Suchergebnisse

This study assessed if human capital is more related to women's advancement to low levels (i. e., supervisory and junior management) and if social capital is more related to their advancement to high levels (i. e., middle and senior management) in Australian banks. The results do not support differential prediction hypotheses. Overall, human capital explained most of women's advancement at all levels in Australian banks. The contribution of social capital to that explanation was, generally, negligible. The study also included qualitative data. The qualitative results appeared to support the view that social capital is more important to women's advancement to high managerial levels than to low managerial levels. Of particular concern is that the women reported gender discrimination as the most frequent barrier to their advancement at all managerial levels. Implications for banks and for women's career management are discussed.

Following the 1918 annexation of Bessarabia to Romania, the Gagauz minority remained disconnected from centers of knowledge because of linguistic and institutional barriers. In this context, Mihail Çakir, an Orthodox priest of Gagauz origin, manifested a rare capacity of introducing the Gagauz people to Romanian- and Gagauz-speaking audiences through his multilingual work on the history and the culture of the Gagauz. This article embarks from Anthony Smith's work on ethnicity and nation-building and Benedict Anderson's work on imagined communities to explore Çakir's two main works and their contribution to the crystallization of Gagauz ethnic identity and its eventual transformation to a national one.

This paper has two objectives. The first objective is to estimate the extent of financial gains or losses of Active Component (AC) and Reserve Component (RC) soldiers who volunteered for the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) peacekeeping mission in the Sinai. The second objective is to estimate the effect of this gain/loss on the soldiers' intention to remain in their respective component until retirement. Data for a population of approximately 500 volunteers were collected during their predeployment training and Sinai deployment phases. Results of these data revealed that, overall, soldiers experienced financial gains during the deployment phase. The average financial gain exceeded the average loss. Financial gains were especially high for the RC. Regression results for the deployment phase data revealed that the volunteers were more likely to say that they intend to stay in their respective component until retirement if they made financial gains during deployment and if they were satisfied with Army life. Results of the Chow Test for equality of regression parameters showed that the coefficients in separate equations for the AC and RC were not significantly different during the more critical deployment phase. Implications of these results are discussed.

In this article the institution of diplomacy is examined in terms of its main functions: negotiation, representation and as a channel of information. Some theses about how diplomacy changes with growing internationalization, about changes in diplomatic style from elite-oriented via treaty-oriented to structure-oriented diplomacy, about the various effects the extraordinarily high rank of the diplomat has, about the types of contact diplomats usually have in the host-society and about the loyalty problems of diplomats, are advanced, illustrated with examples and discussed. In the second part of the article the changes over time in one particular foreign service, that of Norway, are analyzed. The method used was to obtain all available information about the social backgrounds, education and diplomatic careers of the 398 who had been or still were members of the Norwegian foreign service as diplomats from the last century up to the end of 1964. Most of the article shows trends in these data when they are divided in five or six phases, defined by events in the history of Norway in general and its foreign service in particular. These trends are found to be consistent with the theory fragments advanced in the first part of the article, but other interpretations are also possible. Finally some predictions are made with regard to what future diplomacy will look like, and some major sources of conflict are pointed out.

The instit of diplomacy is examined in terms of its main functions: negotiation, representation & as a channel of information. Some theses are illustrated & discussed re how diplomacy changes with growing internat'lization, changes in diplomatic style from elite-oriented via treaty-oriented to structure-oriented diplomacy, the various effects the extraordinarily high rank of the diplomat has, & types of contact diplomats usually have in the host-society & their loyalty problem. The changes over time in one particular foreign service, that of Norway, are analyzed. The method used was to obtain all available information about the soc backgrounds, educ & diplomatic careers of the 398 who had been or still were members of the Norwegian foreign service as diplomats from the last cent up to the end of 1964. Trends are shown in these data when they are divided in 5 or 6 phases, defined by events in the history of Norway in general & its foreign service in particular. Some predictions are made re what future diplomacy will look like, & some major sources of conflict are pointed out. Modified IPSA.