The three-year war seriously undermined religious solidarity on which Vatican's political influence in the world was based. That is why Pope Benedict XV opted for a peace initiative hoping to find the base for a lasting peace. His sympathies lied with the Central Powers, so the Vatican's peace note was composed in that vein. The note was supposed to be passed on by GB to its allies. During these British-Vatican contacts, one had an impression that GB was particularly interested in Belgian independence. The Vatican diplomacy strongly pressured Berlin to renounce Belgium as a stepping stone to peace. The German military leadership was not in the mood for compromises regarding this, but on the basis of the Vatican's counsel, the new German foreign minister Kuhlmann tried to get into contact with GB as the first step to universal peace talks. However, this attempt also led to an impasse because of the unreadiness of both warring parties to forego their war goals in favor of a compromising peace. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.
Inspirirana paušalnim osvrtom Ive Vidana na Byronovu ulogu i bajronični intertekst u Krležinu opusu, ova studija nudi nov pristup Krležinim ranim djelima, koja možemo smatrati nekom vrstom dijaloga s eminentnim britanskim romantičarem. S vrijednim izuzetkom Prof. Vidana, književno-znanstveni radovi posvećeni Krležinoj intelektualnoj formaciji kao i radovima iz njegove rane faze tipično previđaju Krležine brojne opaske i reference na račun Byrona. Isto je tako i s brojnim studijama posvećenim utjecaju Nietszchea i mađarskih pjesnika na mladog Krležu, i to usprkos činjenici da je Byron bio ključnim formativnim utjecajem na njemačkog filozofa kao i na književno-politički diskurz Mađarske tijekom čitavog devetnaestog no i početkom dvadesetog stoljeća. A da ne govorimo o ulozi Byronova Caina u sklopu ideologema Oktobarske Revolucije i lenjinizma, kojima se zanosio naš mladi pjesnik. Polazeći od činjenice da je Krleža bio dobro upoznat ne samo s Byronovim djelima, već i da je bio pristaša Englezove inačice estetike − razvidne iz njegovih proznih prologa i komentara priloženih njegovim lirskim dramama i epskim poemama, te potkrijepljene stavovima razloženima u njegovoj korespondenciji − ovakovo čitanje otvara nove teme u okvirima suvremene krležologije, no i unutar diskurza studija posvećenih komparativnoj književnosti, u sklopu kojeg se nada doprinijeti uvidima i perspektivama u svezi s recepcijom Byrona u Jugoistočnoj Europi, odnosno na jugozapadnom dijelu Balkana. ; Inspired by Ivo Vidan's brief note on the connexion between Byron and Krleža, this study offers an innovative reading of Krleža's early work, seeing it as a dialogue with the British Romantic poet. With the exception of Professor Vidan, the bulk of criticism dedicated to Krleža's intellectual formation tends to overlook the significance of Krleža's numerous references to Byron, starting with his early diaristic prose and continuing throughout his prolific literary and dramatic career. Most studies dedicated to the influences of Nietzsche and the nineteenth-century Hungarian poets on young Krleža shy away from mentioning the Byronic intertext as a sine qua non for both the German philosopher and the literary and political discourse of Hungary in the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. Not to mention the role of Byron's poetry in Lenin's Russia, ardently supported by Krleža. Apart from contributing to the contemporary Krleža studies by expounding on Krleža's familiarity with Byron's works and his fluency in the Byronic thought, this essay adds to the knowledge of Byron's reception in Central Eastern Europe, especially in Croatia, still an uncharted land in terms of Byron studies.
