Suchergebnisse

Incarceration removes individuals from their families and their communities, increasing the potential for disrupted relationships, community fragmentation, and burden on service systems. Based on focus groups with 38 male and 39 female inmates and interviews with 21 family members, this study identifies specific impacts of incarceration on prisoners and their families. Findings include prisoners' and families' perceptions of incarceration's impact on their communication, health, mental health, finances, and involvement with community supports such as friends, church groups, and human services. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.

AbstractProposed is a Heuristic Network (HN) Procedure for balancing assembly lines. The procedure uses simple heuristic rules to generate a network which is then traversed using a shortest route algorithm to obtain a heuristic solution. The advantages of the HN Procedure are: a) it generally yields better solutions than those obtained by application of the heuristics, and b) sensitivity analysis with different values of cycle time is possible without having to regenerate the network. The rationale for its effectiveness and its application to problems with paralleling are presented. Computational experience with the procedure on up to 50 task test problems is provided.

When comparing the prognosis of more than two groups in clinical trials, researchers may use multiple comparison procedures to determine which treatments actually differ from one another. Methods of controlling the Family Wise Error (FWE) rate for multiple comparisons of survival curves have received attention in the statistical literature. Adjustments such as Bonferroni, Holm's, Steele's and the closed procedure based on the logrank test have been studied. If hazards cross, the adjustments based on the logrank test may not be the most appropriate. Chi (2005) developed multiple testing procedures based on weighted Kaplan–Meier statistics as these statistics may perform better than the logrank for non‐proportional hazards alternatives. The aim of this research is to propose multiple testing procedures based on the Lin and Wang (2004) statistic for all pairwise comparisons. Simulation studies have shown this statistic can be more powerful than the logrank for certain crossing hazards. Through simulation, the FWE rate and power of the Bonferroni and Holm's adjustments based on the Lin and Wang statistic will be studied. For comparison purposes, the same adjustment procedures based on the logrank and Wilcoxon will be included in the simulations. These methods are applied to data from the Bone marrow transplant registry.

We propose a new structural VAR method to estimate uncertainty and identify its macroeconomic effects formalizing the idea that, if uncertainty affects macroeconomic variables linearly, then a suitable linear combination of these variables should reveal uncertainty. We define uncertainty as the conditional volatility of the 1-step-ahead structural shock, following a Jurado et al. (2015) regarding the idea that uncertainty is a conditional volatility; however, being interested in structural VAR methods, our focus is on the structural shocks. Focusing on a specific structural long-run shock and the related uncertainty, we propose a simple and coherent two-step econometric procedure to estimate long-run uncertainty and its effects on macroeconomic variables. Our measure of uncertainty turns out to be highly correlated with respect to existing measures of uncertainty. Moreover, we see that the uncertainty peaks in quarters characterized by important recognizable economic, institutional and political events, such as the first oil shock, the monetary policy shocks of the Volcker era and the Lehman Brother bankruptcy. Thus emerges the ability of the uncertainty shock to lead the economic cycle, causing negative effects on economic activity that will be overcome only in the medium run.