Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- NON-FINANCIAL CORPORATE DEBT OVERHANG AND INVESTMENT IN BULGARIA -- A. Introduction -- B. Stylized Facts Using Aggregate Data -- C. The Analytical Framework and Basic Statistics -- D. Empirical Results -- E. Concluding Remarks -- TABLES -- 1. Summary Statistics (2003-16) -- 2. Corporate Debt Overhang and Investment (baseline) -- 3. Corporate Debt Overhang and Investment (by sectors using ICR) -- 4. Corporate Debt Overhang and Investment (by sectors using deb-to-asset ratio) -- 5. Corporate Debt Overhang and Investment (by firm size) -- 6. Robustness Tests (alternative measures of investment) -- 7. Robustness Tests (alternative measure of leverage) -- 8. Robustness Tests (keeping firms with zero debt) -- References -- EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS FOR EXPENDITURES IN PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND EDUCATION -- A. Introduction -- B. Public Investment -- C. Education -- D. Conclusion -- BOX -- 1. EU Funds -- FIGURES -- 1. Public Investment, Public Capital Stock, and Infrastructure Quality -- 2. Public Investment Efficiency -- 3. Education Inputs and Outcomes -- 4. Education Spending Efficiency -- ANNEX -- I. Data Envelopment Analysis -- References.

KEY ISSUESContext. Macroeconomic and financial stability has been maintained despite the difficultenvironment globally?especially in neighboring Greece?and recent domestic discord,but growth remains tepid and unemployment high. Ambitious (and politicallychallenging) reforms are needed to achieve Bulgaria's objective of more rapid incomeconvergence with Europe.Outlook and risks. Domestic demand is projected to recover gradually while exportsand foreign direct investment are expected to benefit from recovery in Europe. Thedomestic social and political situation and continued uncertainty about th

Cover -- Contents -- Glossary -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction, Scope, and Summary of Work Done -- A. Introduction -- B. Scope -- C. Summary of Work Done -- II. The Srep Process and Manual -- A. Principles -- B. Process and Proportionality -- C. Business Model Analysis -- D. Governance -- E. Risk to Capital -- F. Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process and Internal Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process and Interaction with SREP -- G. Stress Testing -- III. Efficient and Proportionate Decision Process -- A. Intervention of the Governing Council in the SREP Decision -- B. Proportionate Decision Taking and Focused Planning -- IV. Communication to Banks -- A. Individual Decisions -- B. Global Communication on Process, Outcome, and Methodology -- Table -- 1. Key Recommendations.

Prologue -- Origins -- The Bulgarian national resistance, I: Introduction -- The Bulgarian national resistance, II: The cultural revival and the creation of the modern Bulgarian state -- The Turnovo Constitution and the reign of Prince Alexander, 1878-1886 -- Stefan Stambolov, Prince Ferdinand, and the quest for recognition, 1887-1896 -- Prince Ferdinand's personal rule, 1896-1912 -- Bulgaria at war, 1912-1918 -- Between two wars, 1919-1941 -- Bulgaria and the Second World War, 1941-1944 -- Social and economic factors, 1878-1944 -- The Communist acquisition of power, 1944-1948 -- The Communists in power, I: The rule of terror, the reign of Vulko Chervenkov, and the rise of Todor Zhivkov, 1948-1965 -- The Communists in power, II: The rule of Todor Zhivkov, 1965-1989 -- Post-Communist Bulgaria, 1989-2005 --The minority and demographic questions -- Epilogue: Bulgaria between East and West -- Appendix: Bulgarian political parties, 1878-1934 -- Bibliographical notes

This study of the education system of Bulgaria is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The study begins with the historical and socio-cultural background of the Bulgarian educational system which is followed by the description of the organizational and administrative context of the current education system. The next step is the functioning of the current education system, beginning with a structural overview and followed by an analysis of the different levels of the education system, including, as a separate chapter, post-secondary and tertiary education. The country study ends with an analysis of current problems and discussions, and opens perspectives for further development. A diagram illustrating the structural scheme of the Bulgarian educational system is part of this article. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

Cover -- CONTENTS -- Glossary -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS -- A. Background -- THE PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT FOR THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL BANK -- A. Governance of Banking Supervision -- B. Internal Organization of the Banking Supervision -- C. Institutional Framework for Crisis Management -- OTHER CORE PRINCIPLES REQUIRING FURTHER ACTION -- A. Banking Risks -- B. Bank Governance and Risk Management -- C. Supervisory Activities -- D. Asset Classification and Provisioning -- E. Other Relevant Core Principles -- BOX -- 1. Asset Quality Review -- FIGURES -- 1. Banking Supervision Department of Bulgarian National Bank -- 2. Establishment of Separate Directorates for Onsite and Offsite Supervision -- TABLES -- 1. Main Recommendations -- 2. Status of Recommendations - Supervisory Approach, Techniques and Tools (CPs 8 and 9) -- APPENDICES -- I . BNB Supervisory Development Plan -- II. Progress in Implementing Key Recommendations of the March 2015 Assessment of BCP Assessment -- III. Proposed Official Presumption Criteria.

Following the visit of an ICRC delegation in November, the ICRC launched a programme contributing to the development of the operational capacity of the Bulgarian Red Cross and set up several projects to promote international humanitarian law.