Suchergebnisse

"Global Citizenship" published on by Oxford University Press.

Contends that the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) impelled two basic transformations of the US welfare system. First, it changed the foundations of the system from entitlement to conditional benefits. Second, it officially encoded the perspective that full-time employment, along with work-conditioned benefits, would make citizens able to raise themselves & their families out of poverty. These changes in welfare occurred in a context in which most features of US citizenship are indeed conditional. Welfare reform, far from establishing either an aberration or a novel notion of citizenship, is in fact reshaping welfare policy to be more consistent with a prior, though greatly unspoken, grasp of what is here termed conditional citizenship. References. K. Coddon

Der Beitrag diskutiert den Nutzen von "citizenship" und Sozialpolitik für eine ökologische Modernisierung in den Staaten Osteuropas. Für eine Modernisierung nach dem Sozialismus seien zwar notwendige Bedingungen für die Verwirklichung von "citizenship" erfolgt, es genüge jedoch nicht die Verfassungen des Staates zu demokratisieren, ohne die materiellen Interessen der Bürger zu befriedigen. Das Mißverhältnis von Bürgerrechten und ökonomischer Unsicherheit erfordere sozialpolitische Maßnahmen, die es den Menschen in den Reformstaaten ermöglichen sollen, die wirtschaftlichen Härten auszuhalten. Nur so könne es gelingen, daß Bürger in den Modernisierungsprozessen politisch handlungs- und entscheidungsbereit langfristige Ziele wie konsequente Umweltpolitik und Arbeitspolitik ihren kurzfristigen materiellen Interessen überordnen. (psz)

Within federal structures, citizens in a nested manner can affiliate with both states/provinces (subnational entities) & the national entity, conflict rules designate which citizenship type serves which purpose, & subnational & national governments provide alternative forums for competing claims about citizenship. These structures provide a framework within which to construct multinational citizenship. Conflicts between the concepts of citizenship as identity & as equality, & voting & loyalty issues in multinational citizenship are analyzed, citing experiences with citizenship rules in Western democracies. The benefits of multiple citizenship are weighted against the drawbacks, especially their ability to create intrapolity inequalities & destabilize ethnonationalisms. 93 References. M. Pflum