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Abstract
Urbanization is a truly global trend, affecting populations in developed and emerging regions across all continents. To keep up with the rapid influx of new city dwellers, city leaders are turning to technology. One of the key challenges in many cities is providing safe drinking water. Other major issues in many cities across the developing world are traffic, parking, waste management, lighting, security, education and health care.
The Internet of Things increasingly offers new ways to make our lives as citizens smarter, more efficient and more informed. For example, city governments can charge appropriate fees, deliver tailored services and manage public infrastructure while considering interdependencies. In order to successfully seize the opportunities associated with the current shifts and to anticipate what's coming, city leaders need to recognize and address the interrelationship of all city challenges and their impact across all constituent groups in seeking solutions.

The local industry mix provides the conventional framework within which a city's economic position & prospects are evaluated & its redevelopment is planned. The industrial approach has been complemented here with an occupational-functional approach that measures the comparative advantage -- competitive position -- of a given Ur area along five broad paths of economic development: entrepreneurship, central management, research & development, precision operations, & routine operations. Looking beyond the products a city makes to the roles it plays & the skills it performs shifts emphasis from the immediate fortunes of a given industry & the direct flow of current income to the long-run power & potential of local resources, especially human resources. This new perspective is also more sensitive to state & local public policy. Illustrations are provided of ways in which educational & other strategies have been used implicitly & could be planned more explicitly to guide cities through the difficult years of industrial transition. In Questions and Answers, Thompson responds to several comments made by: Jean Marie Enrecq (Regional & Ur Planning, Nord-Pas-de Calais Regional Council, France), Yale Rabin (U of Virginia, Charlottesville), & Barbara A. Coscarello. Modified HA

A review essay on books by (1) Jeffrey Cole, The New Racism in Europe: A Sicilian Ethnography (Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1997); (2) Juan Jose Lahuerta, Le Corbusier y Espana ([Le Corbusier and Spain] Barcelona: Centre Cultura Contemporania Barcelona, 1997); (3) Donald McNeill, Urban Change and the European Left: Tales from the New Barcelona (London & New York, Routledge, 1999); (4) Jean-Luc Pinol, Atlas historico de ciudades europeas: Francia ([Historical Atlas of European Cities: France] Barcelona: Centre Cultura Contemporania Barcelona/Salvat, 1999); (5) Joan Pujola, De que vas, tio? ([What's Happening, Dude?] Barcelona: Empuries, 1997); & (6) Rosemary Wakeman, Modernizing the Provincial City, Toulouse 1945-47 (Cambridge: Harvard U Press, 1997). These works address the status of European Mediterranean cities as new types of global cities, highlighting their potential as models of sustainable development & environmental planning. They cover a broad base of perspectives from architects, historians, anthropologists, & linguists on issues of urban planning, policy, & social change. Cole offers ethnographic evidence collected 1988-1990 to document the persistence of classist & racist stereotypes regarding immigrants among the working & middle classes of Palermo, Italy, centered around new immigrants arriving in Sicily from the South. The politicization of immigration issues is noted. Lahuerta's edited collection of essays chronicles the contributions of urban architect Le Corbusier to the development of Barcelona, Spain, in the early 20th century, bringing to light new political influences on his work. McNeill moves ahead to the period following Francisco Franco's dictatorship to examine political factors in the urban discourses of Barcelona. He critiques the New Left & its urban reforms under socialist mayor Pasqual Maragall, extending the analysis to other socialist urban discourses throughout Europe. In another analysis of Barcelona, Pujolar examines language use & identity among working-class adolescents, focusing on changes to the Catalan language & its conflicts with Castilian as examples of the politics of language & national identity. Pinol's collection provides a comprehensive, illustrated guide to France & makes an excellent reference atlas that also manages to link various urban architectures to political & economic factors. Wakeman focuses on the city of Toulouse & its development as both an aerospace & cultural center in Europe in the immediate post-WWII era, placing this path of urban modernization within the context of political & economic changes across different decades in the city & in France as a whole. 21 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

AbstractIn April, 1929, the charter commission of New Rochelle, New York, reported a city manager charter which was accepted by the voter in November. This charter was the result of more than a year's study o the workings ofthe plan in both large adn small cities throughout the United States. During the drafting of the charter Dr. Bradford, who will be remembered as the author of "Commission Government in American Cities," visitd thirty cities and observed their managers and councils in action. At our request he is preparing a series of articles, of collected last year is being supplemented by current information in ordeer that his findings may be up to hte minute in every respect. The subject of next month's installment of this continued story of civic progress will be "Two New York Cities"

One aspect of race relations in New Zealand (NZ), the effect of Ur'ization on Maoris, is explored. Data are collected to provide a test of the NZ gov's policy of encouraging Ur'ization of the Maori people to further 'integration'-which the gov of NZ has defined as a combination of the white & Maori peoples in one nation 'wherein Maori culture remains distinct.' The alternate hyp, one suggested by critics of Ur'ization, is that cities act to erode the formal & informal bases of Maori culture & civilization. A Test of Maori Knowledge (TMK), a simple 10-item multiple-choice questionaire was designed with the aid of R's. 3 samples were tested: (1) Ur whites, (2) Ur Maoris, & (3) Ru Maoris. The respective X's of the 3 samples were 2.24, 3.43, & 7.15; all diff's were highly signif. The data are interpreted as a refutation of the NZ gov's belief that Ur'ization furthers, or at least does not retard, the distinctive qualities of Maori culture. Some analysis of the process of Ur'izing Maoris is given. AA.

The article presents figures demonstrating China's and India's impending rapid urbanization. The needs of the countries' urban centers are explored in terms of residential and commercial space, transportation, energy and services. In many ways China is preparing itself better than India. K. Cargill

Instead, the book applies certain systems-theoretical concepts-cycles, stocks and flows, leverage points, dynamics and feedback loops-to cities and communities (these two are consistently conflated throughout) in an attempt to show how city planning and local governance can produce sustainable urban development.