Suchergebnisse

В статье рассматриваются коренные ценности китайского социализма, выраженные с помощью мультимодальных метафор. ; The article deals with the topics studied rarely both in China and Russia. The main focus of the research of multimodal metaphors lies on the introduction to the theory of the problem. The scope of research covers the linguistic landscape in terms of reflection of the core values of the Chinese socialism. The material for practical analysis in this paper is constituted by park elements (trees) and posters in residential areas. The article summarizes and semantically analyzes 12 words and word combinations denoting Chinese socialist values, such as富强 (power of the country), 民主 (democracy), 文明 (civilization), 和谐 (harmony), 自由 (freedom), 平等 (equality), 公正 (justice), 法治 (rule of law), 爱国 (patriotism), 敬业 (dedication to work), 诚信 (good faith and sincerity) and 友善 (friendship). They reflect the core values on three levels - official, social and civil.

This study used the bilateral trade data of export and import of Pakistan with ten major trading partners in terms of the disaggregated model to empirically test the Marshall Lerner condition. Previous studies tested the Marshall Lerner condition in terms of the aggregated model, but the aggregated model often gives mixed results due to aggregation bias. In terms of disaggregated approach, the Marshall-Lerner condition holds only for seven countries, i.e. Japan, China, Kuwait, Germany, United States, Saudi Arabia, and Italy. Concluding that on average the competitive real effective exchange rate or depreciated value of Pakistan currency (PKR) improved the bilateral trade balance with said trading partners except for the United Kingdom, France, and Turkey. Furthermore, solely the PKR depreciation with three European countries i.e. France, the United Kingdom, and Turkey will not improve the bilateral trade balance with these countries. Government should take supply-side and precautionary measures also to ensure the favorable bilateral trade balance with these European countries.

Scholars and policy makers have intensely debated institutional reforms of the United Nations (UN) since its creation. Yet, relatively little attention has been given to institutional design preferences among the public in UN member states. This study examines two questions: Which possible rules concerning UN authority and representation do citizens prefer? Which personal and country characteristics are associated with their varying institutional preferences? A population-based conjoint survey experiment conducted in Argentina, China, India, Russia, Spain, and the United States is used to identify public preferences on nine distinct institutional design dimensions figuring prominently in UN reform debates. We find widespread support for increasing or at least maintaining UN authority over member states and for handing control over its decision-making to UN organs that would represent the citizens of every member state more directly. Citizens' institutional preferences are associated with their political values and vary depending on whether their home countries would gain or lose influence from a specific reform.

Diplomatic protests convey one government's displeasure with the policies of another government. Yet, public support for their own government's policies can be influenced by the actions of others, so diplomatic protests have the potential to increase domestic support for the policy within the target country. A rally-'round-the-flag effect has been found to be associated with wars, crises, and sanctions. Here, we assess the existence of such an effect in relation to diplomatic protests by foreign governments. Using a survey experiment, we assess the impact of foreign government protests—specifically protests by China—against US arms sales to Taiwan on public support for Taiwan's government and its policies. We find that who lodges the protest, whether it is an adversary or a supporter, is more important than the language of the protest itself. We argue that diplomatic protests create a dilemma—lodging complaints about the behavior of other governments can increase public support for those very policies in the target country.

Connectivity and fragmentation coexist as two interlinked discourses on the relationship between infrastructures and societies. In response to the Digital Silk Road initiated by the Chinese government, Chinese companies have built numerous digital infrastructures globally. Simultaneously, China's government seeks to strengthen domestic internet governance through laws and administrative regulations, such as the Cyber Security Law. This paper utilises the interpretive framework of "sociotechnical imaginaries" to explore the controversial tension between digital fragmentations and connectivity in cyberspace along technical, institutional and political dimensions. Scrutinising two cases studies - New IP and smart city - the study finds that China's approach to infrastructuring cyberspace can be best understood as selective connectivity. China not only integrates into global cyber infrastructures to enhance its technological and regulatory capabilities, but also attempts to reshape global cyberspace governance to strengthen its political structures and enhance digital autonomy, seeking a balance between digital sovereignty, regime security and economic development. However, selective connectivity brings its own complexities and drawbacks.

Die deutsche Wirtschaft wankt - bereits angeschlagen - von der einen Krise in die nächste. Noch immer werden die Unternehmen von den vielfältigen Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie belastet - vor allem über gestörte Lieferketten und Personalausfälle. Die erneuten Restriktionen in China verdeutlichen, dass diese Risiken auch weiterhin nicht wegzudenken sind. Hinzu kommen seit Februar die Lasten des Kriegs in der Ukraine. Diese verstärken die bestehenden Produktionsstörungen, bewirken zusätzlich stark ansteigende Produktionskosten und Preise und führen zu erheblichen Verunsicherungen. Vor allem die umfassende Versorgung mit wichtigen Industrie- und Energierohstoffen stellt derzeit ein schwer kalkulierbares Risiko dar. Ein ebenso kaum abschätzbarer Konjunktureinbruch könnte aus einer abrupten Unterbrechung der Gaslieferungen aus Russland resultieren. Auch ohne eine solche Eskalation wird sich die weltwirtschaftliche Dynamik empfindlich abschwächen. Für das Jahr 2022 wird bei Weltproduktion und Welthandel jeweils ein Plus von 3 1/2 Prozent erwartet. Für 2023 fallen die Zuwächse leicht schwächer aus. Rund um den Globus zehren die hohen Preise und Unsicherheiten an der Konsum- und Investitionsnachfrage. In diesem Umfeld verlangsamt sich auch das Konjunkturtempo in Deutschland stark. Die Exporte leiden unter der schwächelnden Weltwirtschaft. Konsum und Investitionen stehen im Bann von hohen Inflationsraten und Stress in den Lieferketten. Die notwendige Erholung wird nochmals aufgeschoben. Die Wachstumsaussichten für das Jahr 2022 haben sich auf nur noch weniger als 1 3/4 Prozent halbiert. Im Jahr 2023 wird das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland um 2 3/4 Prozent zulegen. Das setzt aber voraus, dass es im zweiten Halbjahr 2022 zu keinen zusätzlichen Belastungen durch geopolitische Konflikte kommt und sich die konjunkturaufzehrenden Inflationseffekte zurückbilden. Nach gut 6 Prozent in diesem Jahr steigen die Verbraucherpreise 2023 um 3 Prozent an. Produktionsstörungen wirken im gesamten Prognosezeitraum, sie lassen ...

Building a child-friendly city is supporting the sustainable development goal of cities. This concept was firstly proposed in 1996. By 2021, more than 870 cities worldwide have obtained the certification from United Nations Children's Fund. The Chinese government also paid great attention to the child issue. With the efforts of researchers and governments, practices and theories are becoming comprehensive. This paper discusses the child-friendly city at the neighbourhood level. Building a playable neighbourhood contributes to making a child-friendly environment. Children's play space could be divided into two categories: the formal play places, for example, small gardens and playgrounds designed especially for kids, and the other is informal play place, which is not designed for children but gathered with children spontaneously. The network of the playable urban form includes both two categories. The framework of building play-friendly neighbourhoods can be achieved through accessibility, safety, and affordance, which are concluded by literature review, and then this system was got tested for analysis in one neighbourhood of Nanjing, China.

Supposing only that there is an effective charge which defines an evolution scheme for parton distribution functions (DFs) that is all-orders exact, strict lower and upper bounds on all Mellin moments of the valence-quark DFs of pionlike systems are derived. Exploiting contemporary results from numerical simulations of lattice-regularized quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that are consistent with these bounds, parameter-free predictions for pion valence, glue, and sea DFs are obtained. The form of the valence-quark DF at large values of the light-front momentum fraction is consistent with predictions derived using the QCD-prescribed behavior of the pion wave function. ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 12135007 11805097 ; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf High Potential Programme ; Spanish Government ; European Commission PID2019-107844GB-C22 ; Junta de Andalucia P18-FR-5057 UHU-1264517 UHU EPIT-2021 ; STRONG-2020 "The strong interaction at the frontier of knowledge: fundamental research and applications" from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 824093

This study used the bilateral trade data of export and import of Pakistan with ten major trading partners in terms of the disaggregated model to empirically test the Marshall Lerner condition. Previous studies tested the Marshall Lerner condition in terms of the aggregated model, but the aggregated model often gives mixed results due to aggregation bias. In terms of disaggregated approach, the Marshall-Lerner condition holds only for seven countries, i.e. Japan, China, Kuwait, Germany, United States, Saudi Arabia, and Italy. Concluding that on average the competitive real effective exchange rate or depreciated value of Pakistan currency (PKR) improved the bilateral trade balance with said trading partners except for the United Kingdom, France, and Turkey. Furthermore, solely the PKR depreciation with three European countries i.e. France, the United Kingdom, and Turkey will not improve the bilateral trade balance with these countries. Government should take supply-side and precautionary measures also to ensure the favorable bilateral trade balance with these European countries.

The major component of computing devices is the processor, called CPU (Central Processing Unit) and it is responsible for handling all the calls of the programs that are executed, though the memory performance and tasks distribution are also important components. Processor or microprocessor is computing device component with the greatest impact on the performance of a computer system, hence its development over the decades has been quite impressive. Processors configuration and settings have all changed considerably in the field of information technology. Parallelism, memory systems, and remote direct memory access (RDMA) enabled high-speed networks are all features of high-performance CPUs. These trends have affected data management and analysis applications. In this paper, we considered the development trend of the processor performance through computation, storage, and network dimensions with review of the global competition between manufacturers and by extension the government of China and USA. Related works in processor performance measurements are reviewed and the consideration of challenges and future developments are enumerated.

Workplace bullying has grown in many professions and has various negative effects, of which workplace loneliness should be paid special attention to. This study explored the relationship between workplace bullying and workplace loneliness, and constructed a chain-mediated model to investigate the chain-mediated effects of social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.In this study, 361 employees from government units and enterprises in a city of China were surveyed by convenient sampling method and the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was used to analysis the data. The results showed that: (1) workplace bullying, social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation were significantly positively correlated with workplace loneliness.(2) Social anxiety has a significant mediating effect between workplace bullying and workplace loneliness.(3) Workplace bullying significantly predicted workplace loneliness through the serial mediating effects of social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.The results of this study reveal the impact of workplace bullying on workplace loneliness and its mechanism, and provide some guidance for the intervention of workplace loneliness.

The article examines the issues of state-legal and socio-economic development of the People's Republic of China in 2021, and also analyzes some trends in state-building in the PRC over the past 10 years. Based on the reports presented at the fifth and final session of the National People's Congress of the 13th Convocation (March 2022), the main indicators of the work in 2021 of the State Council, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Prosecutor's Office are given. The adopted laws indicate the strengthening of the role of the state in public and economic life, as well as the attention of the Chinese legislator to the legal provision of sovereignty and protection of national interests in the international arena in the face of sanctions and increased confrontation with the West.

In large countries with multilevel fiscal systems, effective pursuit of reforms relating to integration, deregulation and natural resource management requires active participation of and coordination with subnational governments. While most of the existing literature is about the reform of federalism, the volume is about reform through federalism. It explores federal reform strategies, that is, ways in which central governments can motivate, influence and ensure coordination of subnational policies. It covers such mechanisms as the imposition of conditions on earmarked funding from central to subnational governments, the provision of incentive funding awarded if certain reforms are undertaken, the development of cross-government agreements, and centralization of power from the subnational level to the central government. The study examines both successes and failures by analysing a range of case-studies, drawn mainly from India and Australia but also covering Indonesia and China. It not only fills the existing gap in the literature relating to federal reform strategies, but also attempts to build a typology of strategies and draws lessons from experience.

The world trading system has been remarkably successful in many respects but is now under great strain. The causes are deep-seated and require a strategic response. The future of the system depends critically on reinvigorating the WTO and policy change in the largest trading nations. Important measures are required to sustain the multilateral trading system, and urgent action is needed to avoid a scenario where the system fragments. The worst scenarios will disrupt global trade and see a world which splinters into large trading blocs (most likely centered on China, the European Union and the United States) and where trade relations are based to a large extent on relative power instead of rules. In such a world the smallest players - especially those whose trade is least covered by bilateral or regional agreements - will be at the greatest disadvantage. All countries will incur enormous costs only to try and reinvent a system that is already in place today under the WTO.

Environmental problems in coastal areas are related to water resources. This is due to the high demand as a result of population activities on the coast beside the water quality on the coast is less good than that onthe mainland. The objective of this study is to review and compare the selection of clean water supply methods and their alternatives, especially in Hong Kong and Jakarta, from a public policy point of view. Hong Kong has a variety of water supply methods. Currently, the ones that are still used are seawater toilet flushing and water imports from China. In policy formation, Hong Kong has not looked at it holistically or is still traditional. In Indonesia, water resources are the obligation of the state to meet the needs of its population in accordance with the 1 945 Constitution. Jakarta's coastal areas have not fully experienced access to piped water to date, so the Provincial Government has chosen the method of providing water according to public acceptance.