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Definitions of cultural competence often refer to the need to be aware and attentive to the religious and spiritual needs and orientations of patients. However, the institution of psychiatry maintains an ambivalent attitude to the incorporation of religion and spirituality into psychiatric practice. This is despite the fact that many patients, especially those from underserved and underprivileged minority backgrounds, are devotedly religious and find much solace and support in their religiosity. I use the case of mental health of African Americans as an extended example to support the argument that psychiatric services must become more closely attuned to religious matters. I suggest ways in which this can be achieved. Attention to religion can aid in the development of culturally competent and accessible services, which in turn, may increase engagement and service satisfaction among religious populations.

Competence in communicating is vital to health, relationships, and all collective human endeavors. This volume brings together international scholars to examine the various facets of communication competence, including its history as an organizing concept, its essential components, and its application in interpersonal, group, institutional, and societal contexts. Annegret F. Hannawa,University of Lugano, Switzerland; Brian H. Spitzberg, San Diego State University, USA.

Part 1: What is culture? 1. Dynamic definition of culture 2. Where does culture come from? 3. Cultural identity Part 2: Acquiring knowledge: the science behind culture 4. Measuring cultural differences 5. Working with the Model of Geert Hofstede 6. Working with the model of Richard Lewis Part 3: Learning competences: intercultural communication 7. Cultural aspects of communication 8. Effective communication with other cultures 9. Recognizing hidden cultural communication 10. Dealing with cultural conflicts

In a multicultural environment, having intercultural competences is the most important determining factor between success and failure. This concise book introduces the topic for students and scholars. Building upon an accessible understanding of cultural differences, the author provides various models for understanding and framing culture. Theory is linked to practice by examining how to deal with intercultural conflicts via practical examples and advice. Students striving to perform well in intercultural environments, will benefit from reading this book which helps them convert models and cultural knowledge into practical skills.

The concepts of separability and competence-competence, which promote arbitral autonomy, exist in many jurisdictions. This article surveys the extent of their acceptance in Singapore's domestic and international arbitration law, and suggests that legislative refinements are necessary to remove doubts and resolve conflicts between the law and the SIAC [Singapore International Arbitration Centre] Rules.

Introduction: The ever-progressing transformation of the media as a result of digitization trends, the new characteristics of the communication environment and the associated communication practices and forms of user behaviour result in new educational needs and demands. Their reassessment in the context of current scientific discourses takes the form of revision and redefinition of the concept of media competence. Methodology: through a reflexive analysis of the concepts and models, we present the conceptualization of media competence as an extended competence to the area of personal, social, cultural and civic competencies. Results: The result of the work is a reassessment of conceptual positions in the projection of features of media competence in the context of the significant phenomena of the converged digital environment: participatory paradigm, hyperconnectivity, proliferation of disinformation. This approach requires the extension of skills and abilities in accessing, evaluating, analyzing, creating and communicating news and media; skills combining the previous forms of literacy and skills of digital environment (Livingstone, 2004; Pérez Tornero, Celot, Varis, 2007; Hobbs, 2008). Discussion: Our approach is associated with broader educational demands and needs aimed at the development of the individual´s personality in a more holistic way, connected with the more complex needs of a society where media presence is higher. Conclusions: The changes in the subject of ´Learning about the media´ are resassed at the end of the paper.

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is two - fold: first, to analyse the application of the c ompetence - competence principle in three jurisdictions (France, Sweden and England) and, second, to evaluate the application of the competence - competence principle in these jurisdictions vis - à - vis the aim to balance the need to give effect to arbitration ag reement and legitimacy of arbitration proceedings. Design/methodology/approach – comparative and systematic analysis as well as linguistic and teleological methods were used in this research. Finding – the principle of competence - competence is defined a s the cornerstone of commercial arbitration, however, its application varies substantially depending on the jurisdiction. Comparative analysis shows that the extreme applications of a negative effect of the competence - competence principle do not balance, b ut rather favour either giving an effect to an arbitration agreement or to the legitimacy of arbitral proceedings, and these approaches have considerable downsides. The intermediate approach, which attempts to balance these two objectives depending on a nu mber of particular circumstances, appears to be the most preferred one. For that purpose, legislators, while balancing the effect of the negative competence - competence effect, use a number of useful tools, such as: (i) court's prima facie review of arbitra l jurisdiction (ii) different standards of review depending on the nature of challenge (e.g. whether the existence or only the scope of the arbitration agreement is challenged); (iii) different standard of review depending on whether arbitral proceedings h ave been commenced or not.

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is two - fold: first, to analyse the application of the c ompetence - competence principle in three jurisdictions (France, Sweden and England) and, second, to evaluate the application of the competence - competence principle in these jurisdictions vis - à - vis the aim to balance the need to give effect to arbitration ag reement and legitimacy of arbitration proceedings. Design/methodology/approach – comparative and systematic analysis as well as linguistic and teleological methods were used in this research. Finding – the principle of competence - competence is defined a s the cornerstone of commercial arbitration, however, its application varies substantially depending on the jurisdiction. Comparative analysis shows that the extreme applications of a negative effect of the competence - competence principle do not balance, b ut rather favour either giving an effect to an arbitration agreement or to the legitimacy of arbitral proceedings, and these approaches have considerable downsides. The intermediate approach, which attempts to balance these two objectives depending on a nu mber of particular circumstances, appears to be the most preferred one. For that purpose, legislators, while balancing the effect of the negative competence - competence effect, use a number of useful tools, such as: (i) court's prima facie review of arbitra l jurisdiction (ii) different standards of review depending on the nature of challenge (e.g. whether the existence or only the scope of the arbitration agreement is challenged); (iii) different standard of review depending on whether arbitral proceedings h ave been commenced or not.

Abstract
Intercultural competence is an increasingly debated subject, at least in foreign specialized literature, not in the national one, especially in the context of university education where most exchanges of experience take place between universities from various European countries and not only. The purpose of this article is to identify and clarify from a theoretical point of view the concept of intercultural competence and the importance of its formation at the level of university education. The article analyzes aspects and opinions regarding the term intercultural competence and the components that make up this competence. It also presents some of the development models of competence, which have the role of strengthening the characteristics of intercultural competence. The theoretical aspects analyzed regarding intercultural competence demonstrate the importance of this competence and the necessity of its training at the university level, which should arouse the interest of actors in the university system towards a thorough training of intercultural competence for their students and giving it special importance.