Suchergebnisse

Educational manual contains the basis of the lecture course by discipline "Local government and social work" for students of specialty "Social work", control questions and bibliography to each topic.

The article analyzes Russian-Central Asian relations with a focus on their economic component. The uniqueness of the ongoing (since 2003) study, which is the basis for the article, lies in an attempt to systematically evaluate the key elements of interaction between Russia and the countries of Central Asia in the areas of politics, security, the economy (including in the energy sector), as well as in the social sphere. Through the prism of this, the most important factors and stages of economic relations in the period 1991–2018 are indicated, trade and other statistics are provided. The article concludes that in recent years, economic relations between Russia and Central Asian countries are characterized by certain positive dynamics.

Проблемные вопросы развития существующих правовых форм самоорганизации муниципалитетов как органов самоуправления и их взаимодействия с органами государственной власти в лице органов управления, в том числе и действующих на низовом уровне, представляют собой давний объект научного исследования ученых. В статье рассматриваются направления взаимодействия органов местного управления и самоуправления Республики Беларусь, анализируется законодательство в этой сфере; различные виды форм взаимоотношений между органами власти в лице органов управления, действующих в том числе в сфере реализации права граждан на формирование органов власти посредством выборов, и органами местного самоуправления. На современном этапе развития Республики Беларусь все большую роль играет уровень демократии, характеризующийся степенью взаимодействия органов управления с органами местного самоуправления, и влияние органов местного самоуправления как института гражданского общества на процесс формирования публичной власти. Это обусловлено тем, что местное самоуправление является наиболее приближенным к населению уровнем публичной власти и тем самым осуществляет реализацию конституционного права на участие граждан в управлении государством. По результатам исследования предлагается перечень отдельных видов форм взаимодействия обозначенных субъектов властно-распорядительных отношений. Изложенные в работе теоретические выводы могут стать основой для совершенствования механизма взаимодействия органов государственной власти в лице органов местного управления с органами местного самоуправления. ; The study of problematic issues of development of existing legal forms of selforganization of municipalities as self-governing bodies, and their interaction with public authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating at the grassroots level, is a long-standing object of scientific research of scientists. The article considers the directions of interaction between local authorities and selfgovernment of the Republic of Belarus, analyzes the legislation in this area. The author analyzes different types of relations between the authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating in the sphere of realization of the right of citizens to form authorities through elections, and local governments. At the present stage of development of the Republic of Belarus, the level of democracy plays an increasingly important role, which is characterized, among other things, by the degree of interaction between government bodies and local self-government bodies, and the influence of local self-government bodies, as an institution of civil society, on the process of formation of public power. This is due to the fact that local self-government is the closest to the population level of public authority, and thereby implements the constitutional right to participate in the governance of state. According to the results of the research the list of separate types of forms of interaction of designated subjects of power and administrative relations is offered. The theoretical conclusions presented in the paper can become the basis for improving the mechanism of interaction of public authorities in the face of local government bodies with local authorities.

Факультет журналистики ; Частный бизнес в Республике Беларусь развивается, расширяет сферу своего влияния, что способствует увеличению значимости такой целевой аудитории, как государственные органы. Государство всегда выступало в качестве одной из приоритетных целевых аудиторий для бизнес-организаций, однако не всегда государство и бизнес рассматривают друг друга в качестве равноправных партнеров. Крупный бизнес сегодня уже имеет богатый опыт выстраивания стратегического взаимодействия с государственными органами, малый и средний бизнес только приходит к этому. В статье рассматриваются вопросы оптимизации взаимодействия малого и среднего бизнеса с представителями государственной власти.

УДК 34The article highlights the main stages in the development of local government and self-gov-ernment in Russia. It shows the specifics of each stage. The formation of the Russian state was accompanied by the synthesis of the princely power and the community self-government. The genesis autocracy was accompanied by a struggle with the self-government institutions. The creation of rural and urban self-government in the second half of the XIX century was accom-panied by a debate on the social and public origin of these institutions.The Soviet state was based on the unity of the Soviet system. It concluded the discrete de-velopment of local self-government in Russia. There is no historical strong tradition of local government in this system.Objective of the article is to identify and characterize the main stages of development of local government and self-government in Russia. Show the discrete nature of the develop-ment of local self-government in Russia.The formation of the Russian state was accompanied by the synthesis of princely power and community self-government. Genesis autocracy was accompanied by a struggle with self-government institutions. The absence of territorial self-government in Russia was offset by the presence of social class municipality for a long time. Caste traditions tradition had a negative impact after the establishment of rural and urban self-government in the second half of the XIX century.During the preparation of the reforms and their implementation were discussions of the rela-tionship between the state and the community began in management. As a result, there is the inclusion of local authorities in the sphere of active state regulation. The desire of the county public to the political activity was suppressed by autocracy. The Provisional Government at-tempt to rely on the local self-government to create new authorities ended in failure.The Soviet state was based on a single management system. Certain powers was delegated at the local level. The local authorities have been transferred some resources to implement it. So the system of local budgets was build. The most successful period of the local govern-ment activity accounts for 1920s. The city and district are considered as the territorial foundation of local government. Scientific field formed that studies the feature of local govern-ment in the Soviet conditions.In the 1930s, there is centralization of government. The development of the city is subject to problems of industrialization and development of the rural areas is subject to problems of collectivization. The state policy does not consider the interests of local communities.The liberalization of the political regime in the late 1950s has led to a revival of the idea of decentralization. But decentralization of government is considered solely as an economic rather than a social and political problem. This understanding persisted until the end of the Soviet period.The lack of stable historical tradition of local government negatively affects the municipal development of the Russian Federation. ; УДК 34В статье выделяются основные этапы развития местного управления и самоуправления в России. Показана специфика каждого этапа: формирование российского государства сопровождалось синтезом княжеской власти и общинного самоуправления; генезис самодержавия сопровождался борьбой с институтами самоуправления; создание земского и городского самоуправления во второй половине XIX в. сопровождалось дискуссиями о социальной и государственной природе этих учреждений; советское государство строилось на единстве системы cоветов.Сделан вывод о дискретном развитии местного самоуправления в России и отсутствии исторической устойчивой традиции деятельности органов местного самоуправления.

In this article, the author considers the problems associated with the modern formulation and implementation of the principle of unity of public authorities, state and municipal. Particular attention is paid to the latently existing public authority and the changes that need to be made to regional and federal legislation. The emphasis is on the implementation of social values and guidelines for the principles of organization of state and municipal authorities at different stages of state building. Based on the varying principles of Soviet and modern, it is shown that there is a lot of invariable characterizing the identity of Russian society. The search for unifying principles of interaction is submitted for discussion - the unity of public interests, based not on the principle of supremacy, but on the basis of weighing dierent interests, that is, ndinga balance between the conficting state and municipal. Such an approach will allow us to renew our perception through a synthesis of what is permissible, what is desired, and what should be.

The article discusses the role and place of the marshal of nobility in the system of county administration and self-government in the post-reform period. The object of the study is the institute of county marshals of nobility in the Belarusian provinces in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study deterncines the changes in the government policy of the Russian autocracy related to the noble elections in Belarus after the 1863–1864 uprising. The main functions of County leaders in the sphere of class self-government are revealed. The main directions of activity of local heads of nobility in management of administrative district institutions are shown. The characteristics of the functioning of the institute of county marshals of nobility on the territory of Belarus are given. As a result of analysis of the laws the conclusion is made that the marshal of the nobility took the place of a full head of county, and during the period under review, the trend of expanding the powers of the marshals of nobility, testified to their transformation from in-class bodies in administrative, public bodies.

Tbilisi is hoping to progress toward European integration while resisting genuine reform. In deliberating Georgia's possible EU membership, Brussels faces an uncomfortable choice between geopolitical calculus and adherence to its own democratization criteria.

The pertinence of t topic stems from the growing importance of research into the formation and development of social institutions of civic participation of youth in local government. Based on the empirical data obtained, the study aims to analyze forms of civic participation of young people in socio-political processes at the municipal level. It also attempts to determine the factors that promote and hinder the active participation of young people in socio-political processes and to identify the main trends and forecasts of civic engagement of Russian youth in municipalities. The article presents an analysis of theoretical, regulatory and legal sources that empirically reveal the main factors that determine the expansion of the participation of Russian youth in the activities of municipalities. The paper describes the results of an empirical study conducted in October-December 2020 on the inclusion of young people in the management of processes in different municipalities. The data collection method is a questionnaire survey of young people aged 14-30 (n = 2026 people) living in the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition to quantitative research methods, qualitative ones were also used: in January 2021, the author conducted an expert interview with ten experts in youth policy and civic participation of Russian youth. Finally, the author formulates conclusions and recommendations aimed at strengthening the social institutions of civic participation of young people, increasing their civic engagement in municipalities. The results of the study allowed the author to conclude that currently there is the active participation of young people in socio-political processes in municipalities. In the opinion of most experts, soon, dominant positions will be occupied by political forms (including illegitimate ones); new forms of civic activity, such as performances, flash mobs, street events, and online activities, will become popular. There are trends in the development of digitalization of youth civic engagement. As for recommendations for enhancing civic participation in local self-government, the authors propose to develop an appropriate social and civic infrastructure, a legitimate and working legal field, create community centers and platforms for organizing an effective and mutual dialogue between local governments, youth, public organizations for productive dialogue in solving issues of participation in socio-political processes. ; Актуальность темы обусловлена возрастающей значимостью исследования вопросов формирования и становления социальных институтов гражданского участия молодежи в местном самоуправлении. Цель исследования — проанализировать на основе полученных эмпирических данных современные формы гражданского участия молодежи в социально-политических процессах на муниципальном уровне, определить факторы, способствующие и препятствующие активному участию молодежи в социально-политических процессах, выявить основные тренды и прогнозы гражданской активности российской молодежи в муниципальных образованиях. В статье представлен анализ теоретических, нормативно-правовых источников, раскрывающих основные факторы, определяющие расширение участия российской молодежи в деятельности муниципальных образований. Приведены результаты эмпирического исследования, проведенного в октябре — декабре 2020 года, раскрывающего практики включения молодежи в управление процессами, происходящими в разных муниципалитетах страны. Метод сбора данных — анкетный опрос молодежи в возрасте 14–30 лет (n = 2 026 человек), проживающих на территории РФ. В дополнение к количественным методам исследования использовались и качественные: в январе 2021 года было проведено экспертное интервью десяти специалистов в области молодежной политики и гражданского участия российской молодежи. В Заключении формулируются выводы-рекомендации, направленные на укрепление социальных институтов гражданского участия молодежи, повышение ее гражданской активности в муниципальных образованиях. В результате исследования был сделан вывод, что в настоящее время наблюдается активное участие молодежи в социально-политических процессах в муниципальных образованиях. По мнению большинства экспертов, в недалеком будущем доминирующие позиции будут занимать политические формы (в том числе нелегитимные); популярными станут новые формы гражданской активности, такие как перформансы, флешмобы, уличные мероприятия, онлайн-активность. Наблюдаются тенденции в области развития цифровизации молодежной гражданской активности. В качестве рекомендаций по активизации гражданского участия в местном самоуправлении предлагается развивать соответствующую социально-гражданскую инфраструктуру, легитимное и работающее правовое поле, создавать комьюнити-центры и площадки для организации эффективного и взаимного диалога между органами местного самоуправления, молодежью, общественными организациями для продуктивного диалога в решении вопросов участия в социально-политических процессах.