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Adequate infrastructure for citizen science is constantly growing and has become increasingly important in providing support to citizen science activities, both nationally and internationally. Many types of citizen science infrastructures exist, with different functionalities. This chapter focuses on current citizen science platforms. The platforms addressed in this chapter are those which display citizen science data and information, provide good practical examples and toolkits, collect relevant scientific outcomes, and are accessible to different stakeholders, ranging from interested citizens to scientific institutions to authorities, politicians, and public media. We present current citizen science platforms in Europe and associated (inter)national citizen science networks and discuss how these platforms have become increasingly vital within citizen science. Based on these examples, we elaborate on challenges for citizen science platforms, such as establishing and financing platforms, designing user interfaces, maintaining platforms, promoting the usage of platforms, etc. We conclude with an outlook into potential development needs of citizen science platforms in the future. ; publishedVersion

Citizen Science (CS) has gained increased recognition over the last two decades. This turn is occurring in strong connection with the profound transformations that have affected science over the last few decades, leading towards a new social model of science characterised by greater openness to society regarding research content actors involved, research processes, and expected societal and economic impact. CS is at the centre of this complex change dynamics as a tool that strongly sustains the shift towards the "open social model" of science supporting a new approach to the science-society relationship. However CS is rarely evaluated for its long-term structural effects on science and the science-society relationship. This article addresses this topic, having as a point of departure the ongoing EC-funded Step Change project, aimed at promoting five Citizen Science Initiatives (CSIs) in different research fields (health, energy, and environment). Under the project, an Evaluation Framework has been developed, shaping the evaluation process as a citizen science project by adopting a developmental and participatory approach. The Evaluation Framework is organised into two different but intertwined levels, one focused on the evaluation of the individual CSI (analytical level) and a second aimed at identifying recurrent patterns of obstacles, facilitating factors, or a mix of them (neutral situations) across the CSIs (cross-cutting level). While the analytical level is intended as a service to better implement the CSIs, the cross-cutting level is intended as a research process to generate new knowledge on how CS could serve as a tool for a better anchorage of science into society.

This paper builds on Mueller, Tippins, and Bryan's paper to ask how neoliberal restructuring impacts the form of appropriate and possible democratic science/education. It examines the compatibilities between antidemocratic tendencies of current schooling and common forms citizen science. It also clarifies several details regarding the street-medic movement. The paper suggests that distinguishing between democracy as participation and democracy as opposition would help clarify the appropriate forms, limits, and possibilities of democratic forms of science in schooling.

Editorial – The Science of Citizen Science Evolves -- Chapter 1: What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition -- Chapter 2: Citizen Science in Europe -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Chapter 3: Science as a Commons: Improving the Governance of Knowledge through Citizen Science -- Chapter 4: Citizen Science in the Natural Sciences -- Chapter 5: Citizen Humanities -- Chapter 6: Citizen Social Science: New and Established Approaches to Participation in Social Research -- Chapter 7: Data Quality in Citizen Science -- Chapter 8: A Conceptual Model for Participants and Activities in Citizen Science Projects -- Chapter 9: Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications -- Chapter 10: Participation and Co-creation in Citizen Science -- Chapter 11: Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Chapter 12: Participants in Citizen Science -- Chapter 13: Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science -- Chapter 14: Learning in Citizen Science Chapter -- Chapter 15: Citizen Science Case Studies and Their Impacts on Social Innovation -- Chapter 16: Science as a Lever: The Roles and Power of Civil Society Organisations in Citizen Science -- Chapter 17: Citizen Science and Policy -- Chapter 18: Creating Positive Environmental Impact through Citizen Science -- Chapter 19: Ethical Challenges and Dynamic Informed Consent -- Part III: Citizen Science in Practice -- Chapter 20: Finding What You Need: A Guide to Citizen Science Guidelines -- Chapter 21: Citizen Science Platforms -- Chapter 22: Citizen Science in the Digital World of Apps -- Chapter 23: Communication and Dissemination in Citizen Science -- Chapter 24: Evaluation in Citizen Science: The Art of Tracing a Moving Target Part IV: Conclusions / Lessons Learnt -- Chapter 25: The Recent Past and Possible Futures of Citizen Science: Final Remarks. .

Citizen Science beschreibt die aktive Einbeziehung von "Laien" in die wissenschaftliche Wissensproduktion, d.h. eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen freiwilligen Bürger*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen, die in wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen arbeiten. Die Ziele von Citizen Science sind oft vielfältig und umfassen bspw. die Förderung der Wissenschaften durch die Einbeziehung des Wissens und der Fähigkeiten von Nicht-Wissenchaftler*innen und die Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Kompetenz einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit in Bezug auf wissenschaftliche Standards und Praktiken. Angesichts der Vorteile, die Citizen Science verspricht, ist es überraschend, dass dieser Ansatz in den Sozialwissenschaften und insbesondere der Soziologie nicht weiterverbreitet ist. In der Tat stellt Social Citizen Science bzw. Citizen Social Science ein relativ neues Feld dar. In diesem Beitrag werden daher zunächst unterschiedliche Formen von Citizen Science erörtert, die sich entlang der beiden Dimensionen (1) Grad der Integration von Nicht-Wissenschaftler*innen und (2) an den allgemeinen Schritten und Aufgaben im Forschungsprozess einordnen lassen. Anschließend wird das Verhältnis von Citizen Science und soziologischer Forschung erörtert, wobei die Besonderheiten der Sozialforschung in ihren verschiedenen Formen dargestellt und mit den bestehenden Citizen Science-Ansätzen verglichen werden. Darüber hinaus werden die Potenziale und möglichen Hindernisse für die Übernahme von Citizen Science-Ansätzen in den Sozialwissenschaften bzw. der Soziologie erörtert.

This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.

Children can both learn from and contribute to citizen science. Scientific learning can develop children's environmental citizenship, voices and democratic participation as adults. The quality of data produced by children varies across projects and can be assumed to be of poorer quality because of their age, experience and less-developed skill set. If citizen science activities are appropriately designed they can be accessible to all children, which can also improve their accessibility to a wider range of citizens in general

Children can both learn from and contribute to citizen science. Scientific learning can develop children's environmental citizenship, voices and democratic participation as adults. The quality of data produced by children varies across projects and can be assumed to be of poorer quality because of their age, experience and less-developed skill set. If citizen science activities are appropriately designed they can be accessible to all children, which can also improve their accessibility to a wider range of citizens in general

Citizen science initiatives provide invaluable data about our water environment and complement our own monitoring and assessment work, enabling a greater understanding of the issues we face and how together we can take action going forward. John Findlay, who works in the East Anglia analysis and reporting team at the EA, writes here about his role and the data his team is collecting.

This tool is meant for anyone who wants to increase participation in a citizen science project. It supports developing strategies for increasing participation, as well as practical advice on how to implement these strategies. This tool was developed by DRIFT for transitions in the context of the ACTION project, supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824603. We would like to thank our first and second cohort of pilots for their contributions: InMyBackyard, NoiseMaps, Sonic Kayaks, WowNature, CiticomPlastic, Water for Future, Water Sentinels, Open Soil Atlas, MappingMobility, Restart workbench, and Walk Up Aniene.

Charles Darwin und Gregor Mendel gelten zu Recht als herausragende Figuren der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Sie waren auf ihren Gebieten Amateure, keine Berufsforscher im heutigen Sinne. Was sie antrieb, war eine unstillbare Neugier, die auch heute noch vielen Laien zu Eigen ist und in leidenschaftlich gepflegten Hobbys und ehrenamtlicher Forschung in vielen Problemfeldern der Zivilgesellschaft ihren Ausdruck findet.Doch Wissenschaft und Forschung gelten mittlerweile als Privileg der Profis, das oftmals lebensnähere Wirken der Laien als zweitklassig. Dabei sind ihre Leistungen bedeutsamer denn je: das Jahrhundertprojekt Wikipedia wäre ohne Citizen Science undenkbar und auch erfolgreiches bürgerschaftliches Engagement kommt ohne fundierte Sachkenntnisse nicht aus. Peter Finke legt die erste Einführung in die Ideenwelt von Citizen Science vor und lädt ein, die unterschätzte Welt der Wissensbürger zu entdecken. Sein Fazit: Wenn wir wirklich eine Wissensgesellschaft werden wollen, müssen wir unsere akademischen und politischen Maßstäbe neu justieren.

This article analyzes core attributes of the concepts of Open Science and Citizen Science in European science policy and relates them to one another. Both concepts postulate and advocate a future opening of science – with Open Science policy focusing on the research process and the conceptualization of Citizen Science placing more emphasis on the actors and their interactions. Both approaches claim transparency with regard to both the research process itself and its results. There are synergies in terms of the involvement of citizens and the accessibility of research results and processes. And there are risks when Citizen Science is merely instrumentalized without allowing for effective participation by citizens.