Suchergebnisse

Population transfers; Turks; cities and towns; history; 20th century; congresses

UK: У статті обґрунтовано актуальність радикальних соціально-економічних змін, що відбуваються в суспільстві та потребують нової моделі розвитку міської політики в Україні; моніторингу малих і середніх міст для розробки і реалізації комплексних програм їх соціально-економічного розвитку. Вирішення цього завдання вимагає активного використання ресурсів просторових даних, що інтегрують інформацію про потенціал міст та їх соціально-економічний і природно-ресурсний стан. EN: The article substantiates the relevance of radical socio-economic changes taking place in society and requires a new model of urban policy development in Ukraine. Solving this problem requires the active use of spatial data on the socio-economic and natural-resource status of cities, integrating information on the potential of cities. An efficient urban economy is a prerequisite and an engine for raising the level of public welfare. It is based on the approach to man as the highest value, self-aim and the main condition for the development of society. In the current conditions of globalization and regionalization of the economy, local governments are becoming increasingly popular with strategic management of urban development that can help local authorities determine and increase the competitive advantages of cities more efficiently. However, so far, there has not been a single approach to assessing the strategic management of urban development. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems and trends of the socio-economic development of small and medium-sized cities in order to develop an effective strategy, where target integrated programs that can form a concrete, individual "economic landscape" of the region should be the main tools for managing the implementation of the chosen strategy. It is precisely in this category of cities that both the positive and the negative effects of socio-economic reforms, the development of small and medium-sized cities, and, to a greater extent, the further socioeconomic development of regions and the country as a whole are the most acute. Implementation of a complex of scientific research and implementation of the monitoring system for urban development is not only a timely but also a prerequisite for the implementation of an effective and environmentally sound economic policy in the region. Keywords: small towns and middle cities, strategic development, integrated city development program.

The article deals with the problem of the influence of Sovietization and decommunization on the urban environment of modern Ternopil region: the cities of Ternopil and Zalishchyky and the town of Skala-Podilska. The author gives a detailed analysis of the changes that took place in 1939-1991 in their architectural form. It is stated that if Zalishchyky and Skala-Podilska have preserved to some extent the unique, pre-war building of the centre, having lost some primary monuments, logical city planning, sculpting and decor on the facades, then Ternopil has lost its historical heart almost wholly, becoming a typical socialist city. The reasons that caused the destruction, redevelopment or reconstruction of architectural ensembles and religious-cult objects in Ternopil territory were determined: 1. ideological (ideological opponents and the soviet regime became statues of saints, memorials and graves of participants of Ukrainian liberation competitions, etc; they were destroyed as monuments of national cultural or religious load); 2. Communist regime crackdowns and efforts to conceal their results (entrances to separate, underground premises of Ternopil have been destroyed since they became the mass graves of prisoners in the city prison (1941); 3. impossibility of further exploitation due to "irreparable damage" caused by military actions, lack of funds for reconstruction or absence of economically justified need for operation of the object (yes, in Ternopil a department store destroyed during the war); 4. adaptation of the object for the fulfilment of new functions (the Jesuit church in Ternopil in the postwar period was rebuilt in the premises of a garment factory); 5. human factor when the destruction of memorials occurred as a result of the personal initiative or passive position of party functionaries, "labour collectives" and the population of cities in general.Particular attention was paid to the restoration or reconstruction of architectural monuments and the elimination of totalitarian symbols in the process of decommunization in 1991 - the beginning of the 21st century. It was noted that as of 2016, there were virtually no monuments in Ternopil that had a communist ideological load. ; У статті розглядається проблема впливу радянізації та декомунізації на урбаністичне середовище населених пунктів сучасної Тернопільської області: міст Тернопіль і Заліщики та містечка Скала-Подільська. Дається детальний аналіз змін, що відбулися у 1939-1991 рр, в їх архітектурному вигляді. Констатовано, що якщо Заліщики та Скала-Подільська певною мірою зберегли унікальну, довоєнну забудову центру, втративши кілька основних пам'яток, логічне міське планування, ліплення і декор на фасадах, то Тернопіль втратив своє історичне осердя фактично повністю, перетворившись у типове соціалістичне місто з шаблонною радянською забудовою. Визначено причини, що обумовили руйнування, перепланування чи реконструкцію архітектурних ансамблів та релігійно-культових об'єктів на теренах Тернопілля: 1. ідеологічна (ідеологічними противниками радянського режиму ставали статуї святих, меморіали та могили учасників українських визвольних змагань тощо; їх, як пам'ятки, що мають національно-культурне чи релігійне навантаження, знищували); 2. репресії, розгорнуті комуністичним режимом, та намагання приховати їхні результати (входи в окремі підземні приміщення Тернополя знищені, оскільки стали братськими могилами в'язнів міської тюрми (1941 р.)); 3. неможливість подальшої експлуатації внаслідок "непоправної шкоди", завданої військовими діями, брак коштів на відбудову або відсутність економічно обґрунтованої потреби для експлуатації об'єкту (так, у Тернополі на місті напівзруйнованого під час війни костелу побудовано універмаг); 4. пристосування об'єкту для виконання нових функцій (Єзуїтський костел у Тернополі у післявоєнний період перебудовано в приміщення швейної фабрики); 5. людський фактор, коли руйнування пам'яток відбувалися внаслідок особистої ініціативи або пасивної позиції партійних функціонерів, "трудових колективів" та населення міст взагалі. Окрема увага приділена питанню відбудови чи реконструкції архітектурних пам'яток та усуненню тоталітарних символів у рамках процесу декомунізації 1991 р. – початку ХХІ ст. Зазначено, що станом на 2016 р. у Тернополі фактично не залишилося жодної пам'ятки, яка б мала комуністичне ідеологічне навантаження.

Significant growth in the population of the planet, migration processes, rapid economic, political, social and technological progress have led not only to the development of the human and technical capabilities, but also to the evolution of the criminal activity. Throughout its existence the mankind has actively countered the criminal manifestations of its socially dangerous representatives, but the success of these measures was largely dependent on a well thought-out and effective strategy to prevent the crimes. The modern period of development of criminology is marked by diversity of ideas and concepts that try to explain the causes and conditions of committing the crimes, as well as to find a key "lever" in their avoidance. The XXI century is characterized by a high degree of urbanization and an outflow of people from countryside to large cities. A significant number of large cities and cities-millionaires dictate the need to ensure safety of their population from criminal acts and accidents. To this end, dozens of crime prevention programs are being developed and implemented annually at the local, regional and state levels. One of such programs is creation of a secure space, which involves the safe city-planning and architectural-spatial features that can adversely affect the criminality level of a territory, since most of situational and street crimes are committed under significant influence of a particular life situation. Thus, the effective use of these developments will significantly reduce the number of criminal offenses committed on the streets, near houses, enclosed premises and territories which are isolated and inaccessible to visual surveillance.

The article analyzes the development of cities and territorial communities in terms of compliance with sustainable development goals, criteria and principles of economic development of Ukraine in the implementation of the reform of decentralization of power and local self-government. Scientific principles of assessment of sustainable development of cities and territorial communities in Ukraine are formulated in accordance with the postulates of sustainable development and taking into account the institutional features of decentralization reform in Ukraine, taking into account the requirements for forming comprehensively viable and economically self-sufficient territorial communities. The article assesses the readiness for cooperation and unification of cities and communities of Ukraine. Agreements depending on the spheres of cooperation of territorial communities are considered. The state and dynamics of intermunicipal cooperation processes in Ukraine are analyzed.

The article highlights changes in communication in "civil landscapes" of Ukrainian cities, as the parameters of temporality and spatial phenomenology. It is noted that the public space of a city is a special social and cultural form of being under conditions of Ukrainian's conflict. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of national identity, the theory of communicative action, as well as a cultural approach to the analysis of the temporal-spatial phenomenon of the city. The need for research practices focused on comprehending urban identity from the point of view of a "civic approach", establishing national values, and taking into account the communitarian principles of the formation of such an identity is articulated. Civil urban sites are analyzed through the prism of lighting of nationally sensitive time-space. Differences in communicative-spatial transformations of Ukrainian cities, character of presentation of their national-cultural identity in communicative space are described. The pro-active practices of the locals re-vitalizing the Ukrainian space, through the prospect of designing a "national-cultural reality" – of Ukrainian citizenship are outlined. The violation of the cordial eye of the majority of national identities, as if they were based on the front line of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the coveted national-cultural frontiers of Ukraine, move forward. There is a shift in worldview boundaries along the national identity of communities that find themselves on the front lines of the Russian-Ukrainian war and become defensive national-cultural frontiers of Eastern Ukraine. It is noted that the spatial connections of Ukrainian cities and communities require a more powerful national-cultural articulation of the symbolic structure of urban politics and topos' mnemonics.

The purpose of the article is to characterize the process of forming the simplified public administration in non-district towns and posads of Chernihiv province, its structure, limits of competence, the number of voters and commissioners delegated according to the Regulation of 1892. Research methods are determined by the goal, based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. They are represented by general scientific methods of analysis, induction and special-historical: historical-genetic and historical-comparative. The scientific novelty of this article is that it is the first attempt to study simplified public self-government of the late XIX on the materials of Chernihiv province. Using a representative source base, absolute and relative number of voters and commissioners in non-district towns and posads at a specified time were calculated. As a result of the study we can make the following conclusions. The simplified public administration was started in 20 localities of Chernihiv province, 3 non-district towns and 17 posads by the reform of 1892. Owners of real estate, worth at least 100 rub., from which they paid taxes to the local budget, were given the opportunity to vote. They elected a meeting of commissioners endowed with administrative power, the executive – relied on the chief and his assistants. The limits of the simplified self-government competence covered a wide range of economic and household issues, which were resolved collegially, by a majority vote of commissioners. The activity took place within the city legislation, under the direct control of provincial administration and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The existing electoral system minimized the number of people with the right to express their will, who, by social affiliation, usually came from privileged classes. The simplified structure of public administration allowed to accumulate the power in hands of a meager number of commissioners, which made it impossible to represent proportionally the interests of all social strata in ...

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

The creativity of Spengler and the ambiguity of his theory have caused and continue to cause profound interest, as well as fierce debates. Spengler introduced his cultural historical doctrine in the book "The Decline of the West", in which he sought to reflect all the diversity of historical metamorphoses of humanity. His advanced concept of high cultures allowed him to approach the analysis of contemporary political processes from a historical perspective. "The Decline of the West" has already become an integral part of the European spiritual culture. This paper attempts to analyze Spengler's philosophy of history. During the research, the authors have used the comparative-historical method, the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as the integrative anthropological approach.

Abstracts in English -- Abstracts in Turkish -- Abstracts in Arabic

After the proclamation of Ukraine's independence in 1991, local self-government in Ukraine is not regulatedseparately for such administrative-territorial units as cities (exceptions are cities with a special status). Most authorsonly state this fact, but do not make constructive suggestions aimed at improving the situation.The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the modern laws of Ukraine, which implemented the legalregulation of local self-government in the cities of Ukraine.The study of the laws of Ukraine regulating local self-government gave grounds to note that the peculiarities of localself-government in cities are fragmented in the Law "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine", Electoral Code and arecompletely absent in such important laws-sources of municipal law as Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities", "On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils". Regarding the latest act, the following directionsof amendments aimed at differentiating the status of deputies of local councils of rural and urban settlements areproposed: differences in the rights and responsibilities of deputies of local councils and taking into account differentquantitative composition of local councils (depending on the number of members); accordingly – more or less complexinternal structure of local councils, their executive bodies.It is noted that with the adoption on February 5, 2015 of the Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities" at the present stage of municipal reform began to follow the trend of refusing to unify local governmentin urban and rural areas (in connection with the introduction of the institute of elders). Proposals for amendments toArt. 7 of this Law "Preparation of decisions on voluntary association of territorial communities" and on supplementingArt. 8 "Formation of a united territorial community" paragraph 1-1 in the proposed wording. ; Після проголошення незалежності України в 1991 р. місцеве самоврядування в Україні саме для таких адмі-ністративно-територіальних одиниць, як міста, не регламентується окремо (виключеннями є міста з особливимстатусом). Більшість авторів тільки констатує цей факт, але не висуває конструктивних пропозицій, спрямова-них на покращення ситуації.Метою статті є розглянути й проаналізувати сучасні закони України, в яких здійснено нормативно-правовурегламентацію місцевого самоврядування в містах України.Дослідження законів України, що регламентують місцеве самоврядування, надало підстави зазначити, щоособливості місцевого самоврядування в містах фрагментарно закріплені в Законі «Про місцеве самоврядуван-ня в Україні», Виборчому кодексі й повністю відсутні в таких важливих законах-джерелах муніципального пра-ва, як Закон «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад», «Про статус депутатів місцевих рад». Щодоостаннього акту, запропоновано такі напрями внесення змін, спрямованих на диференціацію статусу депутатівмісцевих рад сільських і міських населених пунктів: наявність відмінностей у правах та обов'язках депутатівмісцевих рад і врахування різного кількісного складу місцевих рад (залежить від кількості членів територіальнихгромад) і, відповідно, більш або менш складної внутрішньої структури місцевих рад, їхніх виконавчих органів.Зазначено, що з прийняттям 5 лютого 2015 р. Закону «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад»на сучасному етапі муніципальної реформи почала простежуватись тенденція щодо відмови від уніфікації місце-вого самоврядування в міських і сільських населених пунктах (у зв'язку з введенням інституту старост). Сфор-мульовано пропозиції щодо внесення змін і доповнень до ст. 7 Закону «Підготовка рішень щодо добровільногооб'єднання територіальних громад» і щодо доповнення ст. 8 «Утворення об'єднаної територіальної громади»пунктом 1-1 у запропонованій редакції.