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The impact of violence on children's health and development has had growing attention in global and national politics. Research on children's experiences of violence has increased in recent years and this paper aims to add to this literature by highlighting key messages and learning points from the experiences of researchers who have worked with children and violence across the different contexts of the UK and South Africa. As qualitative and quantitative researchers, our concepts, aims, methods, resources and approaches were very different but we all faced similar challenges in working with children and violence in contexts were adults' views about what violence counted predominated. We argue that children's participation in research and highlighting children's own understandings, agency and negotiations in relation to violence are crucial for challenging sometimes unhelpful taken for granted views about the impact of violence on children's lives. Keywords: childhood; cross national research, child abuse, family violence, domestic violence

"Poverty and violence are issues of global importance. In Poverty, War, and Violence in South Africa, Clifton Crais explores the relationship between colonial conquest and the making of South Africa's rural poor. Based on a wealth of archival sources, this detailed history changes our understanding of the origins of the gut-wrenching poverty that characterizes rural areas today. Crais shifts attention away from general models of economic change and focuses on the enduring implications of violence in shaping South Africa's past and present. Crais details the devastation wrought by European forces and their African auxiliaries. Their violence led to wanton bloodshed, large-scale destruction of property, and famine. Crais explores how the survivors struggled to remake their lives, including the adoption of new crops, and the world of inequality and vulnerability colonial violence bequeathed. He concludes with a discussion of contemporary challenges and the threats to democracy in South Africa. Written for general readers and specialists alike, this book overturns conventional wisdom and offers new ways of understanding violence and poverty in the modern world"--Provided by publisher

The global development agenda acknowledges the role of cities in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and addressing contemporary challenges caused by urbanization. SDG 11 aspires to make "cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" by 2030, even as the global urban population continues to grow exponentially, along with — even more rapidly — the population of children living in cities. Cities are the level of government closest to people's daily lives, and are best placed to address the numerous challenges and rights violations that children are exposed to, including sexual exploitation and abuse, violence, trafficking, and child labour. SDG 16.2 has the primary aim of ending the "abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against children". Through the lens of the subsidiarity principle, this article argues that localization to the city level of law and policy strategies that address violence against children can provide normative and powerful legal tools for their protection. Although there is developing scholarly literature on the global aspirations expressed in SDG 11 and SDG 16.2, little has been offered from a child rights perspective on the role of city governments in the prevention of, and protection of children from, violence.

The various forms of repression against black children in South Africa are discussed in light of the expanding role of children in resisting apartheid. Economic & social structures of apartheid that deny children their special needs as outlined in the 1959 UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child are described, along with judicial repression of & the use of armed force against children. The resistance of black children in South Africa to apartheid is shown through examples of the South African Youth Congress, hunger strikes, & school boycotts. 49 References. A. Cole

The impact of violence on children's health and development has had growing attention in global and national politics. Research on children's experiences of violence has increased in recent years and this paper aims to add to this literature by highlighting key messages and learning points from the experiences of researchers who have worked with children and violence across the different contexts of the UK and South Africa. As qualitative and quantitative researchers, our concepts, aims, methods, resources and approaches were very different but we all faced similar challenges in working with children and violence in contexts were adults' views about what violence counted predominated. We argue that children's participation in research and highlighting children's own understandings, agency and negotiations in relation to violence are crucial for challenging sometimes unhelpful taken for granted views about the impact of violence on children's lives.

The impact of violence on children's health and development has had growing attention in global and national politics. Research on children's experiences of violence has increased in recent years, and this article aims to add to this literature by highlighting key messages and learning points from the experiences of researchers who have worked with children and violence across the different contexts of the UK and South Africa. As qualitative and quantitative researchers, our concepts, aims, methods, resources and approaches were very different, but we all faced similar challenges in working with children and violence in contexts where adults' views about what violence counted predominated. We argue that children's participation in research and highlighting children's own understandings, agency and negotiations in relation to violence are crucial for challenging sometimes unhelpful taken-for-granted views about the impact of violence on children's lives.

Includes bibliography. ; The investigation aims at examining the effects of exposure to civil. violence on 304 'black' and 'white' children's evaluations of violence whilst controlling for gender and socio-economic status differences. The study tests the hypothesis that children exposed to civil violence tend to accept the use of violence towards all authority figures. The rationale behind comparing black and white children lies in the phenomenon that civil "unrest" has been. concentrated in black areas in Greater Cape Town and media,restrictions have further insulated whites from this violent reality. The instrument employed to measure these children's evaluations of violence describes 8 incidents, each involving the use of violence either by an authority figure against a child or vice-versa. The authority figures include a policeman, soldier, parent and teacher. A ninth incident involves the use of violence by a husband to a wife. The children were requested to rate each scenario according to its degree of 'wrongness'. Data were analysed by statistical procedures. No differences between gender or socio-economic status were yielded. Comparisons across race were inconclusive although black children were significantly more accepting of a child's violence to a soldier, a finding attributed to the role of the SADF in the "unrest". In general most children in the sample condemned the use of violence, but condoned the use of physical force by teachers and mothers. An overwhelmingly high frequency of corporal punishment in the classrooms was evident, with children generally accepting this. While no definite findings regarding the influence of civil "unrest" on children's evaluations of violence emerged, the politicisation of children was evident in some findings. Violence and evaluations thereof emerged as context-bound, involving the ideological and political views of the respondent. Findings raised doubt around the validity of traditional tools, such as the instrument employed in this study, as measures of ideologically bound concepts such as violence.

Die Polizeigewalt in den townships, die katastrophale soziale und wirtschaftliche Lage der schwarzen Bevölkerung und der Zwang für die Männer, Arbeit weit entfernt von den Familienangehörigen aufzunehmen - all das zerstört die Familienbeziehungen und führt zu Verrohung der Kinder. + Hintergrundpapier der Frauenabteilung des 'African National Congress', verfasst anläßlich des Weltfrauenkongresses in Moskau, Juni 1987. (DÜI-Spe)

Witchcraft, Violence, and Democracy in South Africa. Adam Ashforth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 396 pp.

This review presents the major lines of investigation regarding violence in Africa since the Cold War. After a historical introduction to the development of violent phenomena and their political contexts, diverse issues such as civil war, democratization, vigilantism, and the role of youth are assessed. It is argued that recent research has produced important insights by re-focusing on violent phenomena beyond the state. Yet despite the increasing number of non-state violent actors active on the African continent, to speak of a "privatization" of violence may be premature. Adapted from the source document.