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Includes index. ; "August 1984." ; Shipping list no.: 91-123-P. ; "Reprint which includes current pages from changes 1 through 3." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. A-1 - A-4). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 14

"5 November 1985." ; Shipping list no.: 95-0279-P. ; Caption title. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 5-[6]). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

U.S. forces hit "headquarters, storage, and training locations for rocket, missile, and one-way attack UAV capabilities," according to CENTCOM. The strike is the eight against the Iranian-backed militias, which have hit U.S. bases more than 150 times since Hamas attacks Israel in October 2023.
The post U.S. carries out strikes on Iran-backed militias in Iraq first appeared on FDD's Long War Journal.

<p>Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile's precise striking. For getting a stable and high-performance navigation result, a ultra-tight global position system (GPS), inertial measuring unit integration (IMU)-based navigation approach is proposed. In this study, high-accuracy position information output from IMU in a short time to assist the carrier phase tracking in the GPS receiver, and then fused the output information of IMU and GPS based on federated filter. Meanwhile, introduced the cubature kalman filter as the local filter to replace the unscented kalman filter, and improved it with strong tracking principle, then, improved the federated filter with vector sharing theory. Lastly simulation was carried out based on the real ballistic data, from the estimation error statistic figure. The navigation accuracy of the proposed method is higher than traditional method.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1, January 2016, pp. 64-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.8326</strong></p>

On Jan. 20, 2024, Iran's Revolutionary Guards successfully launched a three-stage rocket that put the Sorayya satellite into orbit, at an unprecedented 460 miles above the Earth's surface. It is alleged that Iran's space program is a cover for testing a nuclear weapons delivery system. What is a scientific victory for Iran could also be a strategic projection of the Islamic Republic's geo-spatial power. While this space launch was planned days in advance, it occurred on the same day that Israeli forces allegedly killed five Revolutionary Guards of the expeditionary Quds Force in Damascus, followed by an Iraqi militia affiliated with Iran firing ballistic missiles at a base housing American forces in Iraq. Just five days earlier, Iran launched salvos of ballistic missiles towards Syria, Iraq, and Pakistan against alleged terrorist bases.The recent satellite launch into space is connected to these political tensions on the ground. It sent a message to the U.S. and Israel that, despite sanctions or the assassination of its scientists, Iran can still develop the technology to fire a long-distance missile, whether into space or over a continent. If the sanctions and assassinations were meant to curtail such activities, Iran demonstrated they are not working.This points to an unexamined aspect of the conflict in the Middle East since Oct. 7, 2023: Outer space has become a conflict zone. When Iraqi Shi'a militias or Yemeni Houthis launch a drone or ballistic missile, these weapons either enter space or depend on satellites.What the latest Iranian launch has also demonstrated is that the conflicts of Earth — the current fighting in the Middle East in this case — have been projected into space, reminiscent of a trend that began with the Cold War superpowers.Militarizing spaceA ballistic missile burns up the fuel that propels it into the atmosphere until it enters space. Once the fuel is consumed, the missile's trajectory cannot be altered, following a path determined by gravity pulling it back toward the Earth's surface — and its eventual target. The German V-2 was the first ballistic missile. Fired on September 8, 1944, it was the first human-made object hurtled into space. As they invaded Germany, both the U.S. and Soviets sought out the German rocket scientists to develop their respective missile/space programs. The V-2's technology allowed the U.S. and Soviets to send satellites into space, even allowing astronauts to reach the moon itself.In October 1957, the Soviets launched the first satellite, Sputnik, into space, where it orbited the earth and delivered a prestigious victory for communism during the Cold War. According to historian Douglas Brinkley, "For a world locked in a Cold War rivalry between the Americans and the Soviets, space quickly became the new arena of battle." Space launchers and launches were a means of refining military technology discreetly, in the name of space exploration, while simultaneously broadcasting these advances to adversaries and allies. From an American national security perspective, if the USSR could launch a satellite into space, it could do the same with a nuclear warhead, putting American territory in danger. Furthermore, a missile/ rocket might carry a physical payload, such as a satellite or a warhead, but it also carries a political message intended to communicate to adversaries short of violence. That dynamic is what made the Cold War cold.The same threat perceptions explain why the U.S. feared Iran's satellite program well before the regional war escalated last October, pitting American forces against the Islamic Republic's allies in Yemen and Iraq.The American and Soviet space programs were also about prestige, and the most recent launch has been a matter of national prestige for Iran in the aftermath of the deadly terrorist blasts that occurred in the nation on Jan. 3.Middle East geopolitics and astropoliticsAs for the Middle East, historically, outer space was an area used to penetrate the region. During the Cold War, the U.S. and USSR deployed spy satellites above the Middle East, and later satellites were essential for the global positioning system (GPS) to guide American cruise missiles and drones used against Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War, and then against al-Qaida after 2001.In the 21st century, the Global South entered the space arena, led by China, India, and Iran. Space soon emerged as an arena for competition among Middle Eastern states. Among the Persian Gulf regimes, Qatar achieved asymmetric power in the 1990s against Saudi Arabia by broadcasting Al Jazeera to its much larger neighbor, as well as the entire region, via a news channel that depends on satellite technology. The United Arab Emirates is currently bolstering its credentials as a regional Sparta by embarking on a mission to Mars.Israel, however, had a monopoly on space technology and putting its own satellites into space. Iran's current space program serves as a means to challenge a regional rival as well as a superpower — the U.S. At the same time, Iran's allies in the "Axis of Resistance" have militarized space. Iran gave Houthis drone technology that can fly long distances to strike Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Houthi drone attacks are guided by satellite technology, as a drone flying at such a long range depends on a satellite data link for information to be sent back to the pilot in Yemen. As for Houthi drones, they are GPS-guided to their target before crashing into it to wreak havoc and damage. The Houthis have no known communications satellites and rely on commercially available satellite space. These attacks demonstrate a sophisticated level of coordination among the Houthis, who use 3D printing to build the drones and the components based on Iranian designs, while imagery analysts, uplink engineers, mechanics, and pilot crews work in unison to support the attacks. By 2022, Houthi strikes were one of the factors that pushed Saudi Arabia and the UAE to extricate themselves from the Yemen conflict, which also gave an advantage to Iran, the Gulf countries' regional adversary. The Houthis mastered both drone technology and ballistic missiles. The Soviets transformed the German V-2 into the Scud, the most widely proliferated ballistic missile in the Arab world. The Houthis inherited Scuds from the former government after the Arab Spring. In 2017, they fired them towards Saudi Arabia. In 2023, the Houthis launched both drones and ballistic missiles towards Israel's southern port of Eilat, in solidarity with Hamas. In 2017, the Houthis attacked King Salman air base in Saudi Arabia and as well as Riyadh with the Burkan 2-H, a ballistic Scud-type missile inherited from the old Yemeni arsenal, and engineered with a range of more than 500 miles to hit the Saudi capital. Unlike the Burkan, the missiles that were launched towards Eilat were most likely based on the Iranian Ghadr (or Qadr) a close relative of the North Korean Nodong, basically a larger missile based on the original Soviet Scud missile, with more than double the range at 1,200 miles. These Houthi ballistic missiles reached outer space, where Israel's Arrow defense system intercepted them in the stratosphere, marking the first instance of space combat in history.The Islamic Republic's most recent space launch has sent a message to Israel that Iran is catching up. The message to the U.S. is that Iran is in a stronger position after Trump's 2017 unilateral withdrawal from the nuclear deal. Afterwards, Iran had the excuse to advance its centrifuge nuclear technology, its nuclear stockpile, and now advance its space program.Meanwhile, the message to the Iranian people is that, while its economy is under sanctions and they endure terrorist attacks, at least they can take national pride in reaching space.

The work is an announcement on the current state of the research project implementation. The study presents the results of an analysis of the project's research area. On this basis, the two-stage micro-satellite launch system was selected. The system, a space-kit is based on an adopted combat aircraft carrying a satellite-laden rocket that is fired at the maximum altitude. As a potential transport platform, two withdrawn supersonic aircraft were selected: the MiG-29 and the Su-22. A dedicated mission-laden rocket is to be carried under the fuselage. Preliminary analyses have shown that the aircraft indicated with the proposed mission profile will successfully carry out the task of launching a hypothetical rocket with a payload of at least 10 kg into low earth orbit. This confirmed the merits of the basic thesis of the research project. For the analysis of the aeromechanical properties of the kit, both 3D digital models for computer simulations and physical models scaled for tunnel tests were developed. Laser scanners were used to map aircraft geometry, and measurements were made on Su-22 and MiG-29 aircraft in the aviation laboratory of the Military University of Technology. Using three-dimensional scaled models generated in a CAD environment, physical solid models were printed for wind tunnel investigations. Preliminary computer simulations conducted in the ANSYS Fluent system did not point out any negative impact of the rocket on aerodynamic characteristics and stability of the both carrier aircraft. Keywords: air-launch satellite system, air-launch platform, microsatellite.

С конца 1990-х годов продолжается дискуссия о последствиях ракетно-космической деятельности для здоровья населения, проживающего вблизи районов падения отделяющихся частей ракет-носителей. Некоторые ученые (Колядо И.Б. и соавт., 2001, 2013; Шойхет Я.Н. и соавт., 2005, 2008; Скребцова Н.В., 2005, 2006; Сидоров П.И. и соавт., 2007) утверждают, что основной причиной заболеваемости является воздействие несимметричного диметилгидразина (НДМГ). Вместе с тем экологи обнаруживают его только в местах падения фрагментов отделяющихся частей ракет-носителей. Представленные в статье данные получены в результате многолетних эпидемиолого-гигиенических исследований. Выполнена гигиеническая оценка содержания химических веществ в воде, почве и продуктах питания, пищевого статуса и риска для здоровья населения вблизи районов падения 310 и 326. Изучены условия труда и состояние здоровья военнослужащих на объектах хранения компонентов ракетного топлива. Связь выявленных заболеваний с НДМГ не установлена, но выявлена их обусловленность влиянием факторов среды обитания, характерных для территорий и условий проживания. Показано, что в селах, вблизи района падения 310, доля высокотревожных лиц в 1,8 раза выше, чем в контроле, что вызвано случаями падения фрагментов ступеней ракет-носителей на территории населенных пунктов. ; Since the late 1990s, the ongoing debate about the consequences of the rocket-space activities for the health of people residing near areas of fall of separating from parts of rockets. Some scientists (Kolyado IB et al., 2001, 2013; Shoikhet YN et al., 2005, 2008; Skrebtsova NV, 2005, 2006, Sidorov PI et al., 2007) argue that the main cause of morbidity is the effect of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). However, environmentalists find it only in areas of falling fragments of separated parts of carrier rockets. Presented in the article data were obtained as a result of perennial epidemiological and hygienic research. There was performed a hygienic assessment of the content of chemical substances in water, soil and food, nutritional status and health risk near areas of the district of falling 310 and 326. There were studied conditions of work and the health of military personnel at the sites of storage of propellant components. The relationship between revealed diseases and UDMH was not established, but there was their causality due to the influence of environmental factors characteristic of territories and living conditions. In the settlements near the area of falling district 310 the share of extremely anxious persons was shown to be 1.8 times higher than in controls, which is caused by cases of falling fragments stages of carrier rockets in the territory of settlements.

Ballistic rockets systems were introduced into the Near East in the 1960s, but it is only since the end of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) that trends in rearmament, which had first been hinted at in the years and decades before, finally managed to dominate: in the strategic doctrines of individual actors, the development, possession, and the fitness for use of ballistic carrier weapons gained a central role in the defence against regional threats. These rockets could be fitted out to carry conventional, nuclear, or chemical warheads. This analysis firstly looks at the current status of the weapon proliferation in the Near East and the reasons for it. Then, the political counter-measures of the regional and extra-regional actors are discussed. (Orient/DÜI)