Suchergebnisse

Using social media and other Internet-based communication platforms, groups such as ISIS have become effective at influencing vulnerable, disaffected young people who are in search of some sense of social connection and greater life purpose and encouraging them to commit acts of violence on behalf of their extremist cause. Traditional counterterrorism-related investigative strategies are insufficient to prevent these acts of targeted violence by lone offenders. Accordingly, we must expand the use of behavioral risk assessment methodologies as part of investigative protocols. We must empower local partnerships among law enforcement; the communities they serve; and others such as mental health professionals, educators, and faith leaders. Countering the terrorist narrative is not enough; we must adapt our efforts and prioritize holistic and collaborative ways to detect, assess, and intervene in situations where individuals may exhibit the behaviors and indicators of violent extremism in order to prevent a violent attack.

Im ersten Teil der von einem Wissenschaftlerteam des IMEPI erstellten Studie werden die Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Analyse der sozialökonomischen Entwicklung in den ostmitteleuropäischen Reformstaaten und Rußlands dagestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wird ein Vergleich des bisherigen Verlaufs des Demokratisierungsprozesses in diesen Staaten vorgenommen. Dabei werden jeweils im einzelnen die Gründe genannt, die nach Ansicht der Autoren zu einem Rückstand Rußlands gegenüber den anderen Ländern geführt haben. Die sozialökonomische Entwicklung wird auch in zahlreichen Tabellen dokumentiert. (BIOst-Mrk)

A counter-terrorism preventative strategy is a must in any nation and such strategies became of even greater importance with the events of 9/11. A properly defined strategy allows not only for a nation to defend itself but to prevent the grounds that may lead to the radicalization of citizens towards violent extremist ideals. Many academics look at these preventative frameworks from a critical perspective and it is the opinion of many that, as it stands, counter-terrorism prevention strategies are not effective, and may actually be at the origin of discriminatory practices. The purpose of this research is not only to understand how a prevention framework is developed but its own effectiveness. This will be ascertained by using the Portuguese case as an example of a nation that has been mostly unaffected by this phenomenon since 9/11 but has nonetheless to deliver its own counter-terrorism strategy due to its placement within the European Union. Portugal was chosen due to the gap of literature on the Portuguese example and the overall lack of knowledge of how counter-terrorism works within the nation. This goal is achieved by conducting interviews with experts on this field and analyzing these results through the Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) whose framework will allow to determine how the Portuguese preventative strategy compares against the strategies presented by other nations in their preventative activities. Determining what is this preventative framework, how it is aligned with European standards and if it works in successfully preventing the Islamic extremism which was observed in the past years and more recently the rise in far-right extremism observed throughout Europe will be key goals throughout this research. ; Uma estratégia preventiva no campo do contra-terrorismo é uma necessidade para qualquer nação e estas estratégias tornaram-se cada vez mais importantes com os eventos do 9/11. Uma estratégia corretamente definida permite não só que uma nação se defenda, mas previne as circunstâncias que possam levam à radicalização de indivíduos para ideais extremistas. Muitos académicos vêm estes planeamentos preventivos de uma perspetiva critica e é da opinião de vários que, como se encontram, as estratégias preventivas de contra-terrorismo não são eficientes e podem até estar na origem de práticas discriminatórias. O propósito desta investigação é não apenas de entender como um planeamento preventivo é desenvolvido, mas compreender a sua eficácia. Isto será estudado utilizando o caso português como o exemplo de uma nação que permaneceu maioritariamente não afetada por este fenómeno desde o 9/11, mas independentemente precisa de apresentar uma estratégia contra-terrorista devido ao seu envolvimento na União Europeia. Portugal foi escolhido devido à lacuna literária existente para o caso português e um desconhecimento em geral de como contra-terrorismo funciona dentro da nação. Este objetivo será atingido através de entrevistas com peritos no campo e ao analisar estes resultados através do modelo Estudos Críticos ao Terrorismo (CTS) cuja base critica permitirá determinar como a estratégia preventiva Portuguesa compara contra as estratégias apresentadas por outras nações. Determinar qual é esta estratégia preventiva, como está alinhada com os requerimentos europeus e se a mesma é eficaz em prevenir o extremismo Islâmico que veio a ser observado em anos anteriores e mais recentemente o extremismo de direita que tem sido observado pela Europa são objetivos chave para esta investigação.

Abstract
This paper explores the implementation of the 'Prevent Duty' in Scotland. Using archival research into Parliamentary debates, as well as research interviews with Scottish government representatives and healthcare professionals, the paper sheds light on the constitutional politics surrounding the Counterterrorism and Security Act 2015 which resulted in the markedly different applications of Prevent between England and Scotland. The divergence of the policy between the nations, and the constitutional anomalies which facilitated a specifically Scottish Prevent program, have remained unaddressed in the academic literature—partly because of a mistaken assumption by researchers that the Prevent Strategy equally applies to all nations (given that Westminster legislates for the UK on matters of defence and security). To fill this gap in knowledge, this paper explores how the Scottish government was able to leverage the devolution settlement and associated constitutional conventions to implement a modest P/CVE program—dropping some components of the English and Welsh Prevent programs entirely. The paper contributes to studies on British constitutional conventions and the nature of inter-governmental politics in the UK by highlighting the surprising freedom to manoeuvre Scotland can enjoy, with regards to reserved policy areas.