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Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.

Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.

Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.

Sharing economy, as a new economic direction, has recently received a great deal of attention from legislators and fierce debates among proponents of traditional economy due to legislation and requirements for sharing economy entities. After the California Assembly Bill 5 has entered into force, a disproportionate regulatory threat to the sharing economy has been created in the State of California, which may impact further development of the sharing economy and is very closely linked to the development of the innovation and economy as a whole. The regulatory challenges imposed on the sharing economy also challenge law, lawmakers and fundamental constitutional values. Understanding the impact of law on emerging businesses is crucial for lawmakers in order to create proportionate regulation whereas this can be best achieved through the theories of the School of Economic Law. This master thesis, in particular, describes in detail the sharing economy, its uniqueness and separation from the traditional economy. Understanding of sharing economy allows to identify businesses that are using this type of economy and compare them with traditional businesses providing alternative services and/or goods, whose regulatory differences in Lithuania, certain European Union countries and the United States are discussed in the work. The main focus in this work is placed on the assessment of the existing regulation in the light of economic arguments in law. Regulatory examples, such as California Assembly Bill 5, which can have a significant impact on the sharing economy, are provided. These examples are analysed in accordance with the theories of the School of Economic Law, which are based on the publications of Richard Posner. These theories complement and, in some cases, substantiate the economic arguments used in the work and allow to identify the main principles that the legislator and/or courts should follow when making decisions regarding sharing economy based businesses. This work also outlines the criteria by which regulation can be identified as redundant.

During last few decades world has irreversibly changed and moved towards globalization, therefore, exploitation of the old-fashioned organizational design methods in social service organizations became ineffective and self-destructive. It means that it is necessary to look for new ways to construct and develop the relations of social worker to clients and institutions that correspond to the conditions of current and future social environment. Networking is a process of establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with other people and institutions in different environments. Networks of social workers, clients, people related to them and institutions begin with an independent cooperation with multilateral obligations and develop long-term relationships based on trust. A social web usually consists of various institutions, including private or governmental organizations of social services, schools, church, clients, families, clubs etc. where they meet to share and exchange informational, financial, material resources and services. After being processed by the part of a coordinating center, accumulated specialized resources, knowledge and skills existing in the center of network are transferred to other members of the network. Social worker as a coordinator of this network has to create conditions for network members' self-realization and efficient communication. Ais requires the additional managerial skills in leadership, motivation, coordination, teamwork fields that social worker should acquire and develop at the same time improving the performance of his/her social services.[.]

During last few decades world has irreversibly changed and moved towards globalization, therefore, exploitation of the old-fashioned organizational design methods in social service organizations became ineffective and self-destructive. It means that it is necessary to look for new ways to construct and develop the relations of social worker to clients and institutions that correspond to the conditions of current and future social environment. Networking is a process of establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with other people and institutions in different environments. Networks of social workers, clients, people related to them and institutions begin with an independent cooperation with multilateral obligations and develop long-term relationships based on trust. A social web usually consists of various institutions, including private or governmental organizations of social services, schools, church, clients, families, clubs etc. where they meet to share and exchange informational, financial, material resources and services. After being processed by the part of a coordinating center, accumulated specialized resources, knowledge and skills existing in the center of network are transferred to other members of the network. Social worker as a coordinator of this network has to create conditions for network members' self-realization and efficient communication. Ais requires the additional managerial skills in leadership, motivation, coordination, teamwork fields that social worker should acquire and develop at the same time improving the performance of his/her social services.[.]

During last few decades world has irreversibly changed and moved towards globalization, therefore, exploitation of the old-fashioned organizational design methods in social service organizations became ineffective and self-destructive. It means that it is necessary to look for new ways to construct and develop the relations of social worker to clients and institutions that correspond to the conditions of current and future social environment. Networking is a process of establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with other people and institutions in different environments. Networks of social workers, clients, people related to them and institutions begin with an independent cooperation with multilateral obligations and develop long-term relationships based on trust. A social web usually consists of various institutions, including private or governmental organizations of social services, schools, church, clients, families, clubs etc. where they meet to share and exchange informational, financial, material resources and services. After being processed by the part of a coordinating center, accumulated specialized resources, knowledge and skills existing in the center of network are transferred to other members of the network. Social worker as a coordinator of this network has to create conditions for network members' self-realization and efficient communication. Ais requires the additional managerial skills in leadership, motivation, coordination, teamwork fields that social worker should acquire and develop at the same time improving the performance of his/her social services.[.]

#e article analyses the justice sector reforms in Moldova. Tracing of reform process in Moldova, combined with the insights of europeanization theories and theories of legal sector reforms, was applied for the identiƒcation of the mechanism, which explains, why the reform was not successful in Moldova. #e main conclusions of the article are: First, to be successful, reform, aimed at the establishment of the rule of law, should include such measures as the establishment of e"ective institutions of accountability. #ese institutions would ensure both positive and negative incentives for the transformation of behaviour by main political and legal actors according to the new rules. Second, the reformers take measures to establish the required institutions of accountability if this is instrumentally rational to them. #e rationality of such political decision depends on both internal and external factor. Political instability weakens administrative capabilities to ensure consecutive and coherent implementation of the reform. Further, interaction of political instability with the public dissatisfaction with reform results induces politicians to use reform as an instrument of electoral mobilization, by making promises of fast results and supporting these promises by new initiatives concerning the direction and measures of the reform. #e focus of international donors on quantitative results, pressure to achieve results as soon as possible and liberal attitude towards various o"ences by pro-democratic elite do not motivate reformers to aim at the consistent implementation of the reform, either

#e article analyses the justice sector reforms in Moldova. Tracing of reform process in Moldova, combined with the insights of europeanization theories and theories of legal sector reforms, was applied for the identiƒcation of the mechanism, which explains, why the reform was not successful in Moldova. #e main conclusions of the article are: First, to be successful, reform, aimed at the establishment of the rule of law, should include such measures as the establishment of e"ective institutions of accountability. #ese institutions would ensure both positive and negative incentives for the transformation of behaviour by main political and legal actors according to the new rules. Second, the reformers take measures to establish the required institutions of accountability if this is instrumentally rational to them. #e rationality of such political decision depends on both internal and external factor. Political instability weakens administrative capabilities to ensure consecutive and coherent implementation of the reform. Further, interaction of political instability with the public dissatisfaction with reform results induces politicians to use reform as an instrument of electoral mobilization, by making promises of fast results and supporting these promises by new initiatives concerning the direction and measures of the reform. #e focus of international donors on quantitative results, pressure to achieve results as soon as possible and liberal attitude towards various o"ences by pro-democratic elite do not motivate reformers to aim at the consistent implementation of the reform, either

The article presents the current information system (online infrastructure) of the resources of the Lithuanian language (http://lkiis.lki.lt/) and developing this system within the framework of a new project funded by the European Union structural funds. The project is expected to achieve the following goals: integrate another 3 monolingual Lithuanian language resources, which is undergoing an overhaul (http://lkiis.lki.lt/ → https://ekalba.lt/public#/home/main): digitalised the great Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (20 volumes), the digital Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language with a list of titles, and the digital Database of Lithuanian Neologisms; design a semantic WordNet of the Lithuanian language and some more new e-services for the users. Also, the development of the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (the data administrator and manager of the Information System of the Lithuanian Term Bank is the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, see http://terminai.vlkk.lt/) as well as the information about some other innovative digital resources, public services and language tools in Lithuanian language industry are presented, and various challenges are provided.

The article presents the current information system (online infrastructure) of the resources of the Lithuanian language (http://lkiis.lki.lt/) and developing this system within the framework of a new project funded by the European Union structural funds. The project is expected to achieve the following goals: integrate another 3 monolingual Lithuanian language resources, which is undergoing an overhaul (http://lkiis.lki.lt/ → https://ekalba.lt/public#/home/main): digitalised the great Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (20 volumes), the digital Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language with a list of titles, and the digital Database of Lithuanian Neologisms; design a semantic WordNet of the Lithuanian language and some more new e-services for the users. Also, the development of the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (the data administrator and manager of the Information System of the Lithuanian Term Bank is the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, see http://terminai.vlkk.lt/) as well as the information about some other innovative digital resources, public services and language tools in Lithuanian language industry are presented, and various challenges are provided.

Gambling is transcultural phenomenon existing for a thousands of years. Because of its influence on social and economical life gambling in all times balanced between acceptable and reprehensible activity. Nowadays gambling is legal activity and is regulated by the governments in majority of countries around the world. Internet and other forms of electronic communication became a common thing and has done a big influence on people's life in a few past decades. Gambling and internet synthesis led to new format. Modern gambling development with the help of electronic communication medias created internet gambling. It is fast developing gambling business field but yet has little research on it. Internet gambling development makes impact on our social life and creates new economical perspectives. That is why this development is actual to modern society. Objectives of this thesis: (1) To analyse the concept of gambling with reference to teorical literture. (2) To analyse activity and communication specific of internet gambling companies. (3) To define the clients or target groups of internet gambling companies and to describe those target groups characteristics. (4). To research 3 internet gambling companies (Betfair, Bet365 and Triobet) communication as a cases of success. (5) To define effective internet gambling communication strategies. Aim of this thesis – to descibe communication of internet gambling companies and characterise effective communication strategies. Thesis consists of three main parts: (1) Conception of gambling analysis on the basis of theorical knowledge. (2) Analysis of communication aspects of different internet gambling companies. On the basis of theorical knowledge. (3) Metodology of research and case studies of Betfair, Bet365, Triobet internet gambling companies.

Gambling is transcultural phenomenon existing for a thousands of years. Because of its influence on social and economical life gambling in all times balanced between acceptable and reprehensible activity. Nowadays gambling is legal activity and is regulated by the governments in majority of countries around the world. Internet and other forms of electronic communication became a common thing and has done a big influence on people's life in a few past decades. Gambling and internet synthesis led to new format. Modern gambling development with the help of electronic communication medias created internet gambling. It is fast developing gambling business field but yet has little research on it. Internet gambling development makes impact on our social life and creates new economical perspectives. That is why this development is actual to modern society. Objectives of this thesis: (1) To analyse the concept of gambling with reference to teorical literture. (2) To analyse activity and communication specific of internet gambling companies. (3) To define the clients or target groups of internet gambling companies and to describe those target groups characteristics. (4). To research 3 internet gambling companies (Betfair, Bet365 and Triobet) communication as a cases of success. (5) To define effective internet gambling communication strategies. Aim of this thesis – to descibe communication of internet gambling companies and characterise effective communication strategies. Thesis consists of three main parts: (1) Conception of gambling analysis on the basis of theorical knowledge. (2) Analysis of communication aspects of different internet gambling companies. On the basis of theorical knowledge. (3) Metodology of research and case studies of Betfair, Bet365, Triobet internet gambling companies.

Gambling is transcultural phenomenon existing for a thousands of years. Because of its influence on social and economical life gambling in all times balanced between acceptable and reprehensible activity. Nowadays gambling is legal activity and is regulated by the governments in majority of countries around the world. Internet and other forms of electronic communication became a common thing and has done a big influence on people's life in a few past decades. Gambling and internet synthesis led to new format. Modern gambling development with the help of electronic communication medias created internet gambling. It is fast developing gambling business field but yet has little research on it. Internet gambling development makes impact on our social life and creates new economical perspectives. That is why this development is actual to modern society. Objectives of this thesis: (1) To analyse the concept of gambling with reference to teorical literture. (2) To analyse activity and communication specific of internet gambling companies. (3) To define the clients or target groups of internet gambling companies and to describe those target groups characteristics. (4). To research 3 internet gambling companies (Betfair, Bet365 and Triobet) communication as a cases of success. (5) To define effective internet gambling communication strategies. Aim of this thesis – to descibe communication of internet gambling companies and characterise effective communication strategies. Thesis consists of three main parts: (1) Conception of gambling analysis on the basis of theorical knowledge. (2) Analysis of communication aspects of different internet gambling companies. On the basis of theorical knowledge. (3) Metodology of research and case studies of Betfair, Bet365, Triobet internet gambling companies.

The aim of the paper is to prove the incompatibility of Kantian philosophy with empirical political science. The nonexistence of such a science in Kant's structure of reason is not a coincidence that was determined by historical contingencies, it is a necessary position of his teaching. The domination of morality in Kant's conception of practical reason does not leave any room for empirical science of politics. Firstly, introduction of methods borrowed from the natural sciences would lead to the demoralization of politics. Secondly, empirical science of politics deforms our understanding of politics. Thirdly, when politics is divorced from morality it loses its ontological foundation. Empirical science of politics that only attempts to investigate facts is incapable of understanding the role of ideas and for this reason does not distinguish between empirical and conceptual factors. Such a science does not recognize the human person as a free subject of morality and sees him as a consequence of external factors. Finally, political science that is divorced from morals deforms understanding of practical reason.