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The final word on the language of urban planning and design. The Language of Towns & Cities is a landmark publication that clarifies the language by which we talk about urban planning and design. Everyday words such as "avenue," "boulevard," "park," and "district," as well as less commonly used words and terms such as "sustainability," "carbon-neutral," or "Bilbao Effect" are used with a great variety of meanings, causing confusion among citizens, city officials, and other decision-makers when trying to design viable neighborhoods, towns, and cities. This magnificent volume is the fruit of more than a decade of research and writing in an effort to ameliorate this situation. Abundantly illustrated with over 2,500 photographs, drawings, and charts, The Language of Towns & Cities is both a richly detailed glossary of more than seven hundred words and terms commonly used in architecture and urban planning, and a compendium of great visual interest. From "A" and "B" streets to Zero Lot and Zeitgeist, the book is at once comprehensive and accessible. An essential work for architects, urban planners, students of design, and all those interested in the future of towns and cities, this is destined to become a classic in its field. -- Product Description

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Urbanization in Western Societies -- Pre-Urban and Early Urban Settlements (City Building Up to the mid-14th Century) -- Proto-Industrial Cities (City Building Between the Mid-14th and Mid-18th Centuries) -- Industrial Cities (Urbanization From the Mid-18th Century to the Early 20th Century) -- Postindustrial Cities (Urbanization From the Mid-20th Century Onward) -- Lessons From Urbanization in the West -- Some Convergence in Worldwide Trends in Urbanization -- Questions for Study and Discussion -- Internet Materials -- ch. 2 Urban Places and People in Comparative Perspective -- Cities in Non-Western and Less Developed Countries During the Era of Urban "Primacy" -- Urban Areas in Developing Countries in the Post-Primacy Era -- Cities in Contemporary Latin America -- Urban Areas in Africa and the Middle East -- Urban Areas in Asia -- The Impact of "Primacy" and "Overurbanization" in Less Developed Countries --

This book will address the destruction of urban forest in nine cities by bombing during World War II and the Bosnian War and their reconstruction in the post-war years. After reviewing the general objectives and results of aerial bombing, the book explores the effects of bombing and the reconstruction of urban forest in London, Coventry, Hamburg, Dresden, St. Petersburg, Stalingrad, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Sarajevo. Sarajevo stands out among these cities because the destruction of its urban forest was the result of citizens cutting down trees for firewood during the siege of the city. Most of the cities studied developed plans for reconstruction either during or after the war. These plans often addressed the planning and re-establishment of the urban forest that had been destroyed. Urban planners often planned for infrastructure improvements such as new boulevards and parks where trees would be planted. After the war many of these plans were abandoned or significantly modified. Cost, resistance by property owners, control of reconstruction by authorities outside of the cities, and the lack of planting stock were factors contributing to the failure of many of the plans. Exceptions occurred in Hiroshima and Coventry where the destroyed cities became symbols of national reconstruction and every effort was made to redesign the destroyed portions of these cities as memorials to those who lost their lives and to demonstrate the rebirth of the cities. In several of the cities studied individual citizens undertook on their own the replanting of street and park trees. Their ingenuity, hard work, and dedication to trees in their cities was remarkable. A common factor limiting efforts to replant street and park trees was the lack of nursery stock. During and immediately after the wars nearly all nurseries that had supplied trees for city planting had been converted to vegetable gardens to produce food for the urban populations. The slow return to the production of trees for urban planting was a common factor in the time required in many cities to restore their street and park trees. There are lessons to be learned by urban planner, urban forester, and landscape architects from this book that will be useful in the future destruction of urban forest either by natural or man-made causes.

Navigating global cities -- Origins: trade and connectivity -- The history of global cities I: ancient -- The history of global cities II: modern -- Understanding global cities -- Global cities today -- The future of global cities: challenges and leadership