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"Cosmopolitan Spaces in Odesa: A Case Study of an Urban Context is the first book to explore Odesa's cosmopolitan spaces in an urban context from the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries. Leading scholars shed new light on encounters between Jewish, Ukrainian, and Russian cultures. They debate different understandings of cosmopolitanism as they are reflected in Odesa's rich multilingual culture, ranging from intellectual history and education to music, opera, and literature. The issues of language and interethnic tensions, imperialist repression, and language choice are still with us today. Moreover, the book affords a historical view of what lay behind the Odesa myth, as well as insights into the Jewish and Ukrainian cultural revivals of the early twentieth century"--

The article analyzes the content of the concept of a case of insignificant complexity (insignificant case) in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine. An attempt is made to define the essence of the concept of minor case in the sense of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine, as well as to clarify the place of minor cases among all categories of cases considered in administrative proceedings. Attention is drawn to the fact that paragraph 20, part 1 of Article 4 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine is the only rule where the term minor case is used. Further, Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine uses the terms case of insignificant complexity, simplified litigation, other cases for which the priority is to resolve the case quickly. According to the current legislation, the cassation review of minor cases is not provided, but the Supreme Court may accept a minor case for consideration in the following conditions: if the cassation appeal concerns an issue that is fundamental for the formation of a single law enforcement practice; if the person filing the cassation appeal is deprived of the opportunity to refute the circumstances established by the appealed court decision when considering another case; if the case is of significant public interest or is of exceptional importance for the party to the case who files a cassation appeal or the court of first instance classified the case as insignificant. Peculiarities of realization of the right to appellate and cassation appeal of insignificant cases in administrative proceedings of Ukraine in the light of innovations of the legislation of Ukraine, domestic judicial practice and practice of the European Court of Human Rights are considered. A systematic analysis of the provisions of the article gives grounds for the following conclusions: the court has the right to classify the case as insignificant according to the results of assessing the nature of the disputed legal relationship, the subject of proof, the composition of participants and other circumstances, except as provided in part four of Art. 12 Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine; it is not necessary for the court of first instance to recognize the case as insignificant in order to apply the cassation filter. It is sufficient that it fall under the signs of insignificance established by law; the introduction of cassation filters complies with the principle of legal certainty, the need for which the European Court of Human Rights points out in its decisions. ; У статті здійснено аналіз змісту поняття справа незначної складності (малозначна справа) в адміністративному судочинстві України. Зроблена спроба визначити сутність поняття «малозначна справа» в розумінні Кодексу адміністративного судочинства України, а також з'ясувати місце малозначних справ серед усіх категорій справ, що розглядаються в порядку адміністративного судочинства. Звертається увага на те, що п. 20 ч. 1 ст. 4 КАС є єдиною нормою, де використовується термін «малозначна справа». Далі КАС використовує поняття «справа незначної складності», «спрощене позовне провадження», «інші справи, для яких пріоритетним є швидке вирішення справи» тощо. Відповідно до чинного законодавства касаційний перегляд малозначних справ не передбачено. Однак Верховний суд може прийняти малозначну справу до розгляду за наявності таких умов: якщо касаційна скарга стосується питання, яке має фундаментальне значення для формування єдиної правозастосовної практики; якщо особа, яка подає касаційну скаргу, позбавлена можливості спростувати обставини, встановлені оскарженим судовим рішенням, під час розгляду іншої справи; якщо справа становить значний суспільний інтерес або має виняткове значення для учасника справи, який подає касаційну скаргу або суд першої інстанції відніс справу до категорії малозначних помилково. Розглянуто особливості реалізації права на апеляційне та касаційне оскарження малозначних справ в адміністративному судочинстві України у світлі нововведень законодавства України, вітчизняної судової практики та практики Європейського суду з прав людини. Системний аналіз положень статті дає підстави для таких висновків: суд має право віднести справу до категорії малозначних за результатами оцінки характеру спірних правовідносин, предмету доказування, складу учасників та інших обставин, крім випадків, передбачених частиною четвертоюст. 12 КАС України; для застосування касаційного фільтра не обов'язковим є визнання судом першої інстанції справи малозначною. Достатньо, щоб вона підпадала під ознаки малозначної, установлені законом; запровадження касаційних фільтрів відповідає принципу правової визначеності, на необхідність дотримання якого у своїх рішеннях вказує Європейський суд із прав людини.

Currently, the institute of typical and exemplary cases is represented by the norms of only one of the national procedural laws, namely, the norms of the Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine. This is completely justified because the probability of similar legal disputes between individuals and subjects of authoritative powers is extremely high. Subjects of authoritative powers apply the same rules of law to a wide range of persons. Such application may be based on misunderstanding of general mandatory rules resulting in violation of the rights of individuals or restriction of these rights implementation. Besides, in most cases, the legal disputes to be considered under the rules of administrative proceedings need to be decided as soon as possible. Referring to the institute of typical and exemplary cases makes it possible to ensure the necessary rapid decision-making: the decision at exemplary case gives reference points in considering typical cases. In other words, the judge in fact receives a "competent recommendation" according to which he is obliged to decide a case characterized by typical features. Taking this into account the authors consider that according to the national legislator, the institute of typical and exemplary cases is aimed, inter alia, at ensuring the unity of judicial practice. The paper presents the analysis of the provisions of procedural law, the study of corresponding court decisions. Taking this into consideration an attempt is made to identify to what extent the implementation of the institute of typical and exemplary cases has influenced the unification of Ukrainian courts judging the public-legal disputes that can be considered the most common.

Quantitative data are increasingly influencing the evaluation of the effectiveness of research and researchers. Citations may be the main metric to assess the quality and value of a publication, the number of which evaluates the academic impact. Who and how is citing Ukrainian scholarly journals? And speaking about citations, what are the main connections and trends? To study these aspects, we analyzed the citations of two "young" Ukrainian journals published by the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The authors searched for articles published by two journals (Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal and Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal) in the citation databases Dimensions, Web of Science and Scopus. With the help of bibliometric analysis, such indicators as: citation; self-citation of the author; self-citation of the journal; citations from the author affiliated with the publisher of the journal; citations from the author who has a joint affiliation with the author of the article; Altmetric Attention Score. The purpose of the study is to distinguish the publications impact in various fields of knowledge in Open Access journals for researchers around the world, the growing number of citations for English-language publications, the importance of international publishing standards, correlations for self-citation, etc. An important aim is also to summarize the importance of journal indexing in different databases. The study showed that the number of journal citations is primarily influenced by the thematic relevance of published materials. Including, the subject of the article (volume, issue) has a strong correlation with the dynamics and geography of the citations. The number of self-citations of authors, self-citations of the journal, as well as citations from the joint affiliation with the author and publisher was insignificant. No significant impact on the number of citations was also found in the date of publication and its distribution on the Internet (Altmetric). Journal indexing in abstract, full-text ...

The article deals with the issue on translating legal terms from Ukrainian into English on the basis of a case study of a newly-coined term in Ukrainian legislation – 'maloznachna sprava'. The relevance of the topic of legal translation from English into Ukrainian and vice versa has become especially acute in light of the Ukraine-EU approximation agreement. While the introduction of simplified civil proceedings is itself a step towards the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU, the next stage will inevitably be comparing and contrasting the existing terms within the Ukrainian and EU civil procedures. Ukrainian simplified procedure aims at considering insignificant cases (Ukr. – 'maloznachni spravy') in a speedy manner, while EU accelerated and simplified civil procedure uses the term 'small claims' for cases with a claim value for up to EUR 5,000. Obviously, these notions are not equivalent, but their meaning overlaps, creating pitfalls for translation. Thus, for proper translation, it is important to specify how the concept of small claims fits into Ukraine's national context. The notion of insignificant cases illustrates the relevance of the linguistic study of legal translations, as well as a need for the consolidation of practical achievements in the field of translation of legal discourse and, in particular, legal neologisms. The purpose of legal translation is to create a text that will be interpreted in the same way by legal professionals in the target legal system as it would be in the original legal system. The aim of translation is not to erase linguistic and cultural differences but to accommodate them, fully and unapologetically. The challenge is to convey the legal text as a fragment of a living legal system. When translating, a translator should strive for equivalence, bearing in mind the harmonisation and approximation of terminologies. The linguistic approximation of national Ukrainian legal terms to the EU terminology should be carefully considered to avoid their misinterpretation with the supranatural terms. The author emphasises the necessity to perform concept analysis between the terms in the EU and Ukraine simplified procedures and comes to the conclusion that despite having surface similarity to the EU term 'small claim', the Ukrainian term 'maloznachna sprava' is, in fact, a much wider concept. A range of translations of legal neologisms are described in the article, and the need to use a literal translation of the term is substantiated. As a result of the analysis of possible translation options and the ECtHR translation precedent, it is recommended that the term 'maloznachna sprava' should be translated as 'insignificant case' within the sphere of Ukrainian civil procedure. Keywords: legal translation, Ukrainian-English translation, small claim, insignificant case.

This scientific article considers the procedural features of the use of electronic evidence in cases of injunctive proceedings, related to the peculiarities of the injunctive proceedings as a type of civil proceedings in Ukraine. The procedure for submitting to the court electronic evidence in cases of injunctive proceedings on claims against legal entities or natural persons - entrepreneurs to recover debts under a contract (other than the provision of housing and communal services, telecommunications services, television and radio services), concluded in writing (including electronic) form, if the amount of the claim does not exceed one hundred living wage for ablebodied persons. The peculiarities of the procedural order of research and evaluation of electronic evidence in cases of injunctive proceedings are determined in view of the absence of such procedures as examination of evidence at their location, provision of evidence, demand of evidence by the court, in particular, demand of the original electronic evidence norms of procedural legislation, the court's obligation to indicate in the court order a reservation that during the consideration of claims in the order proceedings and the issuance of a court order the court does not consider the validity of the claims filed by the claimant on the merits. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Commerce» established the existence of a link between the procedure for concluding an electronic contract and the possibility of consideration by order of recovery of claims arising from this agreement. It is proved that in the order of injunctive proceedings can be considered claims for debt collection under an electronic contract concluded only as a single electronic document containing the terms of the contract and electronic signatures of the parties, or by exchanging electronic messages. In the case of concluding an electronic contract in another way provided by law, such claims may be considered only in claim litigation. ; У статті розглянуто процесуальні особливості використання електронних доказів у справах наказного провадження, пов'язані з особливостями самого наказного провадження як виду цивільного судочинства України. Установлено порядок подання до суду електронних доказів у справах наказного провадження за вимогами до юридичних осіб або фізичних осіб – підприємців про стягнення заборгованості за договором (іншим, ніж про надання житлово-комунальних послуг, телекомунікаційних послуг, послуг телебачення та радіомовлення), укладеним у письмовій (у тому числі електронній) формі, якщо сума вимоги не перевищує ста розмірів прожиткового мінімуму для працездатних осіб. Визначено особливості процесуального порядку дослідження та оцінки електронних доказів у справах наказного провадження з огляду на відсутність у наказному провадженні таких процедур, як огляд доказів за їх місцезнаходженням, забезпечення доказів, витребування доказів судом, зокрема витребування оригіналу електронного доказу для огляду суду, а також закріплення в нормах процесуального законодавства обов'язку суду вказувати у судовому наказі застереження про те, що під час розгляду вимог у порядку наказного провадження та видачі судового наказу суд не розглядає обґрунтованість заявлених стягувачем вимог по суті. На основі аналізу положень цивільного процесуального законодавства України та Закону України «Про електронну комерцію» встановлено існування зв'язку між порядком укладення електронного договору та можливістю розгляду в порядку наказного провадження вимог про стягнення грошової заборгованості, що випливає із цього договору. Доведено, що в порядку наказного провадження можуть бути розглянуто вимоги про стягнення заборгованості за електронним договором, укладеним лише як єдиний електронний документ, що містить умови договору та електронні підписи сторін, або шляхом обміну електронними повідомленнями. У разі укладення електронного договору іншим способом, передбаченим законом, такі вимоги можуть розглядатися лише у позовному провадженні.

Without a doubt agriculture sector is vital part of modern Ukrainian economy. Agriculture is ranked 3rd largest contributor to the national GDP with approx. 17% in 2018 (compared to 14.4% in 2016) of total GDP, followed with industrial sector (26.3%) and services sector (59.3%). It should be noted that it is very promising field in terms of potential economic growth and both regional and international investment opportunities. Food products being a necessity in everyday life of every person. Food and processing industries are the large industries that are interconnected to agricultural cultivation. These industries have great potential to increase the value of agricultural products due to the added value, as not raw materials are sold but finished products that can be consumed in the domestic market and exported. Meanwhile the global process of urbanization and changes in national politics, have had their impact on Ukrainian economy. The number of urban populations is continuing to increase, while great number of work force is migrating to neighboring countries. Several studies state that number of Ukrainian workers living aboard is around 2.5 million people. In this context we plan to investigate and build general forecast model on how urbanization is impacting agricultural land use and certain factors of its impact on economic development of region. On the other hand, we have examples of modern issues, such as climate change caused by rapid urbanization and the irrational use of natural resources. The study showed that urban development requires substantial land rescue for its expansion. By examining closely spatial data of urban and suburban areas, for example that of Kyiv city, agricultural land in suburban areas is used for new construction sites and infrastructural development. Another indirect effect of urban development is ecological changes to the surrounding areas. The affected areas become much less suitable for agricultural uses, require large financial investment and high technologies to renew the soil fertility.Research work that have been conducted in this area focused mostly on financial resources, international politics, and large agricultural holdings of agricultural land use. A lot of work has been done to highlight importance of advocating open land market in Ukraine. While other researchers in their research analyzed specific crop or certain agricultural industry markets. In general, the focus of previous publications was either on the current agricultural export or land use data in Ukraine. The goal of this research paper is to find, establish connections between urbanization and agricultural land use, while focusing attention on possibilities for economic growth and development of effective land use policies. This paper will consider open land market as future possibility; however, it is relations and impact with urbanization falls outside of current research work scope.With this research we plan to describe the connection between rapid urbanization process and changes in agricultural land use from economical perspective. The author focuses his research work and economical modeling on case Ukraine. We plan to showcase changes of agricultural enterprise income, in case of population migration to large urban centers. Additionally, we will study the cases of effective land resource management, where we will study whether it is more profitable for companies to establish the new enterprise closer or inside urban areas as opposed to farmland regions. In this research we plan to highlight the major economical differences of company's startup and operations costs based on available transportation network, land resources and local agricultural specialization. The research work should introduce possible outcomes for small, medium companies, also separating those that are part of international corporate structure and local business. The research will cover whether local company can benefit from urbanization and what are its effects on individual famers earnings. One of the expected research outcomes is to describe how to increase added value of agricultural products with focus on city markets.For this study we used data mining and analytics approaches. During research work we placed great emphasis on determining, locating, and analyzing statistical data from multiple sources. Important art of the research work is identifying right data in context of our research, the one that has clear connection to urbanization process. Spatial data visualization was used to determine key urban centers in Ukraine, as well as locations of agricultural, food and processing companies. Other types of material used are official notional statistics data, European Union public reports, U.S. Department of Commerce datasheets, Kyiv city council, Municipal Enterprise "Kyivgenplan", private companies report, economists' publications, and Public cadastral map of Ukraine. Mathematical framework was used to build robust forecast model. The methodology of the study employed various mathematical tools, such as statistical analytics, polynomial and linear approximations, mathematical correlation, ratio analysis. Besides profit and utility curves were used for growth modeling and global forecast. Spatial data have been outlined as highly effective for predictions modeling and establishing connections with the existing urbanization growth models. Urbanization processes serve as catalyst for land use change and shift in economic activities . As more population migrate to urban centers, remote villages and towns shrink in size, lose work force and often local enterprise become bankrupt or shut down. There is a consequent indirect effect of urbanization on agriculture land use that is when local community become poor or bankrupt, the farmlands are rented by large agricultural holdings. Many researchers noted that agricultural holdings have no interest in development of local communities or investment in local business. Even though they employ local people, the average income of holdings farm employees is much lesser, then those farmers whose lands are in private use or those working in agricultural sector in neighboring European Union countries. The average salary is important factor when looking at land use by large companies since agricultural holdings business goals centered about exporting raw resources and they are registered as business entities in offshore countries.The scope of current research works is limited to the analyses of medium to large size food and processing companies, that operate in local Ukrainian market, with brief overview of food products export business. To build economical model the existing transport infrastructure in Ukraine and its neighboring European countries was studied and used in system analyses. Author analyzed available human resources, amount of investments, industry type and available transportation connections. As a part of research work, physical geographical placement (distance by road) of food and processing production companies relative to closest and regional urban center positions have been outlined. A large array of economical and spatial data has been processed. It was determined that parts of this data have low correlation levels, which makes it difficult to include for modeling purposes. Author made decision to make the necessary edits, generalization to simplify the initial economical model.To build a research model we will make the following assumptions and data sets. Let us use the city of Kyiv as the main market for food products, i.e. it is the largest city in Ukraine, with a huge number of food products consumers and significant financial resources. We shall label it as an urban center for this research work. It is important to note that new companies and international corporations choose to establish their business in the Kyiv or in the 50-kilometer zone from it. For modeling we will choose 12 enterprises, which are located both in the capital and in different regions of Ukraine - west, south, east and center. We rank the selected enterprises by the number of employees.In the context of our economic modeling, consider the land market, namely: the average cost of rent of 1 hectare per year, the location of the enterprise in an industrial region or in a separate settlement. Note that the production capacity of the investigated enterprises is concentrated in one production site (complex). However, the exception is the corporation "Milk Alliance" which has 5 separate production facilities, we will focus on the largest of them, located in the city of Yagotyn (others are located in Peratyn, Zolotonosha, Bashtanka).It is reported that the total area of land plots in Ukraine is 60.4 million hectares, of which 42.4 million hectares are agricultural land (32 million hectares are cultivated per year), the area of built-up land plots is 2550.4 thousand hectares. Land for industrial purposes, which includes the food industry is 224.1 thousand hectares. The cost of annual lease of land in Ukraine for 2019 population 3518 UAH/hectare per year.At the same time, the statistics by region are as follows: Kyiv - 2694 UAH per year; Kyiv region - 3474 UAH per year; Zhytomyr and region – 4000 UAH per year; Mykolaiv Oblast – 4103 UAH per year; Kharkiv and oblast – 3152 UAH per year; Odessa region – 4065 UAH per year; Lviv region - 4172 UAH per year; Donetsk oblast - 1832 UAH per year. It is planned that in 2020 the total revenues to local budgets from land rent will amount to 185,714,285 UAH per year.To understand the general picture of the relationship and economic performance of enterprises located in Kyiv and different regions of Ukraine, we shall consider Kyiv as a self-sufficient object, both in terms of products sales and production. The largest food retailers have opened more than 575 stores in Kyiv as of 2018, and more than 60 new stores are opened each year. The production of food, beverages and tobacco by Kyiv enterprises is 46.6% of the total industrial production, which employs 1,730,000 people (7.4% of total in Kyiv), and the average wage in industry is from 16,511 UAH/month in 2019. In total, there are 9069 industrial enterprises in the capital, which employ 278,863 people, the volume of products sold by industrial enterprises of Kyiv in 2019 amounted to 892,1765,46.2 thousand UAH. At the same time, there are 7351 natural persons-entrepreneurs operating in the capital (11,877 people are employed, the volume of sold products is 5,622,011.9 thousand UAH) in industry, including the volume of products sold by food industry enterprises – 125,140,998.9 thousand UAH according to 2019 data.It should be noted that in Kyiv the main industrial capacities of food and processing enterprises are concentrated in the following areas: Industrial zone " Degtyarivska Street" covers an area of 17.7 hectares; Podilsko-Kurenivskyi industrial district - 539.5 hectares, Pirogovo industrial zone - 121.9 hectares; Voskresensky industrial district - 107.2 hectares.For economic analysis we focused on comparison of three large enterprises of Ukraine, typical for the agricultural sector and food industry, one of which is in Kyiv – "Astrata", "Sandora" and "Kyivhlib". For calculations of transportation costs let's use the following data, 20 to 22 tons van will charge 27 UAH per km outside of Kyiv, while 10 tons van charges 20 UAH per km outside of Kyiv and 250 UAH per km within Kyiv.The "Astrata" corpopration, a large agricultural enterprise, has 5,470 employees, 230,000 hectares of land (aprox. 1514090000 UAH per yar for land rent), with Net profit of 12,631,155,000, Gross profit of 2,432,488,000 UAH, and a total salary expenditure of UAH 427,597,000 (average per employee 6514 UAH per month). For our research we are using one of the sugar processing factories that is part of Astrata holding, it is in Hlobyne, Poltavska oblast. The distance from Hlobyne to Kyiv center is 287 km, so it will cost 7749 UAH per large van to transport products to Kyiv.One of the largest food manufacturers in Ukraine is "Sandora". It consists of 3230 employees, total salary expenses - 630 128 thousand UAH (average per employee 16,257 UAH per month), have a land area of 1.3646 hectares (aprox. 5600 UAH per yar for land rent) and a unit cost of production - 22.66 UAH per liter of apple. Single 10-ton van will charge 10020 UAH to transport products to Kyiv (501km distance to the city center).For Kyiv study we picked "Kyivhlib", which has 1911 employees, total salary expenses – 168,227 thousand UAH (average per employee 14,019 UAH per month), have a land area of 8 hectares (aprox. 21552 UAH per yar for land rent) and the unit cost of production - 14.9 UAH per kg of rye-wheat bread. It will cost 7500 UAH to transport products within 30 km of Kyiv center by 10-ton van. Distance from the production location to the market is not always proportional to net profit. The research results have proved that it is worth examining the data from the same sub-industries companies in several regions, with focus on large cities as main market for those companies' products. ; The paper is devoted to studying the economic and social connections between the urbanization process and agricultural land use in Ukraine. It is worth noting that both urbanization and agriculture require new lands for their future development. The important part of this connection is ecology and effective use of the available resources, as well as land use in the context of urbanization. After all, the process of urbanization can have a significant negative impact on the state of land resources. The research work determines which economic factors of urbanization are the most relevant to the land use in city suburbs and agricultural regions. The article introduces the notion of economic feasibility of land use by purpose and studies cases of food and processing companies. Food and processing industries were chosen as the main research subjects since they are the most promising fields for the future economic development of each individual region and country as a whole. These industries are centered around both import and export, besides producing added value products. Cities without a doubt are the main consumers of food products and at the same time, they drain labor resources from the countryside. In this research work, we studied the global situation in Ukraine, how 21-century urbanization has affected the agricultural sector in the country. This sector has experienced rapid growth in past decades, as opposed to industrial and manufacturing sectors, and increased the national wide level of land use. While the national wide level of urbanization might not be the highest in modern history (20th to 21st century), it continues to have a wide impact on the national economy. The scope of this impact falls outside of this research work as it consists of multidimensional data and a wide range of interdependencies, including policies and regulations. Research models require a large amount of data and cases, that's why we focused on the food and processing sector in this paper. They proved to be a good test ground to study the urbanization impact patterns as well as make economical modeling more convenient. In this context, the peculiarities of land use models were studied, as food and processing industries use land resources, can be located both inside the city, suburban area, or in remote farmland region. It is evident that cities and businesses form large supply and demand of natural resources, labor, and financial investments.

The subject of the article is the process of making an economic decision. The stages of the history of economic-psychological researches – economic psychology, behavioral economy, psychology of economic behavior are distinguished. The contribution to the study of the psychological factors of the economic behavior of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics is shown. The theory of rational expectations of John von Neumann and O. Morgerstern Is characterized, particular attention is paid to the prospect theory of D. Kaneman and A. Tversky. The latter is presented in the form of heuristic decision making – representativeness, availability, adjustment, and anchoring, in addition, with the distinction of rational and irrational moments of this process. It is stated that the corresponding model of decision making does not take into account and that behind the economic- psychological lies in the actual psychological logic that a person makes decisions based on his own strategy, coping. The concept of decision making is substantially incomplete. Opportunity of the possibility of specification of the prospect theory of by the Case Study method – the analysis of a particular case of economic behavior opens. The Melbourne decision making questionnaire applies, the factors of this process – vigilance, back-passing, procrastination, and hypervigilance are manifest. The investigator is given the instruction to make an expanded comment on every statement, to explain own argumentation, as well as the obtained result. The rational and irrational components of its solution and features of coping are analyzed. It is determined that vigilance is the dominant factor, it turns out to be the most productive way of decision making. A model of coping of decision making, which specifies the theory of the prospects of D. Kaneman and A. Tversky and expands the limits of its application in the field of psychology of human economic behavior, is constructed. ; У статті виділяються етапи історії економіко-психологічних досліджень процесу прийняття рішення, показується внесок лауреатів Нобелівської премії з економіки у вивчення психологічних чинників цього процесу. Характеризується теорія раціональних очікувань Дж. фон Неймана та О. Моргенштерна, особлива увага приділяється теорії перспектив Д. Канемана та А. Тверські. Констатується, що теорія описує евристики, яких недостатньо для цілісного опису стратегії прийняття рішення (копінгу) конкретною людиною. Відкривається можливість доповнення цієї теорії за допомогою методу case study – аналізу окремого випадку економічної поведінки. Застосовується Мельбурнський опитувальник прийняття рішення. Аналізуються складові рішення та особливості копінгу. Домінуючим виявляється фактор пильності, при прийнятті рішення він є найпродуктивнішим. Побудована модель копінгу прийняття рішення досліджуваним, яка доповнює теорію перспектив Д. Кане-мана і А. Тверські й розширює межі її застосування в царині психології економічної поведінки.

The paper comprehensively examines the problem of political leadership on the example of Yulia Tymoshenko. In the course of the work such general scientific methods as analysis, comparison, deduction, and generalization were used, by means of which general conclusions were made. In addition, a behavioral methodological approach was used. Within this methodological direction, we identified the most adequate typologies of political leadership by G. Laswell and Margaret J. Hermann. The concepts of gender flow, androgyny and tokenism were also used. Discourse analysis was used too. ; У роботі комплексно досліджується проблема політичного лідерства на прикладі Юлії Тимошенко. В ході роботи було використано такі загальнонаукові методи, як аналіз, порівняння, дедукція та узагальнення, за допомогою яких були зроблені загальні висновки. Окрім них, був застосований бігейвіоральний методологічний підхід, В рамках даного методологічного напрямку ми визначили найбільш адекватними типології політичного лідерства за Г. Ласвелом та Маргарет Дж. Херманн Також використовувалися концепції гендерного потоку, андрогінії та токенізму. Разом з тим, було застосовано дискурс – аналіз.

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of regional identity in such regions of Spain as Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia. The peculiarities of collective identities, which is a regional identity as such, is a social fact with unique characteristics: unpredictability, tendency to transform over time, rooted in the so-called markers or "areas of identity" (language, religion, etc.), are exclusive and they can be turned into a platform for political claims and protests. In other words, collective identities are constructed artifacts. Thus, attention should be paid to their triple dimension. First, their construction and evolution, the task facing historians in the first place, and secondly, their main components, domains and markers on which representation is based, the task that is the field of research for anthropology and sociology, and finally, their dissemination, significance and use as a platform for political demands and protests, aspects addressed by political science.It is stated that the progressive construction of Spain, consisting of different Autonomous Communities (Comunidades Autónomas), in parallel recognized and promoted regional identity to such an extent that different studies highlighted (albeit with territorial variations and different intensities) the consolidation of regional and dual identity and regional identity) to the detriment of the Spanish identity alone.Common and distinctive features in the formation of regional identity of the studied regions are identified. Emphasis is placed on the tendencies of attraction to separatist manifestations, as a threat to the integrity of Spain. Potential mechanisms for their prevention are analyzed, among which first of all economic stability of the region. ; В статті досліджено особливості формування регіональної ідентичності в таких регіонах Іспанії як Каталонія, Країна Басків та Галісія. Визначено особливості саме колективних ідентичностей, якою є і регіональна ідентичність, як така що являється соціальним фактом із унікальними характеристиками: непередбачуваності, схильністю до трансформації з часом, вкоріненні у так званих маркерах або «областях ідентичності» (мова, релігії тощо), є ексклюзивними і їх можна перетворити на платформу для політичних претензій та протестів. Іншими словами, колективні ідентичності – це сконструйовані артефакти. Таким чином, слід звернути увагу на їх потрійний вимір. По-перше, їх побудова та еволюція, завдання, яке стоїть в першу чергу перед істориками, по-друге, їх основні компоненти, домени та маркери, на яких базується репрезентація, завдання, яке поле досліджень для до антропології та соціології, і нарешті, їх поширення, значення та використання як платформи для політичних вимог та протестів, аспекти, що вирішуються політологією.Вказано, що прогресивна організація суспільного регіонального житя Іспанії, що складається з різних автономних спільнот (Comunidades Autónomas), паралельно визнавала і пропагувала регіональну ідентичність до такої міри, що різні дослідження висвітлювали (хоча і з територіальними варіаціями та різною інтенсивністю) консолідацію регіональної та подвійної ідентичності (поєднання іспанської та регіональної ідентичності) на шкоду виключно іспанській ідентичності.Визначено спільні та відмінні риси у формуванні регіональної ідентичності досліджуваних регіонів. Закцентовано увагу на тенденціях тяжіння до сепаратиських проявів, як загрози цілісності Іспанії. Проаналізовано потенційні механізми їм запобігання, серед яких в першу чергу економічна стабільність регіону.

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of regional identity in such regions of Spain as Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia. The peculiarities of collective identities, which is a regional identity as such, is a social fact with unique characteristics: unpredictability, tendency to transform over time, rooted in the so-called markers or "areas of identity" (language, religion, etc.), are exclusive and they can be turned into a platform for political claims and protests. In other words, collective identities are constructed artifacts. Thus, attention should be paid to their triple dimension. First, their construction and evolution, the task facing historians in the first place, and secondly, their main components, domains and markers on which representation is based, the task that is the field of research for anthropology and sociology, and finally, their dissemination, significance and use as a platform for political demands and protests, aspects addressed by political science.It is stated that the progressive construction of Spain, consisting of different Autonomous Communities (Comunidades Autónomas), in parallel recognized and promoted regional identity to such an extent that different studies highlighted (albeit with territorial variations and different intensities) the consolidation of regional and dual identity and regional identity) to the detriment of the Spanish identity alone.Common and distinctive features in the formation of regional identity of the studied regions are identified. Emphasis is placed on the tendencies of attraction to separatist manifestations, as a threat to the integrity of Spain. Potential mechanisms for their prevention are analyzed, among which first of all economic stability of the region. ; В статті досліджено особливості формування регіональної ідентичності в таких регіонах Іспанії як Каталонія, Країна Басків та Галісія. Визначено особливості саме колективних ідентичностей, якою є і регіональна ідентичність, як така що являється соціальним фактом із унікальними характеристиками: непередбачуваності, схильністю до трансформації з часом, вкоріненні у так званих маркерах або «областях ідентичності» (мова, релігії тощо), є ексклюзивними і їх можна перетворити на платформу для політичних претензій та протестів. Іншими словами, колективні ідентичності – це сконструйовані артефакти. Таким чином, слід звернути увагу на їх потрійний вимір. По-перше, їх побудова та еволюція, завдання, яке стоїть в першу чергу перед істориками, по-друге, їх основні компоненти, домени та маркери, на яких базується репрезентація, завдання, яке поле досліджень для до антропології та соціології, і нарешті, їх поширення, значення та використання як платформи для політичних вимог та протестів, аспекти, що вирішуються політологією.Вказано, що прогресивна організація суспільного регіонального житя Іспанії, що складається з різних автономних спільнот (Comunidades Autónomas), паралельно визнавала і пропагувала регіональну ідентичність до такої міри, що різні дослідження висвітлювали (хоча і з територіальними варіаціями та різною інтенсивністю) консолідацію регіональної та подвійної ідентичності (поєднання іспанської та регіональної ідентичності) на шкоду виключно іспанській ідентичності.Визначено спільні та відмінні риси у формуванні регіональної ідентичності досліджуваних регіонів. Закцентовано увагу на тенденціях тяжіння до сепаратиських проявів, як загрози цілісності Іспанії. Проаналізовано потенційні механізми їм запобігання, серед яких в першу чергу економічна стабільність регіону.

Civil law provides both general rules that provide the grounds and procedure for liability for damage to a person, and special grounds for bringing or release from such liability in the event that the person causing such damage carried them out in self-defense or extreme necessity. Therefore, it is important to clarify the specifics of civil liability of a person in the exercise of his right to self-defense and in a state of extreme necessity. The grounds and procedure for bringing a person to such responsibility are determined, the peculiarities of the subject composition are determined. A thorough study of the Civil Code of Ukraine to determine their compliance with the general principles of civil law and the need for appropriate changes and clarifications for proper legal regulation of grounds for liability and release from liability for damage caused by a person exercising his right to self-defense and in a state of extreme necessity . The development of civil legislation of Ukraine in terms of compensation for damage caused by a person in the exercise of his right to self-defense, in conditions of extreme necessity and necessary defense in order to identify gaps and contradictions and formulate proposals for recoding the Civil Code of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to define the concept of self-defense and extreme necessity, as well as to determine the grounds and conditions of civil liability for damage caused by a person exercising his right to self-defense or in extreme necessity, as well as sanctions applied to a person. The object of the study is the legal relationship arising from the prosecution of a person who caused harm in a state of extreme necessity or in the exercise of his right to self-defense and the application of civil sanctions. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: formal-legal to study the legal regulation of legal relations; analytical for the correct interpretation of the scope of legal content; system-structural to determine the legal nature of the studied legal relations; historical and legal for the analysis of the development of civil legislation; dialectical to identify contradictions in legal relations and legal regulation. It is noted that in determining the content of self-defense committed by a person, it is necessary to take into account the legal nature of legal relations, as the performance of self-defense actions of a legal nature are mainly contractual obligations, and self-defense actual actions – noncontractual obligations, including tort obligations. The prevailing position in civil science is that self-defense is a way of protecting civil rights and a non-jurisdictional form of realization of this protection. It is noted that self-defense can be carried out in the form of both factual and legal actions, which can be both legal and illegal. Manifestations of self-defense are measures of operational influence, which in science are called operational sanctions. They are designed to prevent specific offenses, usually in contractual obligations and can be applied by a unilaterally authorized person out of court. Varieties of such sanctions are unilateral withdrawal from the contract; unilateral termination of the obligation; actions of the commission agent, aimed at unilateral retention of the thing to be transferred to the principal, in order to ensure their claims under the contract; actions of the commission agent aimed at unilateral deduction of the amounts due to him under the contract, received by him for the principal. Illegal active and passive actions of self-defense can lead to harm to the life, health of the offender, his property, which can lead to prosecution of the person for the damage. The analysis of the norm of Art. 1169 of the CCU, which regulates liability for damage caused by a person in the exercise of his right to self-defense. It is noted that the norm of Part 2 of Art. 1169 of the Civil Code is formulated unsuccessfully, because it does not contain information about "another person" who was harmed by a person who carried out self-defense against unlawful encroachments, and therefore it is not clear who may be obliged to compensate him. In this regard, it is proposed to make appropriate changes to the norm under study in terms of clarifying the person who may be obliged to compensate, introducing the term "causer" of the damage along with the term in the article "person who committed an illegal act". As a general rule, damage caused by a person in cases of exercising his right to self-defense is reimbursed only if the limits of necessary defense are exceeded. In this case, the right to apply a sanction for damages has a person whose actions have become the basis for the application of self-defense. Damage caused to third parties in ways not prohibited by law and which do not contradict the moral principles of society, is compensated by the person who committed the illegal act, and in other cases – by the person who carried out self-defense. That is, in the first case, the third party has the right to apply sanctions for recovery. Keywords: sanctions, liability, protection, compensation for damage, tort, operational measures.

The article examines the content and nature of such established standard of fair justice as impartiality of the court. The latter is widely interpreted in case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Based on a systematic analysis of the array of ECHR judgments, a number of significant positions, characterizing the standard of impartiality of the court, have been identified. These include: 1) impartiality of the court is in dichotomous interrelation with the category of "partiality"; 2) the impartiality of the court is assessed by two criteria: (a) subjective, which is in a plane of the judge's personality and beliefs; (b) objective, which is in a plane of existing safeguards and mechanisms to be used by the court to avoid reasonable doubt about partiality and accusations of being partial; 3) determining influence of the external manifestation of impartiality of the court; 4) expedient reasonability of doubts about impartiality; 5) diversity and unlimited range of situations that may cast doubt on the impartiality of the court. Given that the ECHR assesses impartiality of a national court on the basis of subjective and objective criteria, it has been given special attention and the specifics of its application have been determined. In the process of analysis, it has been concluded that emergence of such criteria is due to the complex ethical and legal nature of the studied standard. It is substantiated that the standard of impartiality of the court has its roots in the moral basis of the judicial profession, which has evolved and transformed into a system of rules of professional conduct and legislation targeted at achieving the objectives of justice and realization of the right to a fair trial. The ethical nature of the impartiality of the court determines assessment of compliance with this standard on a subjective basis. At the same time, its legal nature, which covers the institutional and procedural components, promotes development of the relevant guarantees in the national law, existence of which is a criterion for assessing impartiality of the court by an objective criterion. In the context of the latter thesis, the special importance of the institution of recusal of a judge as a procedural guarantee of the impartiality of the court is emphasized. It is argued that in national civil, commercial and administrative proceedings, as well as the rules and procedures for disqualifying a judge need to be improved in the direction of implementing the postulate "no one can be a judge in his own case." Keywords: impartiality of the court, independence of the court, fair justice, right to a fair trial, criteria for assessing the impartiality of the court, standards of justice

This study provides information about the documents used in his work by the receptionist. The responsibilities of the administrator-receptionist in working with documents, their types of analysis, direct creation and completion are highlighted. The work contains an overview of normative documents that form the nomenclature of cases of the administrative department. The nomenclature of cases of the structural subdivision of the administrative department was developed taking into account the latest changes in the legislation of Ukraine (DSTU 4163: 2020 "Unified system of organizational and administrative documentation. Requirements for documents", Order 0001000/5 "On approval of the Rules of organization of records bodies, local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations ", Resolution № 55 "Some issues of documenting management activities". ; У даному дослідженні подана інформація про документи, які використовує в своїй роботі адміністратор-ресепшеоніст. Висвітлюються обов'язки адміністратора – ресепшіоніста в роботі з документами, проаналізовано їх види, безпосередньо створення та заповнення. Робота містить огляд нормативних документів, які формують номенклатуру справ адміністративного відділу. Розроблено номенклатуру справ структурного підрозділу адміністративного відділу з урахуванням останніх змін у законодавстві України (ДСТУ 4163:2020 «Уніфікована система організаційно – розпорядчої документації. Вимоги до оформлення документів», Наказ №1000/5 «Про затвердження Правил організації діловодства та архівного зберігання документів у державних органах, органах місцевого самоврядування, на підприємствах, в установах і організаціях», Постанова № 55 «Деякі питання документування управлінської діяльності».

The criteria for political discourses differentiation in the states of transitional (Ukraine) and authoritative (Russia) regimes are proposed in the paper. Material for the research is Telegram-channels of the states' leading mass media (posts for Autumn 2021). In the political discourses different activity of political actors and different approach for the actors selection is defined. Formal analysis of political content has shown that political actors in Ukraine are much more active, they are constantly present in the news, generate content for new media etc. Instead, in Russia such a situation is not observed. Analysis of the list of the most popular political actors also showed that there is a significant difference in the presence of the presidents: Zelenskyy appeared in Ukrainian channels in 8.9–38.8 % of posts, Putin in Russian in 2.3–5.5 % of posts. The affiliation of political actors also dif- fered. In Ukraine domestic politicians dominated, while pro-Kremlin channels gave pref- erence to foreign ones, which may indicate constant attempts to divert subscribers' atten- tion to external threats. There is also a difference in the frames of "scandals" and "activities".