Suchergebnisse

The presented article addresses the problem of learning in democracy by children at the early educational stage. The main objective of the conducted research was to present and analyze the activities of teachers in terms of creating conditions for children to experience democratic practices in the learning process. The background of this research is a review of the contemporary considerations on the idea of democratization in relation to the education of a child at early school age in the contemporary reality. In the course of the research, the author of the study searches for the answers to questions concerning the main problem: Do and what actions undertaken by teachers during integrated classes are conducive to learning in democracy by children at early school age? As a result of the conducted qualitative research using observation of integrated classes (daily blocks of classes) hosted by primary class teachers, the author categorized teachers' actions hindering or preventing the child participation in the education process, building space for student autonomy in cognition and understanding of the world, and facilitating effective learning in the course of interaction with other participants of the educational process. In the final part, a summary was made and conclusions from the research were formulated, the inclusion of which in the practice of early school education may favor the democratization of the intellectual space of school. ; W prezentowanym artykule podjęto problem uczenia się w demokracji przez dzieci na etapie wczesnej edukacji. Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań były przedstawienie i analiza działań nauczycieli pod kątem tworzenia przez nich warunków do doświadczania praktyk demokratycznych przez dzieci w procesie uczenia się. Tło tych badań stanowi przegląd współczesnych rozważań nad ideą demokratyzacji w odniesieniu do edukacji dziecka w młodszym wieku szkolnym we współczesnej rzeczywistości. W toku badań poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytania skoncentrowane wokół problemu głównego: Czy i jakie działania podejmowane przez nauczycieli w czasie zajęć zintegrowanych sprzyjają uczeniu się w demokracji przez dzieci w wieku wczesno­szkolnym? W rezultacie przeprowadzonych badań jakościowych z zastosowaniem obserwacji 54 zajęć zintegrowanych (bloków dnia) prowadzonych przez nauczycielki klas początkowych, dokonano kategoryzacji działań nauczycieli utrudniających bądź uniemożliwiających dziecku partycypację w procesie kształcenia, budowanie przestrzeni dla uczniowskiej autonomii w poznawaniu i rozumieniu świata oraz efektywne uczenie się w toku interakcji z innymi uczestnikami procesu edukacyjnego. W końcowej części dokonano podsumowania oraz sformułowano wnioski z badań, których uwzględnienie w praktyce edukacji wczesnoszkolnej sprzyjać może demokratyzacji przestrzeni intelektualnej szkoły.

The authorities of the Republic of Poland, by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, have undertaken the responsibility to implement such changes in the national legal order and in social policies that aim at ensuring full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms by people with disabilities and preventing their discrimination in different aspects of life. One of the ways to fulfil this commitment is the 'reasonable accommodation'. According to Article 2 of the Convention the term means '(…) necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden' and its purpose is to reduce physical, technical or social barriers hindering or restricting the various roles and tasks of those affected by disorders in the structure or functions of the body. The author of this article explored manifestations of such activities in the field of education law and its practical applications. He determined that in the analysed area, many solutions are in line with the spirit of the 'reasonable accommodation'. ; The authorities of the Republic of Poland have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and have undertaken the responsibility to implement such changes in the internal law and in social policy which aim at ensuring full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms by people with disabilities and preventing their discrimination in different aspects of life. One of the ways of fulfilling this commitment is described as "reasonable accommodation". The author of this article has attempted to find manifestations of such activities in the field of school legislation and its practical examples. As a result, it turned out that in the analysed area many solutions are in line with the spirit of the "reasonable accommodation".

The authorities of the Republic of Poland, by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, have undertaken the responsibility to implement such changes in the national legal order and in social policies that aim at ensuring full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms by people with disabilities and preventing their discrimination in different aspects of life. One of the ways to fulfil this commitment is the 'reasonable accommodation'. According to Article 2 of the Convention the term means '(…) necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden' and its purpose is to reduce physical, technical or social barriers hindering or restricting the various roles and tasks of those affected by disorders in the structure or functions of the body. The author of this article explored manifestations of such activities in the field of education laws and their practical application. He determined that in the analysed area, many solutions are in line with the spirit of the 'reasonable accommodation'. ; The authorities of the Republic of Poland have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and have undertaken the responsibility to implement such changes in the internal law and in social policy which aim at ensuring full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms by people with disabilities and preventing their discrimination in different aspects of life. One of the ways of fulfilling this commitment is described as 'reasonable accommodation'. The author of this article has attempted to find manifestations of such activities in the field of school legislation and its practical examples. As a result, it turned out that in the analysed area many solutions are in line with the spirit of the 'reasonable accommodation'.

A child's language development vs. blended learning
Abstract
The author of the article analyzes the phenomenon of b-learning in speech therapy of children. The article presents answers to research hypotheses from the PhD dissertation of the author, "B-learning in the diagnosis and speech therapy of children". The author tries to find an answer to the question whether new technologies have a positive impact on the linguistic development of contemporary children? The digital world has not only risks but also benefits. Speech therapist, who are responsible for the linguistic development of children, should pay particular attention to these phenomena and study them in order to develop the best possible methods of stimulating the speech and communication of "digital natives".

The main aim of this paper was the analysis of the impact of the "Family 500+" social programme in three areas: fertility, poverty in families with children, and the labour market participation of parents (mainly mothers) with young children. Statistical data available to date has been used by the author. The results show that the new benefit decreased the risk of poverty in families with children, had an impact on the higher number of births - which could be a temporary effect or a result of other family policy reforms implemented in 2013-2016 - and it decreased female labour market activity.