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本文通过比较的视角来探索中共政权对中国天主教会包括官方与地下教会的特殊控制及其原因。自中共建国后,对比与其同宗同源,同为近代外来宗教的基督新教,中国天主教会长期以来受到中共严厉的控制。同时,近三十年来,基督新教在中国发展迅猛,成为当代中国发展最快的宗教,而在晚清和国民党政权下,基督新教在中国的发展一直远远落后于天主教。本文试图对这两个特殊现象进行研究。 ; 对于中共的严厉控制,学界的普遍观点是将其归结为天主教会强大的外国背景和与梵蒂冈的关系; 而近三十年来基督新教在华迅猛发展的原因被认为是它改良的教义和积极的传教模式。然而,基督新教同样具有强大的外国背景,它改良的教义和传教模式自晚清起在中国并没有本质改变,为何只在中共政权下得到迅速发展?本文试图通过对比天主教与基督新教在教义与组织结构、在华传播模式与发展速度、在华对政治的参与等方面的差异,以及天主教会在中国与中共政权在意识形态与组织结构上的异同,来探索中共对天主教会的特殊对待是否存在更深层次的原因,并探讨两者之间是否存在不可调和的矛盾。 ; 笔者认为,作为一个意识形态与组织高度合一的政权,中共害怕任何有严密统一全国性组织的宗教,不管它是否有外国背景。而作为有全国性统一严密组织的宗教组织,天主教会在中国之所以没有像"一贯道"和"法轮功"一样被中共消灭掉,是因为其与梵蒂冈的关系。作为"国际性合法宗教",天主教得以在中国生存。与基督新教相比,天主教会在中国,作为一种保守的,不倾向于革命或改良的宗教组织,在主观上从未试图挑战政权,但是其政教合一的严密组织以及建立在儒家伦理和宗族(家族)基础上的稳定的网络结构,在客观上构成对中共政权的有力竞争与潜在威胁,因此受到中共严密控制。中共利用"自选自圣"的策略,保持天主教会在中国的分裂, 从而达到"分而治之"的目的。同时,中共保持天主教地下教会在中国有限度的存在,以维持其对中国天主教会的有效控制。 ; My research focuses on church-state relations in contemporary China, to explore whether or not the Catholic Church in China constitutes a threat to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime. I am undertaking a comparative study of the CCP's religious control over the Catholic and Protestant churches in mainland China through the approach of state-society relations, as well as a macroscopic view of political science with quantitative and qualitative analysis. ; As they are both foreign-originated parts of Christianity, the Catholic Church has been subjected to much stricter controls from the mainland CCP since 1949 than the Protestant Churches. Furthermore, the Protestant churches have been the fastest growing religion in China in past three decades, but it had once grown relatively very slowly under late Qing and the KMT regimes, compared with the Catholicism. This research tries to explore these two strange phenomena, to study why the CCP has been so highly attentive towards the Catholic Church but has not eliminated it in mainland China. ; Through expounding the differences between the Catholic Church and the Protestant churches in religious doctrines, organizational structures, propagation models, as well as development ...

許頌聲著 = The Chinese Christian renovation movement and political movements : 1949-1952 : a critical study / by Hui Chung-sing Wallace. ; 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. ; 參考文獻 (leaves 98-111). ; 附中英文摘要. ; Xu Songsheng zhu = The Chinese Christian renovation movement and political movements : 1949-1952 : a critical study / by Hui Chung-sing Wallace. ; Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi) -- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. ; Can kao wen xian (leaves 98-111). ; Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. ; Chapter 第一章、 --- 導言 --- p.1 ; Chapter 一、 --- 學術硏究的檢討 ; Chapter 二、 --- 槪念簡釋與硏究構想 ; Chapter 三、 --- 材料與方法 ; Chapter 四、 --- 各章大要 ; Chapter 第二章、 --- 新民主主義、統一戰線與宗教政策 --- p.16 ; Chapter 一、 --- 建設新中國 ; Chapter 二、 --- 何謂「新民主主義」? ; Chapter 三、 --- 「統一戰線」、力量對比與革命的階段性 ; Chapter 四、 --- 中共在建國初年的宗教政策 ; Chapter 五、 --- 小結-力量對比的問題 ; Chapter 第三章、 --- 競逐權威-基督教領導權的爭奪 --- p.29 ; Chapter 一、 --- 手扶犁頭,不容回顧 ; Chapter 二、 --- 既團結又鬥爭的政策 ; Chapter 三、 --- 基督教領導權爭端的觸發 ; Chapter 四、 --- 〈基督教宣言〉的發表 ; Chapter 五、 --- 權力的轉移-協進會第十四屆年會 ; Chapter 六、 --- 小結-宗教統制的第一步 ; 目錄(續上頁) ; Chapter 第四章、 --- 「抗美援朝」與基督教革新運動 --- p.53 ; Chapter 一、 --- 變革 ; Chapter 二、 --- 韓戰一一個異數 ; Chapter 三、 --- 攘外以安內,安內以攘外 ; Chapter 四、 --- 「抗美援朝」運動下基督教 ; Chapter 五、 --- 決心割大瘤 ; Chapter 六、 --- 小結-跟隨他的腳蹤行 ; Chapter 第五章、 --- 中共統制下的基督教 --- p.74 ; Chapter 一、 --- 徹底革新 ; Chapter 二、 --- 北京會議 ; Chapter 三、 --- 被中共「包下來」的基督教 ; Chapter 四、 --- 虔誠的懺悔 ; Chapter 五、 --- 中共統制下的基督教控訴運動 ; Chapter 六、 --- 小結-基督教到延安去 ; Chapter 第六章、 --- 結論 --- p.95 ; 參考書目 --- p.98

何翰庭 = The life and thought of Liu Liang-mo, a Pro-Communist Christian / Ho Hon-ting Johnson. ; 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. ; 參考文獻: leaves 105-119. ; 中英文摘要. ; He Hanting = The life and thought of Liu Liang-mo, a Pro-Communist Christian / Ho Hon-ting Johnson. ; 論文撮要 --- p.ii ; 鳴謝 --- p.iii ; Chapter 第一章´Ø --- 前言 --- p.1 ; Chapter 一´Ø --- 硏究動機 ; Chapter 二´Ø --- 硏究回顧略述 ; Chapter 三´Ø --- 參考資料與硏究方法 ; Chapter 第二章´Ø --- 劉良模的生平略述 --- p.16 ; Chapter 第三章´Ø --- 劉良模的救國思想 --- p.23 ; Chapter 一´Ø --- 引言 ; Chapter 二´Ø --- 劉良模早期的改良思想 ; Chapter 三´Ø --- 對共產黨的認識和支持 ; Chapter 四´Ø --- 留美九年的經歷 ; Chapter 五´Ø --- 小結 ; Chapter 第四章´Ø --- 劉良模的教會改造思想 --- p.57 ; Chapter 一´Ø --- 引言 ; Chapter 二´Ø --- 中共建國前中國基督徒對政治的態度 ; Chapter 三´Ø --- 劉良模對新中國的認同 ; Chapter 四´Ø --- 劉良模的三自改造思想 ; Chapter 五´Ø --- 劉良模與基督教的改造 ; Chapter 六´Ø --- 劉良模的「基督教思想」 ; Chapter 七´Ø --- 小結 ; Chapter 第五章´Ø --- 總結 --- p.99 ; Chapter 一 ´Ø --- 「紅色基督徒」在新政權中的作用 ; Chapter 二´Ø --- 宗教信仰對劉良模的意義 ; 參考資料 --- p.105 ; 附錄 --- p.120 ; 劉良模的生平照片 ; 民眾歌詠會情況 ; 三十年代基督教青年會舊址現貌 ; 美國賓夕凡尼亞大學圖書館檔案部回覆筆者信函:關於劉良模的檔案

Cheung, Hin Wah. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-216). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 2 in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Abstract in Chinese (摘要) --- p.ii ; List of Figures and Tables --- p.vii ; Abbreviations Glossary --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- "Research Background, Significance and Question" --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Structure --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Subject and Time Period --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Research Methodology --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.3.5 --- Limits of the Research --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Structure --- p.17 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Theoretical Discussion --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Concept of Religion and Politics --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Church-State Relations --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- Role of Church --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Models of Church-State Relations --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Types of interaction between Church and State --- p.39 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Education: A Battlefield between Church and State --- p.42 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Political Bargaining & Decision --- p.44 ; Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.46 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Church-State Relations in Hong Kong: Three governments, Four religions, Different relations" --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Church-State relations in the colonial age --- p.49 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Catholicism and Protestant Christianity --- p.51 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Buddhism and Taoism --- p.55 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Church-State Relations in the transition period and after the return of sovereignty --- p.59 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- HKSAR Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.60 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Chinese Government & Four Religious Bodies --- p.69 ...

Dahlia Lenairte's Family and the State in Soviet Lithuania: Gender, Law and Society (2021) offers an account of the changing role and position of women in the family and in society under the Communist reign in Lithuania. Beginning with the first Soviet occupation before the Second World War, Lenairte details the massive changes from Catholicism to Communism with respect to gender policy, family, divorce, childcare, maternity leave, and finally housing, up until the 1980s. Importantly, she shows that, contrary to common belief about Communist policy, gender equality was in fact never achieved in Soviet Lithuania.
Dahlia Lenairtes bog Familie og stat i Sovjet Litauen: Køn, lov og samfund (2021) er en gennemgang af kvinders ændrede roller og position i samfundet og familien under det kommunistisk styre i Litauen. Med et afsæt fra den første sovjetiske besættelse før 2. Verdenskrig viser Lenairte de enorme ændringer der skete fra katolicisme til kommunisme med hensyn til ligestilling, familie, skilsmisse, børnepasning og barselsorlov, og endelig boligsituationen op til begyndelsen af 1980'erne. I modsætning til den almindelige forståelse af kommunistisk ligestillingspolitik bliver det tydeligt, at kvinder aldrig opnåede at blive ligestillet med mænd.

Martin Kragh, Deputy Director of the Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies (SCEEUS) and Senior Research Fellow at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs, reviews Ingerid M. Opdahl's book, The Russian State and Russian Energy Companies, 1992–2018 (Routledge, 2020).

Wu, Ka Ming. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-163). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i-iii ; Table of Content --- p.iv-v ; Abbreviations --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction: Women and Poverty in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Poor Women: Where and Who are They? ; Research Purpose and Questions ; Research Methodology ; Some Research Reflections ; Chapter Chapter Two --- "Engendering the Question of Poverty: Power in Economy, State and Discourse" --- p.14 ; Women and Development under Economic Globalization ; Working Daughters Getting Old: The Hong Kong Case ; Hong Kong in the International Political Economy ; Poor Women: The Opposition of Workers and Citizens ; Welfare Perspectives: Three Different Theoretical Streams ; The Political Economy of Welfare State ; Feminist Critique of Welfare State ; Poor Women and Welfare Services in Hong Kong ; The Genealogy of Modern Power: Foucault on Power and Discourse ; Discourse Analysis ; Ideology versus Truth ; The Power of Gaze ; The Welfare Cut: The Poor as Objects of State Intervention ; Power/ Knowledge ; Chapter Chapter Three --- poor Women as Product of Economic Development: Changing Role of Hong Kong in the Global Economy --- p.45 ; Changing Role of Hong Kong in the Global Economy ; Poor Women after Economic Restructuring ; Reproductive Work Positions: Sliding Ranks and Salaries ; No Jobs for Poor Mothers ; Working Poor Mothers: Reconciling Paid Work and Family Responsibility ; Familialism and the Incorporation of Women as Labor ; Capitalist Production of Familialism ; The Matron Workers in the 1970s vs the Disabled Women in the 1990s ; Entering the Information Age in the late 1990s: Poor Women and Development ; Conclusion ; Chapter Chapter Four --- "Women, Poverty and the Welfare System in Hong Kong " --- p.72 ; Concern of Hong Kong Social Policy ; The Myth of Lassie-faire in Social Welfare ; Productivity: Philosophy of Hong Kong Social Welfare ; Single Mothers as Study ...

Political Culture in the Baltic States: Between National and European Integration är en gedigen studie av demokratins ställning i de baltiska staterna och den kritiska roll som etniska skiljelinjer kan ha i demokratiseringprocesser. Den har mycket att erbjuda både områdesspecialister och läsare med ett mer allmänt intresse för demokrati och politisk kultur.
Political Culture in the Baltic States: Between National and European Integration is a thorough study of the situation of democracy in the Baltic states, and the critical role of ethnic cleavages in processes of democratization. It has much to offer to area specialists as well as to readers more generally interested in democracy and political culture.

Abstract: Political Culture in the Baltic States. Between National and European IntegrationEglė Kesylytė-Alliks (researcher at Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University) reviews Political Culture in the Baltic States. Between National and European Integration written by Kjetil Duvold, Sten Berglund and Joakim Ekman.

本研究針對中國城市教會信徒年輕化的現象,以北京一三自教會為個案分析,了解「八零後」的中國基督徒如何理解和實踐基督信仰,並探討這個群體的崛起如何改造城市基督教的面貌。八零後的中國基督徒在信徒身份建構上所強調的是理性學習及積極入世的。他們在對信仰的理解和實踐的過程中塑造了一種中產價值。這種中產價值不單體現在「高學歷」、「城市」、「創新」等文化資本上,更重視回歸到傳統的家庭價值和對社會的正面價值。本文也反映了基督教與國家權力之間的互動,指出兩者相互依存和調適,但教會仍受制於政府主導的宗教政策。教會在限制中調動信徒的力量發掘空間,實踐他們的信仰理念。 ; Christianity in China has been traditionally attracted socially disadvantaged groups; however, this has recently changed with the rising number of young and educated worshipers in China's urban churches, especially in metropolitan cities. This study examines a group of Post-80s Chinese Christians at a Three-Self church in Beijing by looking at (1) How these young followers understand and practice religion in their everyday lives? (2) And how their everyday practice and understanding of religion shape and change the image of urban Christianity? The Post-80s Chinese Christians place the importance of rational study and social engagement in constructing religious identity. The ways they interpret their faith reflect the middle class values by emphasizing family values and favoring economic and political stability. The study also shows that the state-church relation is mutually dependent and adaptive but the religious matters are still largely controlled by the political authority. Subject to the limitations imposed by the government, the church has managed to find room by making use of the creativity of the Christians to actualize their faith. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 陳丹. ; Parallel title from English abstract. ; Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139). ; Abstracts in Chinese and English. ; Chen Dan.