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With more than 700 million residents living in rural areas, China is still a predominantly rural country. But despite substantial improvements in standards of living, the Chinese countryside is largely lagging behind. This report analyzes the key socio-economic forces at work in China's rural areas and discusses the current government strategy for rural development. It argues that in order to bridge rural-urban divides the current policy approach needs to go further in recognizing rural-urban complementarities beyond agriculture and that food-security targets need to be balanced with wider rural development objectives.--Publisher's description

This paper explains some of the most important processes through the Chinese army has passed, as well as the industry dedicated to the arms production in China. The People's Republic of China after reaching economic stability in the late 1990s refocused its military modernization policies, to be able to measure with the most powerful ones in the world, leaving behind the mass army to make way for the era of computerization and Cyberwar. To understand this process is essential to study the situation in the early years of the Republic, through the era of the Four Modernizations to the National Defense White Papers and other policies related to the modernize China's military industry. ; El presente trabajo explica algunos de los procesos más importantes por los que ha pasado el ejército chino, así como la industria dedicada a la producción de armamento en China. La República Popular China después de haber alcanzado una estabilidad financiaría a finales de la década de 1990, reoriento las políticas de modernización militar para poder medirse con las poderosas del mundo, dejando atrás el ejército de masas para dar paso a la era de la informatización y guerra cibernética. Para entender dicho proceso es indispensable estudiar la situación durante los primeros años de la Republica, pasando por la era de las Cuatro Modernizaciones hasta los Libros Blancos de Defensa Nacional y otras políticas relacionadas para modernizar la industria militar china.

Examines protest movements within the country and internal and external dissent from government policies, with some focus on Tiananmen Square and its aftermath, 1989-97; China. Summary in English p. 220.