 2. Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politika joje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių atžvilgiu keisis užbaigus "Brexit" procesą be sutarties; 3. Atidėjus "Brexit" procesą galimai keisis Jungtinėje Karalystėje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių kaip imigrantų statusas. Šiai analizei buvo pasirinktas scenarijų konstravimo metodas. Norint kuo objektyviau ištirti esamą ir galimą imigrantų iš Europos Sąjungos padėtį panaudota antrinė statistinė duomenų analizė, padėjusi įvertinti pokyčius Jungtinėje Karalystėje tiek statistiškai, tiek ir analizuojant pačių britų nuomonę po referendumo 2016 m. kuomet buvo nuspręsta pasitraukti iš Europos Sąjungos. Tam, kad būtų galima susiformuoti aktualią nuomonę apie šiuo metu Jungtinėje Karalystėje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių padėtį, buvo atlikta 52 respondentų apklausa apie dabartines jų gyvenimo sąlygas, kylančias kliūtis bei ateities lūkesčius. Scenarijų analizė ir gautų duomenų rezultatai sudarė prielaidas teigti, kad "Brexit" procesas gali sukelti "Domino efektą" visoje Europos Sąjungoje, todėl šiame darbe įvairiais rakursais buvo aptarta ir ši teorija. ; This master thesis analyzes the impact of currently the most important process of the European political scene – Brexit and its impact on the status of a citizen of European Union as an immigrant in the United Kingdom. The aim of this work is to assess possible changes in the status of EU citizen in the context of different Brexit scenarios. In order to achieve this objective, the main tasks are defined: 1. introduce the concept of classical realism; 2. analyze the concept of migration; 3. discuss the evolution of UK migration policy; 4. describe the main and most probable scenarios of Brexit after the planned date of withdrawal from the European Union; 5. analyze the possible impact to views of British on the status of EU citizens during the Brexit process; 6. assess the current situation and determine the expectations of European Union citizens living in the United Kingdom. Since the early beginning of the Coal and Steel Community and till this day, the United Kingdom has been extremely eurosceptic. Therefore, this paper also discusses the evolution of the UK migration policy which led the country to the referendum that took place in 23 June, 2016, when with a small difference of votes it was decided to leave the European Union, using Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. The purpose of this work is to analyze the impact of possible Brexit scenarios for EU citizens residing in the United Kingdom, leading to the analysis of three scenarios according to established theses: 1. the migration policy of the United Kingdom regarding the citizens of European Union residing there after the Brexit with an agreement will change; 2. the United Kingdom's migration policy regarding EU citizens residing there after the Brexit without a treaty will change; 3. the postponement of the Brexit process is likely to change the status of European Union citizens living in the United Kingdom as immigrants. The scenario construction method was chosen for this analysis. The secondary statistical analysis of the data was also used in order to examine the current and potential situations of immigrants from the European Union in the most possible objective way, with the goal to assess changes in the UK both statistically and by analyzing British opinion and views after the referendum in 2016 when the decision to leave the European Union was made. In order to gain relevant perception of the situation from European Union citizens currently living in the UK, a survey consisting of questions about their current living conditions, obstacles they face and their expectations for the future, was conducted with 52 respondents. Due to scenario analysis and results obtained it is possible to state that the Brexit process may produce a "Domino effect" across the European Union Therefore, this theory in different aspects is also discussed in this work. ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakultetas ; Politologijos katedra
On 29th March 2017, the United Kingdom expressed its intention to leave the Union. In this way, Article 50 of the EU Treaty has been activated and the fate of millions of people and their families who have enjoyed the rights granted by the Union was in an uncertain situation. Therefore, Brexit negotiations sought a compromise on measures to ensure the rights of Union citizens residing in the United Kingdom and citizens of United Kingdom residing in the member states as well as their family members and on 29th to 30th of January 2020 a Withdrawal Agreement was ratified, which redefined the rights and status of international families. This master thesis aims to identify how and to what extend United Kingdoms withdrawal affects the rights and the status of members of international families. A study on the regulation of the withdrawal and the reasons behind Brexit has shown that Article 50 of the EU Treaty does not define on what specific rights must be agreed, but the United Kingdoms desire to end the free movement of persons determined that the content of the rights granted to international families had to be discussed separately. The work, therefore, examines the Union acquis on the movement of international families and distinguishes fundamental rights to be divided to two parts: substantive rights enabling international families to leave and enter, reside and remain, and procedural rights aimed to eliminate the effects resulting from the exercise of the movement rights. To determine what measures have been implemented a comparative analysis of Union acquis and Brexit regulations has been carried out. It has shown that the Withdrawal Agreement covers all excluded rights granted to international families, but their content varies at each stage of Brexit. The work also provides an analysis of the status of members of international families and stipulates that the legal status of international family members may change, depending on the model of the relationship to be applied at a particular stage of Brexit and the nationality of the family member as well as the place where rights are exercised. However, at any event, the Union and the United Kingdom are obliged to properly fulfil commitments arising from the withdrawal and ensure a consistent interpretation and implementation of adopted regulations.
On 29th March 2017, the United Kingdom expressed its intention to leave the Union. In this way, Article 50 of the EU Treaty has been activated and the fate of millions of people and their families who have enjoyed the rights granted by the Union was in an uncertain situation. Therefore, Brexit negotiations sought a compromise on measures to ensure the rights of Union citizens residing in the United Kingdom and citizens of United Kingdom residing in the member states as well as their family members and on 29th to 30th of January 2020 a Withdrawal Agreement was ratified, which redefined the rights and status of international families. This master thesis aims to identify how and to what extend United Kingdoms withdrawal affects the rights and the status of members of international families. A study on the regulation of the withdrawal and the reasons behind Brexit has shown that Article 50 of the EU Treaty does not define on what specific rights must be agreed, but the United Kingdoms desire to end the free movement of persons determined that the content of the rights granted to international families had to be discussed separately. The work, therefore, examines the Union acquis on the movement of international families and distinguishes fundamental rights to be divided to two parts: substantive rights enabling international families to leave and enter, reside and remain, and procedural rights aimed to eliminate the effects resulting from the exercise of the movement rights. To determine what measures have been implemented a comparative analysis of Union acquis and Brexit regulations has been carried out. It has shown that the Withdrawal Agreement covers all excluded rights granted to international families, but their content varies at each stage of Brexit. The work also provides an analysis of the status of members of international families and stipulates that the legal status of international family members may change, depending on the model of the relationship to be applied at a particular stage of Brexit and the nationality of the family member as well as the place where rights are exercised. However, at any event, the Union and the United Kingdom are obliged to properly fulfil commitments arising from the withdrawal and ensure a consistent interpretation and implementation of adopted regulations.
On 29th March 2017, the United Kingdom expressed its intention to leave the Union. In this way, Article 50 of the EU Treaty has been activated and the fate of millions of people and their families who have enjoyed the rights granted by the Union was in an uncertain situation. Therefore, Brexit negotiations sought a compromise on measures to ensure the rights of Union citizens residing in the United Kingdom and citizens of United Kingdom residing in the member states as well as their family members and on 29th to 30th of January 2020 a Withdrawal Agreement was ratified, which redefined the rights and status of international families. This master thesis aims to identify how and to what extend United Kingdoms withdrawal affects the rights and the status of members of international families. A study on the regulation of the withdrawal and the reasons behind Brexit has shown that Article 50 of the EU Treaty does not define on what specific rights must be agreed, but the United Kingdoms desire to end the free movement of persons determined that the content of the rights granted to international families had to be discussed separately. The work, therefore, examines the Union acquis on the movement of international families and distinguishes fundamental rights to be divided to two parts: substantive rights enabling international families to leave and enter, reside and remain, and procedural rights aimed to eliminate the effects resulting from the exercise of the movement rights. To determine what measures have been implemented a comparative analysis of Union acquis and Brexit regulations has been carried out. It has shown that the Withdrawal Agreement covers all excluded rights granted to international families, but their content varies at each stage of Brexit. The work also provides an analysis of the status of members of international families and stipulates that the legal status of international family members may change, depending on the model of the relationship to be applied at a particular stage of Brexit and the nationality of the family member as well as the place where rights are exercised. However, at any event, the Union and the United Kingdom are obliged to properly fulfil commitments arising from the withdrawal and ensure a consistent interpretation and implementation of adopted regulations.
On 29th March 2017, the United Kingdom expressed its intention to leave the Union. In this way, Article 50 of the EU Treaty has been activated and the fate of millions of people and their families who have enjoyed the rights granted by the Union was in an uncertain situation. Therefore, Brexit negotiations sought a compromise on measures to ensure the rights of Union citizens residing in the United Kingdom and citizens of United Kingdom residing in the member states as well as their family members and on 29th to 30th of January 2020 a Withdrawal Agreement was ratified, which redefined the rights and status of international families. This master thesis aims to identify how and to what extend United Kingdoms withdrawal affects the rights and the status of members of international families. A study on the regulation of the withdrawal and the reasons behind Brexit has shown that Article 50 of the EU Treaty does not define on what specific rights must be agreed, but the United Kingdoms desire to end the free movement of persons determined that the content of the rights granted to international families had to be discussed separately. The work, therefore, examines the Union acquis on the movement of international families and distinguishes fundamental rights to be divided to two parts: substantive rights enabling international families to leave and enter, reside and remain, and procedural rights aimed to eliminate the effects resulting from the exercise of the movement rights. To determine what measures have been implemented a comparative analysis of Union acquis and Brexit regulations has been carried out. It has shown that the Withdrawal Agreement covers all excluded rights granted to international families, but their content varies at each stage of Brexit. The work also provides an analysis of the status of members of international families and stipulates that the legal status of international family members may change, depending on the model of the relationship to be applied at a particular stage of Brexit and the nationality of the family member as well as the place where rights are exercised. However, at any event, the Union and the United Kingdom are obliged to properly fulfil commitments arising from the withdrawal and ensure a consistent interpretation and implementation of adopted regulations.
The Party-based Euroscepticism: The Influence of the European Refugee Crisis and Brexit in Denmark SUMMARY Over the past ten years, the European Union (EU) has endured a series of crises with 2015 Europe's refugee crisis and ongoing Brexit being the most prominent ones. In addition to the EU's crises, the EU has faced the rise of Euroscepticism. Scientists overwhelmingly agree that Euroscepticism and EU's crises are related, however, the relation between them are analyzed rarely and insufficiently. Taking this into account, this master thesis examines the link between recent EU's crises and party-based Euroscepticism in Denmark. The case of Denmark is extraordinary because of its rich history in case of Euroscepticism. Denmark is well known for its numerous referendums on EU integration, an exclusive right to opt-outs within EU's policy and the rise of Eurosceptic parties, which currently have more than one third seats of the Danish Parliament. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the Danish parties' electoral and other documents and ascertain the alterations in parties' positions towards EU and their Euroscepticism during the EU's crises. The tasks of thesis are: 1) to overview the studies of Euroscepticism and its shifts during the crises as well as to define hard and soft Euroscpeticism; 2) to propose the research design which woulde proper to analyze development of stances on EU and Euroscepticism during the crises; 3) to identify political parties positions on EU and its changes during the years 2011-2019; 4) trace the link between the recent crises and the development of party-based Euroscepticism and its content. The analysis showed that Refugee's crisis and Brexit have an visble yet different impact on parties' stances and Euroscepticism. During the Refugee's crisis parties did not change their stances, however, their stances' argumentation changed with respect to the crisis's themes and its impact is still visible. Meanwhile, Brexit had a strong impact on parties' stances right after the referendum as Eurosceptic parties tightened their stances radically. However, Brexit became a prolonged process and its impact on Euroscepticism decreased noticeably. During the analysis it turned out that the Eurosceptic parties are the only parties which are prone to change their stances, because all pro- European parties kept their pro-European stances during both crises. This could be explained by party's strategical position, because opposition parties are prone to be more Eurosceptic unless they have coalition potential, which could result in becoming pro-European party.
The Party-based Euroscepticism: The Influence of the European Refugee Crisis and Brexit in Denmark SUMMARY Over the past ten years, the European Union (EU) has endured a series of crises with 2015 Europe's refugee crisis and ongoing Brexit being the most prominent ones. In addition to the EU's crises, the EU has faced the rise of Euroscepticism. Scientists overwhelmingly agree that Euroscepticism and EU's crises are related, however, the relation between them are analyzed rarely and insufficiently. Taking this into account, this master thesis examines the link between recent EU's crises and party-based Euroscepticism in Denmark. The case of Denmark is extraordinary because of its rich history in case of Euroscepticism. Denmark is well known for its numerous referendums on EU integration, an exclusive right to opt-outs within EU's policy and the rise of Eurosceptic parties, which currently have more than one third seats of the Danish Parliament. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the Danish parties' electoral and other documents and ascertain the alterations in parties' positions towards EU and their Euroscepticism during the EU's crises. The tasks of thesis are: 1) to overview the studies of Euroscepticism and its shifts during the crises as well as to define hard and soft Euroscpeticism; 2) to propose the research design which woulde proper to analyze development of stances on EU and Euroscepticism during the crises; 3) to identify political parties positions on EU and its changes during the years 2011-2019; 4) trace the link between the recent crises and the development of party-based Euroscepticism and its content. The analysis showed that Refugee's crisis and Brexit have an visble yet different impact on parties' stances and Euroscepticism. During the Refugee's crisis parties did not change their stances, however, their stances' argumentation changed with respect to the crisis's themes and its impact is still visible. Meanwhile, Brexit had a strong impact on parties' stances right after the referendum as Eurosceptic parties tightened their stances radically. However, Brexit became a prolonged process and its impact on Euroscepticism decreased noticeably. During the analysis it turned out that the Eurosceptic parties are the only parties which are prone to change their stances, because all pro- European parties kept their pro-European stances during both crises. This could be explained by party's strategical position, because opposition parties are prone to be more Eurosceptic unless they have coalition potential, which could result in becoming pro-European party.
The Party-based Euroscepticism: The Influence of the European Refugee Crisis and Brexit in Denmark SUMMARY Over the past ten years, the European Union (EU) has endured a series of crises with 2015 Europe's refugee crisis and ongoing Brexit being the most prominent ones. In addition to the EU's crises, the EU has faced the rise of Euroscepticism. Scientists overwhelmingly agree that Euroscepticism and EU's crises are related, however, the relation between them are analyzed rarely and insufficiently. Taking this into account, this master thesis examines the link between recent EU's crises and party-based Euroscepticism in Denmark. The case of Denmark is extraordinary because of its rich history in case of Euroscepticism. Denmark is well known for its numerous referendums on EU integration, an exclusive right to opt-outs within EU's policy and the rise of Eurosceptic parties, which currently have more than one third seats of the Danish Parliament. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the Danish parties' electoral and other documents and ascertain the alterations in parties' positions towards EU and their Euroscepticism during the EU's crises. The tasks of thesis are: 1) to overview the studies of Euroscepticism and its shifts during the crises as well as to define hard and soft Euroscpeticism; 2) to propose the research design which woulde proper to analyze development of stances on EU and Euroscepticism during the crises; 3) to identify political parties positions on EU and its changes during the years 2011-2019; 4) trace the link between the recent crises and the development of party-based Euroscepticism and its content. The analysis showed that Refugee's crisis and Brexit have an visble yet different impact on parties' stances and Euroscepticism. During the Refugee's crisis parties did not change their stances, however, their stances' argumentation changed with respect to the crisis's themes and its impact is still visible. Meanwhile, Brexit had a strong impact on parties' stances right after the referendum as Eurosceptic parties tightened their stances radically. However, Brexit became a prolonged process and its impact on Euroscepticism decreased noticeably. During the analysis it turned out that the Eurosceptic parties are the only parties which are prone to change their stances, because all pro- European parties kept their pro-European stances during both crises. This could be explained by party's strategical position, because opposition parties are prone to be more Eurosceptic unless they have coalition potential, which could result in becoming pro-European party.
The Party-based Euroscepticism: The Influence of the European Refugee Crisis and Brexit in Denmark SUMMARY Over the past ten years, the European Union (EU) has endured a series of crises with 2015 Europe's refugee crisis and ongoing Brexit being the most prominent ones. In addition to the EU's crises, the EU has faced the rise of Euroscepticism. Scientists overwhelmingly agree that Euroscepticism and EU's crises are related, however, the relation between them are analyzed rarely and insufficiently. Taking this into account, this master thesis examines the link between recent EU's crises and party-based Euroscepticism in Denmark. The case of Denmark is extraordinary because of its rich history in case of Euroscepticism. Denmark is well known for its numerous referendums on EU integration, an exclusive right to opt-outs within EU's policy and the rise of Eurosceptic parties, which currently have more than one third seats of the Danish Parliament. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the Danish parties' electoral and other documents and ascertain the alterations in parties' positions towards EU and their Euroscepticism during the EU's crises. The tasks of thesis are: 1) to overview the studies of Euroscepticism and its shifts during the crises as well as to define hard and soft Euroscpeticism; 2) to propose the research design which woulde proper to analyze development of stances on EU and Euroscepticism during the crises; 3) to identify political parties positions on EU and its changes during the years 2011-2019; 4) trace the link between the recent crises and the development of party-based Euroscepticism and its content. The analysis showed that Refugee's crisis and Brexit have an visble yet different impact on parties' stances and Euroscepticism. During the Refugee's crisis parties did not change their stances, however, their stances' argumentation changed with respect to the crisis's themes and its impact is still visible. Meanwhile, Brexit had a strong impact on parties' stances right after the referendum as Eurosceptic parties tightened their stances radically. However, Brexit became a prolonged process and its impact on Euroscepticism decreased noticeably. During the analysis it turned out that the Eurosceptic parties are the only parties which are prone to change their stances, because all pro- European parties kept their pro-European stances during both crises. This could be explained by party's strategical position, because opposition parties are prone to be more Eurosceptic unless they have coalition potential, which could result in becoming pro-European party.
The main purpose of the thesis is to analyse what kind of legal impact was done due to Brexit and how did it overall affect the European Union Private International Law. The Chapter one presents the exceptional civil judicial cooperation between the United Kingdom and the European Union pre-Brexit. The Chapter two analyses the Great Repeal Bill and to what extent is private international law considered during the withdrawal negation process. The Chapter three provides future possibilities for the United Kingdom to maintain civil judicial cooperation with the European Union and discusses the conceivable outcome in case the United Kingdom will consider adapting other international legal documents when the European Union legislative system cease to apply.
The main purpose of the thesis is to analyse what kind of legal impact was done due to Brexit and how did it overall affect the European Union Private International Law. The Chapter one presents the exceptional civil judicial cooperation between the United Kingdom and the European Union pre-Brexit. The Chapter two analyses the Great Repeal Bill and to what extent is private international law considered during the withdrawal negation process. The Chapter three provides future possibilities for the United Kingdom to maintain civil judicial cooperation with the European Union and discusses the conceivable outcome in case the United Kingdom will consider adapting other international legal documents when the European Union legislative system cease to apply.
