Suchergebnisse

Najvažniji izvor zapošljavanja su mala i srednja poduzeća, kojih nažalost više propadne nego uspije, što uzrokuje strah od poduzetništva. Cilj istraživanja bio je ustanoviti stope preživljavanja poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj i Europskoj uniji (EU), kako poduzetnici proživljavaju poslovni neuspjeh te kakva bi im stručna pomoć trebala da se što prije oporave i motiviraju za drugu poduzetničku šansu. Provedeno je istraživanje literature i sekundarnih izvora o demografiji poduzeća u EU i Republici Hrvatskoj te mjerama pomoći koje predlaže Europska komisija. Stopa preživljavanja poduzeća pet godina nakon osnivanja u EU je prosječno oko 20%, a u Hrvatskoj oko 18 %. Intervjuirano je šest hrvatskih poduzetnika koji su bar jednom preživjeli poslovni neuspjeh i odlučili pokušati ponovo. Uz nedovoljnu pripremljenost pothvata, neiskustvo i nedovoljna menadžerska znanja, kao uzrok propasti svojih poduzeća naveli su tešku ekonomsku situaciju i odlazak partnera. Preživjeli su koristeći podršku obitelji i dvojni proces žalosti što im je pomoglo umanjiti sekundarne izvore stresa. Kao pouku iz doživljenog neuspjeha navode strpljivost, upornost, ne odustajanje od svojih ciljeva, pronalaženje efikasnih rješenja, pozitivniji način razmišljanja, duhovni rast i novi sustav vrijednosti, što im je davalo motivaciju za drugu poduzetničku šansu. Učinkovita stručna pomoć morala bi se nastavljati na preventivne programe ranog upozorenja i zakonodavstvo koje bi poštenim poduzetnicima omogućilo što brži i bezbolniji stečaj. Stručna pomoć za vrijeme i nakon stečaja trebala bi biti poslovna, pravna i psihološko-duhovna, kao kombinacija informiranja, obrazovanja i osobnog savjetovanja. Morala bi se nadopunjavati podrškom obitelji i kolega poduzetnika koji su već prošli sličnu situaciju. ; The most important sources of employment are small and medium-sized businesses, which, unfortunately, tend to fail, causing fear of entrepreneurship. The aim of the research was to establish the survival rate of companies in Croatia and the EU, as entrepreneurs experience business failure, and to determine the professional assistance that would be required to recover and motivate them for a second entrepreneurial chance. A survey of the literature and secondary sources on enterprises demography in the EU and the Republic of Croatia was carried out, as well as the aid measures proposed by the European Commission. The survival rate of a company five years after its establishment in the EU is, on average, about 20%, and around 18% in Croatia. The six Croatian entrepreneurs that had been interviewed survived business failure at least once and decided to try again. Along with insufficiently prepared research, inexperience and insufficient managerial knowledge, they indicated difficult economic situation and departure of partners as reasons their companies collapsed. They survived with family support and by using the Dual Process Model of Grief, which helped them reduce secondary sources of stress. As the lessons learned from the experience of failure, they mention patience, persistence, not abandoning their goals, finding effective solutions, a more positive way of thinking, spiritual growth, and a new value system, providing them with motivation for a second chance. Effective expert assistance should continue through precautionary early warning programs and legislation, which would allow the bankruptcy to be as quick and as painless as possible for honest entrepreneurs. Expert assistance should be available during and after the bankruptcy. Specifically, business-related, legal, as well as psychological and spiritual assistance, as a combination of information, education and personal counseling. It should complement the support of their families and fellow entrepreneurs who have already been in a similar situation.

Investicijska politika i ulaganje predstavljaju bitne zadatke, ali istovremeno i probleme gotovo svih društveno – ekonomskih sustava. Ulaganje predstavlja platformu razvoja i nužnost opstanka tržišno – ekonomskih sustava, a podrazumijeva poduzimanje odgovarajućih mjera i aktivnosti kako bi se uloženi kapital, putem odabrane djelatnosti, trajno uvećavao. Ekonomski pokazatelji, posebno u razdoblju ekonomske krize, oslikavaju nepovoljne i općeprisutne tendencije neželjenog poslovnog rezultata, proizlaze iz neodgovarajuće politike poslovanja, pri čemu investiranje i investicijsku politiku možemo označiti liderima u području poslovnih neuspjeha. Nemogućnost preciznog predviđanja poslovnih ishoda vezanih za investicijska ulaganja, vremenska disproporcija između ulaganja i njihovih početnih, a posebno optimalnih posljedica, kao i ireverzibilnost uloženih sredstava, dodatno otežavaju formulaciju odgovarajuće strategijske platforme investicijske politike. Modeliranje poslovnih strategija u uvjetima turbulentnih društveno – ekonomskih, tehnoloških, kao i tržišnih čimbenika predstavlja inspiraciju i izazov istraživaču da izborom odgovarajućeg teorijskog modela reprezentativno približi realnost. Vjerno preslikavanje realnosti podrazumijeva suptilan pristup klasifikaciji navedenih čimbenika prema važnosti, razini utjecaja, kao i odgovarajuću kvantifikaciju, prepoznavanje i uobličavanje oblika i mjere njihove međuzavisnosti. Model matematičke simulacije predstavlja teorijski model koji omogućava predviđanje poslovnih ishoda u uvjetima rizika uz njihovo iskazivanje korespondentno sa slučajnom komponentom koja na njih utječe. Ključno pitanje navedenog pristupa odnosi se na odgovarajući izbor distribucije vjerojatnosti slučajne varijable, prilagođene uvjetima ulaganja, pri čemu je potrebno uvažiti i empirijsku komponentu teritorijalno – zemljopisnog prostora na kojem se investicija realizira, a pri tome imati uvid i u druge aspekte izbora distribucije, kao što su iskustva u području odabranog područja ulaganja (granske specifičnosti) i prilagođenost određenom teorijskom modelu. Simuliranje efekata investicijskih ulaganja osigurava objektivan pristup strategijskom izboru i prikladan proračun monetarnih posljedica prije operacionalizacije projekta. ; Investment policy and investing represent essential tasks, and also major issues of almost all socio-economic systems. Investment represents a development platform and is necessary for survival of market and economic systems; it comprises undertaking appropriate measures and activities to have the invested capital continuously increasing through exercising selected operations. Economic indicators, especially in the period of economic crisis, reflect unfavourable and widespread tendencies of unwanted business result that arise from inadequate business policy, where investing and investment policy may be marked as leaders in the area of business failure. Impossibility to accurately assume business results related to the investment, time disproportion between the investment and its initial, and particularly, optimal effects, and also irreversibility of the investment, further complicate the formulation of adequate investment policy strategy platform. Modelling of business strategies in the exposure to turbulent socio-economic, technological and market factors is an inspiration and a challenge to the researcher to representatively mirror the reality by selecting an adequate theoretical model. Faithful mirroring of the reality involves a subtle approach to classification of these factors by importance, level of influence, and also adequate quantifying, identifying and shaping the form, as well as the extent of their interdependence. Mathematical simulation model is a theoretical model that allows prediction of business results in the risk exposure expressed correspondently with the random component that is influencing it. The major concern of the mentioned approach is an adequate selection of the probability distribution of a random variable, customized to the investment conditions. It is necessary here to take into account empiric component of a territorial-geographic area of the investment implementation, whereby it is necessary to have insight into other aspects of distribution selection, such as experiences in the selected investment area (sectoral specificity) and adjustment to particular theoretical model. Simulation of investment effects provides an objective approach to strategic choice and adequate calculation of monetary results before operationalization of the project.

Problem je ovoga istraživanja nedovoljno učinkovit način obrazovanja vođa u poslovnim školama. Iako je potreba za vođama u svijetu sve veća, vjeruje se da je neadekvatno obrazovanje u poslovnim školama doprinijelo sustavnom nedostatku vodstva, što je dovelo do financijske i moralne globalne krize. Smatra se da poslovne škole u svojim obrazovnim programima premalo pažnje posvećuju etici i sustavu vrijednosti. Međutim, uz univerzalne principe vodstva, svako društvo i kultura moraju definirati svoje potrebe vodstva i "otkriti" svrhu, način djelovanja i upotrebu moći. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja izraditi prijedlog učinkovitog kurikuluma za obrazovanje vođa u hrvatskim poslovnim školama. Šira je društvena svrha aktualizacija teme vodstva i obrazovanja za vodstvo kao nasušne potrebe hrvatskog društva na svim razinama. Za potrebe teorijskog dijela rada provedeno je sekundarno istraživanje znanstvene i stručne literature, stranih i domaćih autora. Objašnjeni su pojam, definicije i karakteristike vodstva te iznesen povijesni pregled raznih teorija i pristupa vodstvu. Naveden je kratki pregled istraživanja o učinku kulture i njezinom utjecaju na obrazovanje za vodstvo. Opisan je primjer dobre prakse u kreiranju i praćenju uspješnosti obrazovnih politika i strategija te neki obrazovni programi vodstva i njihov utjecaj na razvoj vođa. Na temelju spoznaja dobivenih iz provedenog sekundarnog istraživanja, kreiran je prijedlog kurikuluma za obrazovanje vođa koji nedostaje u Hrvatskoj. Predloženi višeslojni model temelji se na multidisciplinarnom znanju utemeljenom u tradiciji poslovnih škola i humanističkih znanosti, tako da potiče razvoj analitičkih, konceptualnih, međuljudskih i praktičnih vještina. Posebna je važnost dana praksi, coachingu i mentorskom pristupu kao alatima pomoću kojih se studentima omogućava iskustveno učenje. Inovativnim vježbama i praksom studente se priprema da budu transformacijski vođe koji će znati učinkovito komunicirati viziju i misiju svojim suradnicima i sljedbenicima. Posebno je naglašena globalna perspektiva i potreba za integracijom etike i sustava vrijednosti u svaki dio obrazovnog procesa. ; The focus of this study is on leadership education in business schools which is not effective enough. Although the global demand for leaders is growing, it is believed that the inadequate education in business schools contributed to the systemic failure in leadership that led to the current global financial and moral crisis. It is thought that business schools do not pay enough attention to ethics and the system of values. However, in addition to the universal principles of leadership every society and culture has to define their own leadership needs in order to 'discover' the purpose, mode of operation and use of power. Therefore, the aim of this research is to propose an effective curriculum for leadership education in Croatian business schools. A broader social objective is to promote the topic of leadership and education for leadership as the fundamental need of the Croatian society at all its levels. Secondary research of scientific and professional literature by Croatian and other authors was conducted for the theoretical part of the paper. The concept, definitions and characteristics of leadership are explained and a historical overview of various leadership theories and approaches is given. The paper gives a short overview of the research on culture and its impact on leadership education. An account of good practice is given concerning the establishment and monitoring of educational policies and strategies and some educational programmes for leadership and their influence on the development of leaders. A curriculum proposal is formulated for the education of Croatian leaders on the basis of insight gained from the secondary research. The proposed multilevel model is based on the multidisciplinary knowledge founded in the tradition of business schools and humanistic sciences so that it stimulates the development of analytical, conceptual, interpersonal and practical skills. Special importance is placed on practice, coaching and mentoring as the tools for students to learn from experience. By means of innovative assignments and practice students are prepared to become transformational leaders who will be able to effectively communicate the vision and mission to their co-workers and followers. Global perspective is emphasised as well as the need to integrate ethics and the system of values in every aspect of the educational process.