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Abstract:This paper examines one important dimension of the European Union's (EU) 'regional' engagement with the Caribbean: its relations with the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), with a particular focus on the possibility of furthering the policy goals of greater regional integration and cooperation. It does so in three parts. The first sets out the basis for current EU policy to the OCT which has been under discussion between the EU, the OCT and the four EU member states most involved (Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) since 2008. It reports EU proposals for change and the responses to them by the Caribbean OCTs. The second part examines EU policy toward promoting greater regional cooperation among the Caribbean OCTs and between them and some of the other Caribbean regional organizations. Three distinct frameworks for cooperation and integration are discussed: with independent states as established in the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Forum and the Economic Partnership Agreement; with the French departments and collectivities; and with the Caribbean OCT. In each the position of the Caribbean OCT is situated. The final part briefly discusses the creation of a 'new' framework for regional cooperation specific for the Caribbean OCT which will most closely match their interests in the Caribbean.Resumen: La Unión Europea y la Región del Caribe: Situando a los Países y Territorios de Ultramar del CaribeEste ensayo analiza una dimensión importante de la Unión Europea (UE) 'regional' y su compromiso con el Caribe: de igual manera sus relaciones con los Países y Territorios de Ultramar (PTU), con un enfoque particular sobre la posibilidad de promover los objetivos de la política con una mayor integración regional y cooperación. Este proceso se desglosa en tres partes. La primera establece la base para la actual política de la UE hacia los PTU, ya que esta ha sido objeto de debate entre los mismos y los cuatro miembros de la UE, donde Dinamarca, Francia, los Países Bajos y el Reino Unido son las más involucrados desde el 2008. En esta se informa la propuesta de la UE para el cambio y sus respuestas por los PTU del Caribe. La segunda parte examina la política de la UE hacia la promoción de una mayor cooperación regional entre los PTU del Caribe y otras organizaciones regionales del Caribe. Se discuten tres marcos distintos para la cooperación y la integración: con estados independientes establecidos en la Comunidad del Caribe, el Foro del Caribe y el Acuerdo de Asociación Económica, con los departamentos y colectividades franceses, y con los PTU del Caribe. En cada marco la posición de la PTU Caribe es clara. La parte final analiza brevemente la creación de un 'nuevo' marco específico para la cooperación regional para la PTU Caribe que con seguridad ajustaran sus intereses en el Caribe.

Abstract:This paper examines one important dimension of the European Union's (EU) 'regional' engagement with the Caribbean: its relations with the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT), with a particular focus on the possibility of furthering the policy goals of greater regional integration and cooperation. It does so in three parts. The first sets out the basis for current EU policy to the OCT which has been under discussion between the EU, the OCT and the four EU member states most involved (Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) since 2008. It reports EU proposals for change and the responses to them by the Caribbean OCTs. The second part examines EU policy toward promoting greater regional cooperation among the Caribbean OCTs and between them and some of the other Caribbean regional organizations. Three distinct frameworks for cooperation and integration are discussed: with independent states as established in the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Forum and the Economic Partnership Agreement; with the French departments and collectivities; and with the Caribbean OCT. In each the position of the Caribbean OCT is situated. The final part briefly discusses the creation of a 'new' framework for regional cooperation specific for the Caribbean OCT which will most closely match their interests in the Caribbean.Resumen: La Unión Europea y la Región del Caribe: Situando a los Países y Territorios de Ultramar del CaribeEste ensayo analiza una dimensión importante de la Unión Europea (UE) 'regional' y su compromiso con el Caribe: de igual manera sus relaciones con los Países y Territorios de Ultramar (PTU), con un enfoque particular sobre la posibilidad de promover los objetivos de la política con una mayor integración regional y cooperación. Este proceso se desglosa en tres partes. La primera establece la base para la actual política de la UE hacia los PTU, ya que esta ha sido objeto de debate entre los mismos y los cuatro miembros de la UE, donde Dinamarca, Francia, los Países Bajos y el Reino Unido son las más involucrados desde el 2008. En esta se informa la propuesta de la UE para el cambio y sus respuestas por los PTU del Caribe. La segunda parte examina la política de la UE hacia la promoción de una mayor cooperación regional entre los PTU del Caribe y otras organizaciones regionales del Caribe. Se discuten tres marcos distintos para la cooperación y la integración: con estados independientes establecidos en la Comunidad del Caribe, el Foro del Caribe y el Acuerdo de Asociación Económica, con los departamentos y colectividades franceses, y con los PTU del Caribe. En cada marco la posición de la PTU Caribe es clara. La parte final analiza brevemente la creación de un 'nuevo' marco específico para la cooperación regional para la PTU Caribe que con seguridad ajustaran sus intereses en el Caribe.

Front Cover -- Obesity Epidemic and the Environment -- Obesity Epidemic and the Environment: Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- Copyright -- Contents -- Biographies -- Matheus Koengkan -- José Alberto Fuinhas -- Aida Isabel Pereira Tavares -- Nuno Miguel Barateiro Gonçalves Silva -- 1 - Context of the obesity problem in the Latin American region -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Share of overweight adults in the LA region -- 1.3 Share of obese adults in the LA region -- 1.4 Share of overweight or obese children in the LA region -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 - Determinants of obesity in the Latin America and Caribbean region -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Conceptual model for the determinants of obesity -- 2.2.1 Health and physical activity -- 2.2.2 Individual effects -- 2.2.2.1 Low birthweight and child malnutrition -- 2.2.2.2 Education and income -- 2.2.3 Neighbourhood effects: social, economic and built environment -- 2.2.4 Technology effects -- 2.2.4.1 Transport -- 2.2.4.2 Other technological improvements -- 2.2.4.2.1 Home appliances -- 2.2.4.2.2 Air conditioning, elevators, television, video games and internet -- 2.2.4.3 Other macro-determinants -- 2.3 The nutrition transition -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Interactions between obesity, economic growth, globalisation, urbanisation and poverty in Latin American and Caribbean ... -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature review -- 3.2.1 Obesity and economic growth -- 3.2.2 Obesity and urbanisation -- 3.2.3 Obesity and poverty -- 3.2.4 Obesity and globalisation -- 3.3 Data and methods -- 3.3.1 Data -- 3.3.2 Method -- 3.4 Empirical results -- 3.5 Discussion -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 - The effect of the urbanisation process on body mass index in Latin American and Caribbean countries -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Method and data -- 4.2.1 Method -- 4.2.2 Data.

The objective of this article is to show the contribution of solidarity organizations in Colombia, especially in the Caribbean region and how that companies helps the people En Gestión Social y Solidaria to acquire and aggregate values determined on the need of the people with-in them; it is noteworthy that the percentage of solidarity companies is on an in-crease that is slow but ensuring a good future for these organizations, indicating that since the completion of this article, the percentage of companies has increased considerably and the Caribbean region has seen a positive change that will be in-fluenced by the different political variables that we have been unleashed in this year 2016. ; objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el aporte de organizaciones solidarias que existen en Colombia, especialmente en la Región Caribe y como estas adquieren valores agregados determinados en la necesidad de las personas que las conforman; cabe destacar el porcentaje de empresas solidarias que va en un aumen-to, pero que asegura un buen futuro para este tipo de organizaciones, lo que indica que desde la realización de este articulo el porcentaje de empresas haya aumentado considerablemente y en la Región Caribe se haya visto un cambio positivo que será influido con las diferentes variables políticas que se han desatado en este año 2016

The objective of this article is to show the contribution of solidarity organizations in Colombia, especially in the Caribbean region and how that companies helps the people to acquire and aggregate values determined on the need of the people within them; it is noteworthy that the percentage of solidarity companies is on an increase that is slow but ensuring a good future far these organizations, indicat-ing that since the completion of this article, the percentage of companies has in-creased considerably and the Caribbean region has seen a positive change that will be influenced by the different political variables that we have been unleashed in this year 2016. ; El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el aporte de organizaciones solidarias que existen en Colombia, especialmente en la región Caribe y como estas adquieren valores agregados determinados en la necesidad de las personas que las con-forman; cabe destacar el porcentaje de empresas solidarias que va en un aumen-to, pero que asegura un buen futuro para este tipo de organizaciones, lo que in-dica que desde la realización de este artículo el porcentaje de empresas haya aumentado considerablemente y en la región Caribe se haya visto un cambio po-sitivo que será influido con las diferentes variables políticas que se han desatado en este año 2016.

Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LCR) is exposed to a wide variety of natural hazards including earthquakes, volcanoes, storms, extreme temperatures, droughts, floods, landslides, etc., many of which are regularly aggravated by the recurrent El Nino and ENSO phenomenon. The global trend toward increasing climate variability is likely to exacerbate many of these hazards. The World Bank Natural Disaster Hotspots study (Dilley et al. 2005) indicates that seven among the world's top 15 countries exposed to three or more hazards are located in LCR.Similarly, 15 among the world's top 60 countries exposed to two or more hazards are LCR countries. The Latin American and Caribbean governments have long recognized the need to address disaster risk, and their efforts 'to develop the tools to effectively mainstream disaster risk management into development activities' (ibid., p. 1) have evolved over the last few decades. Since the mid-20th century, most of the countries in the region were working to address disasters through their respective civil protection agencies. Just like elsewhere in the world, efforts focused on ex-post response and recovery needs. While these efforts are undeniably important, they are increasingly proving to be insufficient. Over the last decade, governments, intergovernmental, non-governmental, and development organizations have gradually shifted the focus of their efforts towards ex-ante approaches to disaster risk management, with a special focus on disaster risk reduction via reducing vulnerability, capacity building, better information, and institutional strengthening.

Abstract
This article engages in an empirical assessment of the 55 Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) that, to date, have been concluded by 12 Caribbean countries, in order to determine the extent to which, in light of extant arbitral practice, there is a need for reform of the BIT landscape in the region. The article makes the central argument that although most Caribbean countries are capital-importing jurisdictions that are vulnerable to external shocks, including a multiplicity of claims brought by foreign investors, Caribbean governments have been slow to make changes to most regional BITs, many of which contain glaring weaknesses, and the majority of which were concluded more than two decades ago. It contends that, having regard to extant arbitral jurisprudence, which interprets various provisions of BITs in a manner that is often contradictory and even hostile to the interests of developing States, the time is ripe for reform of the regional BIT landscape. The article adopts a comparative approach to its discussion of the various provisions of regional BITs, and relies heavily on arbitral awards involving a range of countries across the globe on myriad controversial issues so as to illustrate areas in which incoherence, inconsistency and unpredictability exist, where regulatory chill is possible, and where reform is accordingly necessary.