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The history of translation in 19th century Spain is characterized above all by the fact that it was a period of transition between the concept of translation effective prevalent in the 18th century – restricted to the country's cultural elites – and the contemporary concept, which developed mainly from the second half of the 19th century onwards and continued into the 20th century. In the 19th century, the bourgeoisie embraced culture to an ever-greater extent, increasing public awareness of translations and, consequently, of translators. Thus, the notion that translations 'improved' the originals in order to adapt them to neoclassical norms gradually lost ground over the course of the century. On the other hand, there are other specific areas of research into the history of translation in Spain in the 19th century, some of which merit greater attention from researchers. These include, inter alia, the relationship between translation and exile, especially in the first decades of the century; the disappearance in practice of editorial censorship in the second half of the century and, consequently, the end of self-censorship; the progressive dignification of the status of the translator, prompted by the intellectual protection of authors' and translators' rights on an international scale; the deliberate use of translation as a vehicle for the transmission of new political, artistic and scientific ideas and, lastly, the decisive increase in literacy rates in the Spanish population, which turned literature into a consumer product. Finally, in the 19th century the Spanish translation industry experienced a gradual decline in the almost monopolistic influence that French culture and French as a source language had exerted upon it ever since the 18th century, from the arrival of the Bourbon dynasty onwards.

19th Century Barnsley Murders is a telling account of crimes in the Barnsley area that have remained unpublished for more than a century. The book reveals the dark heart of the town and reflects not only the poverty and squalor in which many people of the time lived, but also the deep-rooted prejudices and double standards of the period. Crimes include poaching in the local area, a serious poisoning of bread and butter pudding at an eating house and the tragic story of a man who was poisoned for a joke. More sinister happenings include a case of body snatching, which brought the whole town of

Beginning as a Spanish colony to become an independent republic – the 19th century was a pivotal point for Venezuela. Socially, politically, and economically speaking, the changes were numerous, and so were the cultural and artistic manifestations that flourished in those circumstances. One of them will be tackled in this study: music. This paper is a review of one of the richest information sources: the publications of the times. Venezuelan 19th century hemerography contains hundreds of music news on composers and their environment, works, performers, musical institutions, events, concerts, critical reviews, and others of the sort. They are the witness of the events of an epoch. By analyzing them, a partial reconstruction of the Venezuelan music history can be made possible.

"Covering the Northern, Central and Southern Plains, as well as the Plateau, this comprehensive craft guide shows how to recreate both the cloth and hide dresses of the 19th century, as well as the accessories worn with them. Using original texts and other period source material, the author discusses the historical background and tribal styles in vogue from the time of Lewis and Clark to the beginning of the reservation period. Lavishly illustrated with drawings by Alex Koslov and many fine, full color photos of some of the most exquisite original examples from world collections ..."--P. [4] of cover.

Analyses of religion and international politics routinely concern the persistence of religion as a critical element in world affairs. However, they tend to neglect the constitutive interconnections between religion and political life. Consequently, religion is treated as exceptional to mainstream politics. In response, recent works focus on the relational dimensions of religion and international politics. This article advances an "entangled history" approach that emphasizes the constitutive, relational, and historical dimensions of religion — as a practice, discursive formation, and analytical category. It argues that these public dimensions of religion share their conditions of possibility and intelligibility in a political order that crystallized over the long 19th century. The neglect of this period has enabled International Relations to treat religion with a sense of closure at odds with the realities of religious political behavior and how it is understood. Refocusing on religion's historical entanglements recovers the concept as a means of explaining international relations by "recognizing" how it is constituted as a category of social life. Beyond questions of the religious and political, this article speaks to renewed debates about the role of history in International Relations, proposing entanglement as a productive framing for international politics more generally.

The 19th Century Pamphlets Online project was sponsored by Research Libraries UK (RLUK), funded by JISC and led by t he University of Southampton. Other partners included JSTOR, Mimas, and the Universities of Bristol, Durham, Liverpool, LSE, Manchester, Newcastle and UCL. The overall aim of the project was to provide researchers, teachers and learners with online access to significant collections of 19th century pamphlets held within UK research libraries. In order to achieve this aim, the project drew on the pamphlet holdings of seven research libraries (Bristol, Durham, Liverpool, LSE, Manchester, Newcastle and UCL), choosing collections that focused on the political, social and economic issues of the day. The project scanned these collections within the University of Southampton Library's specialist BOPCRIS Digitisation Centre and then sent the datasets to JSTOR for archiving and delivery via their online publishing platform. Mimas enabled links to the digitised pamphlets to be added to the national Copac catalogue and to local library catalogues. A supporting website was developed to hold information about the collections and educational resources to support researchers, teachers and students. The 19th Century Pamphlets Online project sought to build on previous work and expertise. It followed on from a large retrospective cataloguing project, which included many of the same partners and was also sponsored by RLUK. Metadata created within this previous project was extended and linked to the digitised pages and text. The project drew on the considerable digitisation experience of BOPCRIS, the delivery platform of JSTOR, and existi ng resource discovery channels available via JSTOR and Mimas (such as Google Scholar and Copac). In addition to building on the past, the project was concerned to leave a good legacy for the future. A problem facing large consortia digitisation projects is how to preserve and sustain the resources they create. Which of the many partners will take on this responsibility? How will it be paid for? To address this problem, the UK partners chose to enter into a long (25 year) agreement with JSTOR over the care and delivery of the collection. JSTOR would preserve the data and make it available free of charge to UK users, and it would pay for this by making the content available on commercial terms to others.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Part 1: The 19th Century: An Overview of America -- 1. The Background of 19th-Century America -- Part 2: Family -- 2. The Family -- 3. Father as a Family Man -- 4. Father as a Success -- 5. Father as Worker -- 6. Faith of Thy Fathers -- 7. Man of Honor and Good Counsel -- 8. Father Protector -- 9. Father and the Civil War -- 10. Women as Mothers -- 11. Mother as Wife -- 12. Mother as Homemaker -- 13. Children as Family -- 14. Children as Learners -- 15. Children as Workers -- 16. Independent Living -- 17. Domestic Servants -- 18. Slaves -- 19. The Family and Manifest Destiny -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.