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This is the first comprehensive evaluation of the Carolingian economy to appear in English in over twenty years. Aspects of land and people, agrarian production and technique, craft and industry, and regional and international commerce are analysed, and the Carolingian economy is reassessed in a European context

The capitularies of Carolingian kings and emperors are amongst the most important sources for the governance of the Frankish empire in the eighth and ninth century. They are usually rated as normative texts that convey decisions taken at court, in particular, on legislative, judicial, and administrative matters, across the realm. However, the actual range of these texts is even larger. Topics covered may include the reforming of the church, provisions for the imperial succession, agendas of an upcoming assembly, and private notes or summaries of deliberations at court. All extant capitularies are exclusively transmitted in the context of collections produced locally, most likely by royal agents or office holders. Recent research is increasingly looking beyond the relevance of capitularies for Frankish legal 0history. Instead, new approaches investigate the role of capitularies as flexible tools of governance and as important sources for the communication between the ruler and his elites on practical as well as moral issues.

International audience ; The collapse of the Carolingian Empire in 888 dramatically changed the political and ideological landscape of Western Europe. For the first time since 751, in the kingdoms that formerly formed the Frankish Empire power was taken by non-Carolingian kings, who effectively broke the monopoly on kingship held by the descendants of Pepin the Short. However, the end of the Empire did not mean the end of the royal family itself: after 888, there were still kings who perceived themselves as members of Carolingian stirps regia. This article deals with three of the post-888 rulers, Berengar of Italy, Louis of Provence and Charles the Simple, who aspired to present themselves as the true heirs to the Carolingian tradition. Nonetheless, their not-so-self-evident adherence to the former royal family clearly demonstrates that the crisis of 888 did not only leave its mark on the political shape of the post-Carolingian Europe, but more importantly it touched the very idea of Carolingian familial identity.

International audience ; The collapse of the Carolingian Empire in 888 dramatically changed the political and ideological landscape of Western Europe. For the first time since 751, in the kingdoms that formerly formed the Frankish Empire power was taken by non-Carolingian kings, who effectively broke the monopoly on kingship held by the descendants of Pepin the Short. However, the end of the Empire did not mean the end of the royal family itself: after 888, there were still kings who perceived themselves as members of Carolingian stirps regia. This article deals with three of the post-888 rulers, Berengar of Italy, Louis of Provence and Charles the Simple, who aspired to present themselves as the true heirs to the Carolingian tradition. Nonetheless, their not-so-self-evident adherence to the former royal family clearly demonstrates that the crisis of 888 did not only leave its mark on the political shape of the post-Carolingian Europe, but more importantly it touched the very idea of Carolingian familial identity.

International audience ; The collapse of the Carolingian Empire in 888 dramatically changed the political and ideological landscape of Western Europe. For the first time since 751, in the kingdoms that formerly formed the Frankish Empire power was taken by non-Carolingian kings, who effectively broke the monopoly on kingship held by the descendants of Pepin the Short. However, the end of the Empire did not mean the end of the royal family itself: after 888, there were still kings who perceived themselves as members of Carolingian stirps regia. This article deals with three of the post-888 rulers, Berengar of Italy, Louis of Provence and Charles the Simple, who aspired to present themselves as the true heirs to the Carolingian tradition. Nonetheless, their not-so-self-evident adherence to the former royal family clearly demonstrates that the crisis of 888 did not only leave its mark on the political shape of the post-Carolingian Europe, but more importantly it touched the very idea of Carolingian familial identity.

International audience ; The collapse of the Carolingian Empire in 888 dramatically changed the political and ideological landscape of Western Europe. For the first time since 751, in the kingdoms that formerly formed the Frankish Empire power was taken by non-Carolingian kings, who effectively broke the monopoly on kingship held by the descendants of Pepin the Short. However, the end of the Empire did not mean the end of the royal family itself: after 888, there were still kings who perceived themselves as members of Carolingian stirps regia. This article deals with three of the post-888 rulers, Berengar of Italy, Louis of Provence and Charles the Simple, who aspired to present themselves as the true heirs to the Carolingian tradition. Nonetheless, their not-so-self-evident adherence to the former royal family clearly demonstrates that the crisis of 888 did not only leave its mark on the political shape of the post-Carolingian Europe, but more importantly it touched the very idea of Carolingian familial identity.

International audience ; The collapse of the Carolingian Empire in 888 dramatically changed the political and ideological landscape of Western Europe. For the first time since 751, in the kingdoms that formerly formed the Frankish Empire power was taken by non-Carolingian kings, who effectively broke the monopoly on kingship held by the descendants of Pepin the Short. However, the end of the Empire did not mean the end of the royal family itself: after 888, there were still kings who perceived themselves as members of Carolingian stirps regia. This article deals with three of the post-888 rulers, Berengar of Italy, Louis of Provence and Charles the Simple, who aspired to present themselves as the true heirs to the Carolingian tradition. Nonetheless, their not-so-self-evident adherence to the former royal family clearly demonstrates that the crisis of 888 did not only leave its mark on the political shape of the post-Carolingian Europe, but more importantly it touched the very idea of Carolingian familial identity.

Die Entwicklungen bis zum neunten Jahrhundert hatten dazu geführt, dass von den Menschen, die das Reich der Karolinger organisierten und beherrschten, dafür verantwortlich waren, eine Reihe von sozialen, religiösen und politischen Veränderungen herbeizuführen. Das vorliegende Werk widmet sich diesen Transformationen während der ersten Jahrzehnte des neunten Jahrhunderts, als das Reich noch vom Optimismus seiner Oberschicht geprägt war. Dabei wird keine neue große Analyse angeboten, sondern auf der Grundlage der reichlich zum Thema vorhandenen Detailstudien eine neue Interpretation der zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung von der Verbesserung des eigenen Verhaltens einerseits und der institutionellen Reformen andererseits vorgelegt. Das Buch zeigt das Ausmaß an Reflexion, das die Träger der karolingischen Reformen aufwiesen - immer mit der Leitfrage im Kopf, was einen guten Christen in einem guten, christlichen Reich ausmacht. ; By the early ninth century, taking responsibility for aseries of social, religious and political transformations had become an integral part of running the Carolingian empire. This book takes a fresh look at these transformations during the optimistic first decades of the ninth century. Extrapolating from a series of detailed case studies rather than presenting a new grand narrative, it offers new interpretations of contemporary theories of personal improvement and institutional reforms, and shows the self-awareness of its main instigators as they pondered what it meant to be a good Christian in a good Christian empire.