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The present Constitution of the People's Republic of China was adopted in December 1982 by the Fifth National People's Congress. The 138 Articles published in this book have developed over the years since the founding of the Republic, and define the fundamental laws of the state.

Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I The Realistic Environment and Long-term Financing Plight -- Chapter 1 How Was China's Long-term Financing Plight Formed -- Chapter 2 The Problem of the Existing Financial System -- Chapter 3 How to Escape the Long-term Financing Plight -- Part II The Successful Practice of Development Finance in China -- Chapter 4 The Formation and Development of China's Development Finance -- Chapter 5 The Operating Mechanism of Development Financial Institutions -- Chapter 6 China's Development Finance Model: Micro Cases -- Part III Theoretical Connotations of Development Finance -- Chapter 7 Development Finance and Market Formation of Government-Led Finance -- Chapter 8 Development Finance and Social Capital Formation -- Chapter 9 New Developments in Financial Development Theories -- Part IV International Comparison of Policy Finance -- Chapter 10 Policy Finance in Europe and America -- Chapter 11 Policy Finance in Asia -- Chapter 12 International Development Financial Institutions -- Chapter 13 Policy Financial Mode: International Comparison and Trends -- Notes -- References -- Index

Pages:1 to 27 -- Pages:28 to 54 -- Pages:55 to 81 -- Pages:82 to 108 -- Pages:109 to 135 -- Pages:136 to 162 -- Pages:163 to 189 -- Pages:190 to 216 -- Pages:217 to 243 -- Pages:244 to 270 -- Pages:271 to 297 -- Pages:298 to 324 -- Pages:325 to 351 -- Pages:352 to 378 -- Pages:379 to 405 -- Pages:406 to 432 -- Pages:433 to 459 -- Pages:460 to 486 -- Pages:487 to 513 -- Pages:514 to 540 -- Pages:541 to 547

Who are we?Justifiably ranking among China's most time-honored English language magazine brands, that's has enjoyed a hard-core following among China's foreign residents since its genesis in the early 1990s. The various magazines that operate under the that's banner have been serving China's expat community, as well as its tourist population, a high quality product that is diverse and engaging for over two decades. Over the years that's has witnessed great change in China, and it has had front-row seats to a fascinating period in the nation's history. Over the space of a few short decades, Chi

Who are we?Justifiably ranking among China's most time-honored English language magazine brands, that's has enjoyed a hard-core following among China's foreign residents since its genesis in the early 1990s. The various magazines that operate under the that's banner have been serving China's expat community, as well as its tourist population, a high quality product that is diverse and engaging for over two decades. Over the years that's has witnessed great change in China, and it has had front-row seats to a fascinating period in the nation's history. Over the space of a few short decades, Chi

Who are we?Justifiably ranking among China's most time-honored English language magazine brands, that's has enjoyed a hard-core following among China's foreign residents since its genesis in the early 1990s. The various magazines that operate under the that's banner have been serving China's expat community, as well as its tourist population, a high quality product that is diverse and engaging for over two decades. Over the years that's has witnessed great change in China, and it has had front-row seats to a fascinating period in the nation's history. Over the space of a few short decades, Chi

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Foreword -- Authors' foreword -- List of contributors -- 1 Introduction -- A review of China's poverty and anti-poverty efforts -- Socioeconomic development and poverty reduction -- Evolution of poverty concepts and other countries' experiences -- This report's approach -- 2 New characteristics of poverty in China today -- The absolute poverty line in China -- Poor populations in rural areas of China -- Size and geographical distribution of poor populations in urban areas -- 3 Analysis of the causes of poverty -- An analytical framework -- Agricultural dependence and natural environmental constraints -- Human capital constraints -- Public services constraints -- Causes of urban poverty -- A brief summary of the causes of poverty -- 4 China's poverty alleviation policies: goals and impacts -- Main poverty alleviation policies and their characteristics -- The effects of poverty alleviation policies in rural areas -- The poverty alleviation effects of anti-poverty policies in urban areas -- Conclusive evaluation of China's anti-poverty policies -- 5 Governance and poverty alleviation -- The organization of China's poverty alleviation forces and their functions -- The Chinese Government's primary experiences in poverty alleviation -- The main problems with the Chinese Government's administrative practices for poverty alleviation -- 6 Suggestions for poverty alleviation policies -- Establish a developmental poverty line and adjust long-term poverty alleviation objectives -- Establish a reasonable credit mechanism for poverty alleviation and define the financial sector's participation -- Establish and completely implement the social security system for rural and urban areas.

Innovation ist in China zu einem Modewort geworden. Die chinesische Regierung ist bestrebt, das Land von einem reinen Produktionsstandort zu einem der führenden Innovationsstandorte zu entwickeln. Dabei sind bereits beachtliche Erfolge erzielt worden. China hat seine Aktivitäten in Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) seit Mitte der 90er Jahre sehr stark ausgeweitet. Nach absoluten Zahlen rangiert das Land inzwischen bezüglich der FuE-Aufwendungen und des FuE-Personals in der Spitzengruppe der FuE-Nationen. Ausgeprägte Defizite weist China jedoch immer noch bei der Grundlagenforschung sowie bei Erfindungen und grundlegenden technologischen Neuerungen auf.

After its relations with the West deteriorated massively in the course of the Ukraine crisis, Russia has been aligning itself increasingly towards China. This shift is most obvious in the strategic spheres of military and energy cooperation. Even if the immediate impacts on Germany and the European Union – caused by the dynamics in the relationship between these two major neighbours in the East – are limited, the development is of great relevance for international relations and the global order. It would therefore be wrong to underestimate the long-term ramifications. Germany and the European Union should counterbalance these nascent tectonic shifts with inclusive and multilateral cooperation and dialogue initiatives in the Euro-Asian region. Regional and global cooperation should be shaped by economic exchange, infrastructure expansion and the search for solutions to global problems. (author's abstract)

A key question for China is whether it can progress from being a traditional centre of manufacturing to becoming a centre for innovation. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, this book defines the challenges for China in its transition from "Made in China" to "Innovated in China"

Leaflet ([7] p.) concerning the establishment of the Commission on extra-territoriality inserted at end. ; Mode of access: Internet.