Suchergebnisse

The article describes the mechanisms stimulating the rapid pace of developments in the reform of higher education in economics. The starting point for the analysis is the circumstances of the reforms of 1989: the pressure for reforms, the unpreparedness of the reformers and the reasons for it, breakdown of the hierarchy of authorities and maladjustment to the realities of market management. The author shows the reasons why these factors did not have the same influence on the transformation processes. Then he describes the factors that determined the success of the first phase of the changes and analyses the conflict of interests in the present situation. The analysis, based on mechanisms similar to cognitive dissonance, indicates the hardening of attitudes conducive to stagnation. This syndrome was called "changeophobia" and was contrasted to conscious, goal-oriented actions towards the vision of a readable system of institutional goals and credible mechanisms for translating them to personal career paths. ; W artykule wskazano mechanizmy, które przesądziły o dynamice wydarzeń w reformującym się sektorze wyższego szkolnictwa ekonomicznego. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań jest wskazanie okoliczności reform 1989 roku: nacisku na zmiany, braku przygotowania reformatorów, załamania się hierarchii autorytetów oraz niedostosowania do realiów zarządzania rynkowego. Wskazano powody, dla których wpływ tych czynników na procesy transformacyjne nie był równomierny. Następnie scharakteryzowano czynniki, które zdeterminowały sukces pierwszej fazy zmian oraz podjęto próbę analizy konfliktu interesów w obecnej sytuacji. Analiza - wykorzystująca mechanizmy analogiczne do dysonansu poznawczego - wskazuje na powstawanie postaw sprzyjających stagnacji. Syndrom ten określono jako zmianoholizm, a przeciwstawiono mu działania celowe i świadome, odnoszące się wizji czytelnego układu celów instytucjonalnych oraz wiarygodne mechanizmy przełożenia ich na ścieżki karier osobistych.

Since the middle of the eighties changes have been taking place in relations between the state and higher education institutions. Legislative activity has been developing geared to create a new model of management of a higher education institutions. The article explains how scholars of higher education interpret the changes by means of the concept of the evaluating state and managerism. An attempt is also made to answer the question, whether despite the specific features of the historical development and traditional organisational Solutions of the higher educational system of various countries there are common tendencies of changes in management systems. The analysis was limited to the sector of universities and countries that are usually omitted in studies of this kind were used as examples, i.e. Denmark, Norway, Austria as well as the United Kingdom, where these changes started the earliest and are the most radical. ; W wielu krajach od drugiej połowy lat osiemdziesiątych zachodzą zmiany w stosunkach między państwem i szkołami wyższymi oraz rozwija się działalność legislacyjna nastawiona na stworzenie nowego modelu zarządzania szkołą wyższą. W artykule wyjaśniono, jak zachodzące zmiany są interpretowane przez badaczy problematyki szkolnictwa wyższego za pomocą koncepcji państwa ewaluacyjnego i menedżeryzmu. Autorka próbuje znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie, czy - mimo specyficznych cech rozwoju historycznego i tradycyjnych rozwiązań organizacyjnych szkolnictwa różnych krajów - zarysowały się wspólne tendencje do zmian systemów zarządzania. Analiza została ograniczona do sektora uniwersytetów i zilustrowana przykładami krajów zazwyczaj pomijanych w badaniach, tzn. Danii, Norwegii, Austrii oraz Wielkiej Brytanii, w której zmiany zaczęły się najwcześniej i są najbardziej radykalne.

The dynamic growth in consumption causes an increasing quantity of industrial and communal waste. The waste is the reason for many problems in all countries of the world, and preventing its abundant generation, its rational exploitation and, as the last resort, safe disposal is one of the important challenges posed to contemporary cities. Managing the waste economy or the waste management policy is the area of the interests of the European Union, both in legal and economic aspects. The legal aspects encompass the protection of the natural environment whereas the economic ones address the economical usage of waste under the municipal economy. Poland, following the E.U. trends, is adapting its legislation to the E.U. legislation. Thus it puts more weight to the 'waste' policy implementing some solutions in the area of waste management drawing on the Swedish or German models, i.e. trying, to give an example, to transform a part of the waste thermally this way generating fuel for the production of central heating and electric energy. The article is aimed at the presentation of the current issues in the area of the waste management policy in Poland, above all, pertaining to the amendment to the regulations covered by the Law on the Maintenance of the Order and Cleanliness in Communities. The article also aims to address the issues pertaining to the so-called "in house" orders connected with the management of communal waste by municipal companies.

Evaluation has accompanied public interventions for almost 100 years. At least since the prevalence of the NPM model evaluation should be regarded as a management tool and its role and effectiveness ought to be analyzed in this context. Meanwhile, the relationship of evaluation and management processes does not seem to be widely discussed in the literature. This article is an attempt to fill this gap. It presents a selection of the literature on management (mainly strategic) and evaluation relating to the place of evaluation in the management cycle of public intervention. Then it proposes a model of evaluation as the process accompanying the management of public intervention, which may be the basis for future analyzes of the use of evaluation.

The article presents issues related to the occurrence of political risk in local government in Poland. It will attempt to identify the symptoms to demonstrate the possibility of a political budget cycle in local government units. On the basis of budgetary data an empirical analysis of local governments will be carried out, with a particular emphasis on debt levels, capital expenditures, and a result of the budget in the years of local elections and pre-election periods. The presented research results cover all categories of local government units, i.e., municipalities, cities with poviat rights, poviats, and voivodships. The time range of the analysis is 2003-2019. The empirical part is preceded by a literature review, both in terms of the election cycle and the risk related to local debt management. The adopted structure of the article allows obtaining an answer to the question of whether there is a political risk in the surveyed entities.