Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the current health care reform issues in Canada. The provincial health insurance plans of the 1960s and 1970s had the untoward effects of limiting the federal government's clout for cost control and of promoting a system centered on inpatient and medical care. Recently, several provincial commissions reported that the current governance structures and management processes are outmoded in light of new knowledge, new fiscal realities and the evolution of power among stake-holders. They recommend decentralized governance and restructuring for better management and more citizen participation. Although Canada's health care system remains committed to safeguarding its guiding principles, the balance of power may be shifting from providers to citizens and "technocrats". Also, all provinces are likely to increase their pressure on physicians by means of salary caps, by exploring payment methods such as capitation, limiting access to costly technology, and by demanding practice changes based on evidence of cost-effectiveness. ; Este artículo examina los temas más recientes en las reformas del sistema de atención a la salud en Canadá. Los planes de seguridad en el sector salud durante los años sesenta y setenta tuvieron efectos inapropiados en cuanto a que limitaron el poder del gobierno federal para controlar costos y promover un sistema centrado en la atención médico-hospitalaria. Recientemente, varias comisiones provinciales reportaron que las actuales estructuras de gobierno y gestión de los procesos no están actualizadas en términos del nuevo conocimiento, las nuevas realidades fiscales y la evolución en las formas de poder entre los grupos de interés. Sus recomendaciones incluyen formas descentralizadas de gobierno y mayor participación ciudadana. A pesar de que el sistema de atención a la salud en Canadá permanece comprometido a garantizar sus principios centrales, el balance de poder estaría cambiando de los proveedores a los ciudadanos y "tecnócratas". Al mismo tiempo, es probable que todas ...

The authors examine Canadian foreign policy & its relation with the inter-American system during the 20th century. In 1990, Canadian policy toward America changed when this country became a member of the OAS. Since the 1990s, Canada has become a leader in the promotion of democracy (at the OAS forum) & free trade (at the FTAA discussions). The Canadian activism has contributed to the renovation of the inter-American dynamic by promoting democracy & transparency in the OAS & its members. Adapted from the source document.

This article studies aspects of government & business relations between Mexico & Canada during the past 10 years, particularly during the Zedillo administration. In general terms, these relations were conditioned by the requirements of each country -- by definition different -- & by objectives that did not always coincide. Foremost among these requirements were Mexico's interest in seeking out new markets for export products & services, & in increasing Canadian investment opportunities, as well as Ottawa's concern regarding human rights & democracy in Mexico. Both sought to include new themes in the bilateral agenda. Further, relations between Mexico & Canada have been increasingly closer as a result of the political initiatives that have accompanied NAFTA's development; ie, the most difficult task -- the rapprochement -- has been successfully completed, surpassing all expectations. Regarding perceptions, attitudes, & distrust that stemmed from the scant knowledge each country had of the other, progress was definitely made. An extensive project for exchanges in all areas, which underlines the number of common interests between these two countries, is happily under way, & we can expect it to become even stronger, in spite of the still decisive weight of the US in the regional order. Adapted from the source document.

En Canadá, la manera en que se dividen las competencias entre los gobiernos provinciales y federal es estructuralmente conflictiva. Las instituciones de ese país favorecen dicho conflicto, y alimentan las tendencias centrífugas del poder. Por ello, Canadá se ha convertido en el sistema federal en el que las unidades subnacionales tienen más poder que en ningún otro Estado del mundo. Aun así, las provincias no cesan de reclamar más facultades y beneficios del gobierno federal. La actual conformación del Parlamento federal y la elección de un partido con un claro programa independentista al gobierno de Quebec son desafíos de talla que la federación canadiense deberá enfrentar a corto plazo.

RESUMEN. Con el objeto de analizar la incidencia que tendrían en el sistema español las experiencias más significativas de federalismo fiscal, en este trabajo se exponen los principales fundamentos de la teoría del federalismo fiscal. Así, se aplica parcialmente el sistema canadiense al caso español a partir de la consideración de sus propios rasgos institucionales y de organización política en términos de asignación de competencias de gasto e ingresos, comparando así los resultados tanto desde una perspectiva estática como de sus condicionantes en términos dinámicos. ; ABSTRACT. In order to analyze the incidence that would have another fiscal federalism models in the Spanish system, the main theoretical foundations of Fiscal Federalism Theory are exposed in this paper. Thus, it is applied the Canadian system to the Spanish case taking into account their own institutional features and political organization in terms of expenditures and revenues assignment, comparing these results from a static perspective and also a dynamic one. Keywords: Fiscal federalism / Compared experience / Fiscal accountability.