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A rational choice perspective ground this analysis of why trade unions, confronted with firms equally intransigent in their commitments to work-force reductions, sometimes actively resist job loss & at other times passively acquiesce. Case studies of British Leyland & Fiat automobile plants reveal that unions at the former acquiesced, whereas those at the latter resisted mass work-force reductions in 1980. As the literatures on corporatism & on contemporary industrial relations both describe Italian & British labor relations as antagonistic, they fail to anticipate the different outcomes for these two cases. It is argued here that the outcomes may be understood as products of the rational calculations that union leaders make within the constraints of labor market institutions. Specifically, union responses to the threat of large-scale work-force reductions vary with the presence or absence of seniority-based mechanisms for allocating job loss. 1 Figure, 68 References. Adapted from the source document.

The central flaw in the policies both of privatising state‐owned assets and contracting out local authority services is that they protect existing producers. Sudha Shenoy, of the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, uses the 'Austrian' analysis of constant change in conditions of supply and demand to show why all producers must be exposed to the threat of loss from dissatisfied

The importance of capital loss offset provisions in a world of risk is well documented in the tax literature. However, the potential deadweight losses owing to imperfect offset has not been fully explored. This paper develops a framework whereby that investigation can be carried out and utilizes numerical simulations to investigate the size of potential losses. Results show that when the government and private sector are equally efficient in handling market risk, welfare losses owing to the absence of offset provisions could be substantial. Under plausible assumptions about attitudes towards risk and time preference, and with a capital income tax rate of forty percent, over sixty cents per dollar of tax revenue raised would be dissipated. In contrast, full loss offset would reduce that loss to approximately fourteen cents.

This essay integrates feminist scholarship on silent serials with discourses on memory and diaspora to situate historical inquiry, textual interpretation, and construction of subjectivity at the intersection of viewing and writing. It chronicles the author's experience watching Louis Feuillade's 1919 serial Tih-Minh, whose half Vietnamese titular character is brought to France and undergoes multiple cycles of kidnapping, amnesia, and memory restoration. This instability of inscription—through Tih-Minh's memory—is mirrored in the physical degradation of the serial, the unruly distribution of its intertitles and inserts, and subsequent acts of retroactive restoration by historians and conservators. Drawing on historiographic methods that incorporate indeterminacy and lacunae, the instability of inscription is serialized in a process that makes visible, sensible, and poetic the textures of loss and remembrance that connect the serial's text and preservation with memory in the Vietnamese diaspora, constructing a spectral ecology of suppressed and ephemeral archives.

The paper examines three emergent migration flows, each with specific features that can be described as extreme. The effort organizing the paper is to understand conditions at places of origin that lead people to risk their lives in dangerous trips to escape those places of origin. As is by now known, these migrants are not the poorest of the poor in their places of origins. The rapid surge in these flows combined with the conditions they leave behind raise a question that organizes much of the analysis: Are the categories we use to understand and describe migrations—that is, the notion of people in search of a better life, who leave behind a family and home that they want to support from afar and possibly return to–enough to capture the specificity of these emergent flows. My answer is: not quite. One big difference from the past is that part of the story is a massive loss of habitat due to a variety of extreme patterns, from massive land-grabs to poisoning of land and water due to mining. The paper examines how the development models implemented over the last 30 and more years have enabled some of these negative conditions. Further, another major factor reducing the habitat of these migrants is a proliferation of asymmetric wars. Both sets of factors reduce the habitat for more people. One outcome of this combination of elements is these new migrations.

This presentation gives a summary of the policy recommendations which were drafted in the framework of the ILEC project on loss of nationality (http://www.ilecproject.eu/). The recommendations pertain to the situation of 'quasi-loss', i.e. the situation in which a person who was assumed to possed a nationality, learns that he/she never has possessed that nationality. The recommendations were presented in a policy brief (available at www.ceps.eu/node/9871). They will be included in Guidelines.

Securitizations of Citizenship critically assesses the fate of citizenship in relation to securitized practices of surveillance and control that have emerged in the post-9/11 period.

Contemporary models of citizenship are critiqued in an attempt to conceptualize a more comprehensive notion of European citizenship. Four models of citizenship are identified: a rights-based model linked to liberalism; a duties-based model connected with conservatism; a participation-based model associated with democratic radicalism; & an identity-based model related to communitarianism. Arguing that issues of citizenship are subverted by discourses of nationalism, a postnational notion that emphasizes a citizen's rights, duties, participation, & identity is presented. In contemporary Europe, the traditional notion of citizenship based on rights & participation has been replaced by a supranational concept that privileges cultural identity of diversity. Consequently, a postnational notion of identity that reveres human rights, the environmnent, democracy, & multiculturalism is needed to contest current trends. 1 Figure, 64 References. Adapted from the source document.

The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of — Treatment by and responsibilities of the receiving State — Refugees — Return visit to State of origin — Circumstances in which withdrawal of refugee status is justified — Effect on minors of withdrawal of refugee status of their father — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Article 1, paragraph C — The law of Switzerland