Suchergebnisse

Since the Communists came to power in 1949 Chinese art has seen extraordinary changes. For 30 years, the Party apparatus and its Marxist-Maoist ideology exerted so tight a control over cultural life that it is natural for the art of that period to be viewed primarily as a reflection or expression of political forces. To some degree that is unavoidable, and it is the approach taken by the authors of two important books on post-1949 Chinese art, while Jerome Silbergeld's monograph on the Sichuan eccentric painter Li Huasheng is a fascinating study of the way in which these forces affected the life and work of an individual artist.

"Die vorliegende Untersuchung befasst sich mit dem zwischen der Absetzung des chinesischen
Kaiserhauses am Höhepunkt der Krise und der endgültigen Neuregulierung durch die chinesischen Kommunisten liegenden Mittelteil der 'Bürgerlichen Revolution' in China von 1911-1949. Sie liegt somit auch formal zwischen dem Anfang und dem Abschluss der Untersuchung des Umbaus der chinesischen Gesellschaft von einem hydraulischen und quasi-feudalen System in eine kommunistische 'Volksrepublik'. Die interessenleitende Fragestellung lautet folglich, inwieweit die regulative Neugestaltung der chinesischen Gesellschaft in der ersten Phase bis 1949 gelang und welche nachhaltig veränderten gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse entstanden." (Autorenreferat)

'Women and Property in China, 960-1949' by Kathryn Bernhardt is reviewed.

This chapter gives an overview of the changes in the welfare policies of China since 1949 when the Communist Party came to power. It shows that the welfare policies in China are centred on two themes: facilitating economic growth and social stability. Social stability to some extent is partially achieved by sustained growth, but not limited to growth. The development of the welfare state plays two roles: picking up the vulnerability exposed by the changes in economic growth; and responding to the social pressure that threatens instability. Despite the fact that China has moved from a command economy pursuing Communist ideology to a market economy following "Socialism with Chinese Characters", the approaches the state has responded to in changing welfare needs have not really drifted away from economic growth and social stability. Politically, the Communist Party and the government, though reluctant to make radical changes in the political system, had gone through some transformations.

Seit 1949 gab es 32 stellvertretende Ministerpräsidenten, unter den 12 im Januar 1975 ernannten stehen Deng Xiaoping und Li Xiannian im Vordergrund. (DÜI-Sch)