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Those working on the Caribbean have regularly adopted the figures and practices of translation in their work and also have devoted attention to the study of various translational processes. The presence of the Caribbean in translation studies remains, however, considerably less evident. This essay reflects on this missed cross-disciplinary rendezvous, foregrounding the importance of questions of cultural translation in a Caribbean context but at the same time considering the practical intralinguistic and interlinguistic underpinnings of any analysis of translation in the Caribbean (and of the Caribbean in translation). Drawing on a number of examples, ranging from the relief effort following the Haitian earthquake in 2010 to current CARIFORUM and CARICOM language policy, the discussion focuses on the region as a translation zone. The essay concludes that although the Caribbean may be usefully defined in terms of translation, it is also essential—in reciprocal terms—that wider discussion of translation should itself be actively "Caribbeanized."

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Afro-Caribbeana: An Introduction -- PART I. SLAVERY, FORCED LABOR AND THE PLANTATION SYSTEM -- 2. Slavery and the Afro-American Worl d -- 3. Slavery and Forced Labor in Puerto Rico -- 4. The History of a Puerto Rican Plantation -- PART II. CARIBBEAN PEASANTRIES -- 5. The Origins of Reconstituted Peasantries -- 6. The Historical Sociology of Jamaican Villages -- 7. The Origins of the Jamaican Market System -- 8. The Contemporary Jamaican Market System -- 9. Houses and Yards among Caribbean Peasantries -- PART III. CARIBBEAN NATIONHOOD -- 10. The Case of Haiti -- 11. Caribbean Nationhood: An Anthropological Perspective -- References -- Index

Caribbean economies face high and rising debt-to-GDP ratios that jeopardize prospects for medium-term debt sustainability and growth. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of fiscal consolidation and debt reduction in the Caribbean. It examines the problem of high debt in the region and discusses policy options for improving debt sustainability, including fiscal consolidation, robust growth, and structural reforms. The book also examines empirically the factors underlying global large debt reduction episodes to draw important policy lessons for the Caribbean. It also re

In the interest of locating race and ethnicity as sociological and political categories that are inimical to contemporary conceptions of the nation state, editor Anton L. Allahar explores the geopolitics of the Caribbean through a comparative focus. The result is a study that is unique in scope and also in its level of scholarly reflection. This book is the first of its kind. It is essential reading for anyone interested in advancing their analysis of political, economic, social, and cultural thought in the Caribbean and other former colonial modern nations

The Caribbean Organization, a new organization for economic and social cooperation in the Caribbean area, was created under an agreement signed by representatives of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and the Netherlands in Washington, D. C, on June 21, 1960. The new organization was to supercede the Caribbean Commission founded in 1946 by the same four signatory powers, which was in turn the successor to the wartime Anglo- American Caribbean Commission. The Caribbean Organization, reportedly set up as the result of the wishes of the people of the area and in light of their new constitutional relationships, was designed to remove the taint of colonialism attached to the paternal structure of the Caribbean Commission. Although the four signatories of the agreement were members of the Caribbean Commission, only France, representing the three French Overseas Departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, was eligible for membership in the new organization. Membership in the Caribbean Organization was to be open to the following: the Netherlands Antilles, Surinam, the Bahamas, British Guiana, British Honduras, the British Virgin Islands, the British West Indies, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands of the United States, in addition to France. Any of the eligible prospective members could accede to membership in the organization by notifying the Secretary- General of the organization or the Secretary- General of the Caribbean Commission. The statute of the organization, annexed to the agreement for its establishment, included in the purposes of the organization social, cultural, and economic matters of common interest to the Caribbean area, particularly in the fields of agriculture, communications, education, fisheries, health, housing, industry, labor, music and the arts, social welfare, and trade.

Ninth SessionThe ninth meeting of the Caribbean Commission was held at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, from December 5 to 9 under the chairmanship of Ward M. Canaday (United States). One of the first items to be considered was the Secretary General's report on secretariat activities since the eighth meeting of the Commission. The Secretary-General (Cramer) reported that in addition to servicing the Commission and the Caribbean Research Council, the secretariat had carried out the publications program of the Commission, had handled numerous requests for information and assistance, and had undertaken studies on such subjects as soil erosion, Caribbean industry and the utilization of sugar by-products. The Commission approved appointments to the Caribbean Research Council and its committees on medicine, public health and nutrition, sociology and education, economics and statistics, engineering, and industrial development. It was decided to convene in 1950 a small conference of territorial statistical officers to discuss standardization of methods of reporting trade statistics. A United States paper on "Socio Economic Surveys in the Caribbean Area" which had been submitted at the eighth meeting was considered in the light of governmental comments on the projects proposed, and the Commission agreed to give priority to two projects deemed to be of the most immediate value to the social and economic development of the area: a study of Caribbean employment patterns and the factors affecting industrial productivity, and a study of educational and leadership requirements. Third order of priority was given to a survey of variations in the cost and levels of living in the various Caribbean territories.

The tenth meeting of the Caribbean Commission was held at the Maison du Sport, Fort de France, Martinique June 26 to July 1, 1950. Mr. J. H. Daridan, the French co-chairman of the Commission, acted as chairman. The Commission passed several resolutions on participation in conferences of the Caribbean Commission and agreed that 1) individuals from member countries were to attend and participate in Research Council meetings, commission meetings and technical conferences without vote, 2) governments not members of the Caribbean Commission were to be invited to send delegates to such meetings upon the approval of the member governments and 3) international agencies were to be invited to the Commission Conference upon the recommendation of the member governments.

Fifth Meeting of the Caribbean Commission: Resolutions adopted by the Caribbean Commission which met in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, from December 8 to 13, 1947, assigned Guadeloupe and November 1948 as the place and date for the third biennial session of the West Indian Conference, planned the conference agenda, and gave publicity to the recommendations of the Caribbean Research Council which had met in Port-of-Spain the week before. The Commission, under the chairmanship of Governor William H. Hastie (United States) set its budget at $343,537, which represented a reduction of $27,800 from its budget of the previous year. The Commission discussed a reorganization of its machinery and personnel, and suggested that the personnel of the central secretariat be strengthened by gradual addition of scientific and technical staff.

During the period under review arrangements were being completed for the fourth session of the West Indian Conference, which was to be held in Curasao, Netherlands West Indies from November 27 to December 10, 1950. Prominent in the provisional agenda, which was circulated to all interested parties prior to the conference was the topic of agricultural problems of the Caribbean. This agenda topic had been decided upon by the third session of the conference and was in conformity with its recommendations as well as those of the Caribbean Research Council and its research committees. Under this topic representatives would discuss the importance of agriculture in Caribbean economy, with reference to the world market; farm management; soil conservation and fertility; water control; animal husbandry; types of farming; rural welfare; land tenure and settlement; rural housing, including potable water supply; extension services; general rural education; marketing problems; and agricultural credit, labor, mechanization and research.

A special session of the West Indian Conference convened on July 28, 1959, in St. Thomas, the Virgin Islands, to consider revision of the agreement which established the Caribbean Commission in October 1946. The delegates were welcomed by Mr. John Merwin, Governor of the Virgin Islands, who referred to the proposed revision for the transfer of control to local governments as an exciting new concept which would witness the withdrawal from active membership of the metropolitan powers and the taking over of these functions by the non-self-governing territories and possessions. Before starting deliberations on the successor body, delegates went on record in support of a continuation of regional cooperation in the area through some machinery similar to the Caribbean Commission, the good work of which was unanimously acclaimed. After several days of discussion and working in committees, the Conference accepted a Statute for a new Caribbean Organization to succeed the present Caribbean Commission, agreeing that it should be submitted to the governments concerned. The statute gave the Organization consultative and advisory powers and defined the areas of its concern as being those social, economic, and cultural matters of common interest in the Caribbean area. Eligible for membership were the Republic of France for the Departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique; the Netherlands Antilles; Surinam; the Bahamas; British Guiana; British Honduras; British Virgin Islands; the West Indies; Puerto Rico; and the Virgin Islands. The governing body of the new organization would be the Caribbean Council, which would hold annual meetings and to which each member would be entitled to nominate one delegate. The Organization was to come into being after an agreement with the members of the present Caribbean Commission—namely, the governments of France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States—for its establishment had been ratified. Following an offer from the government of Puerto Rico to contribute 44.3 percent of the total budget on the understanding that the new Organization would have its headquarters in that country, the Conference agreed on the following apportionment of costs to cover its proposed budget: France, $50,560; Netherlands Antilles, $24,490; Surinam, $19,750; British Guiana, $11,760; the West Indies, $44,240; Puerto Rico, $140,000; and the Virgin Islands, $25,200. As an interim step designed to facilitate the transition, the Conference recommended that the Commission appoint a working group of experts to examine the problems which would arise from the change-over, and to give its attention as well to the task of formulating guiding principles for the work of the Organization.

International audience ; The current archaeozoological knowledge in the Caribbean seems ill-matched and fragmented, we should set the Caribbean archaeological research in its historical, epistemological and economical context. Initially practiced by naturalists and scientists from Occident, then by Caribbean, north-American and Europeans academics, this research reflects in one hand the major occidental thoughts in anthropology and human sciences, but on the other hand the political and economical regional diversity of the Caribbean. Indeed, since the beginning of the XX th century, the Europe an excitement about the Tainos of the Greater Antilles allowed both academic (governement and university) and rescue archaeology in the whole Caribbean. It is based on survey and excavation techniques adapted to the tropical environments, as well as on specialized studies, such as Archaeozoology, following European practices. Moreover, an increasing number of excavations occurred in the Caribbean for the past decades. Regional Museums have opened, and European and North American universities and academic institutions have settled in several islands. Researches have developed on subsistence, on environmental exploitation, on technology, on villages organization, on exchanges and chronocultural shifts. Finally, a number of archaeozoological researchers provided micro-regional and regional synthesis for the Caribbean. This paper introduces the particular geography of the Caribbean, a brief history of the pre-Columbian archaeology and archaeozoological researches in the Caribbean, and the major cultural pre-Columbian changes found through Archaeozoology.